1. TEACHER’S CAREER AS RELIGION
OBLIGATION PHILOSOPHER
PERSPECTIVE
&
STRUGGLES AND NOBLE EFFORTS
OF TEACHER PATRONS
Cynt Marie. B
Geverny Quera. J
Nurazirawati A.
Khalisah Kaling
Noorfadzreen Y.

2. PHILOSOPHER
PERSPECTIVE

3. Socrates (469-399 BC)
 His personal tendencies towards critical
reasoning and commitment for the truth
benchmarked him as a role model to be
emulated by everyone.
 Socrates was a soldier during the
Peloponnesian War. Later, he worked as a
sculptor.
 He spend his life discussing and deliberating
issues such as knowledge, values, politics and
many more.

4.  His sincerity in sharing knowledge without
any monetary attracted many young men.
 Socrates was found guilty of destroying the
minds of these young people and interfering in
the religious affairs of Athens.
 After he was sentenced to death, he drank a
hemlock and died, surrounded by his friends and
followers.

5. Plato (427-347 BC)
 Student of Socrates and a teacher to Aristotle.
 His early works is “Dialogues” contained
information about Socrates and also “Republic”,
a combination of several disciplines, namely
ethics, political philosophy, moral psychology,
epistemology and metaphysics.
 In 385 BC, he established his own school known
as the Academy and the most popular in the
world.

6.  His first university offering a comprehensive
curriculum included the subjects Astronomy,
Biology, Mathematics, Political Theory and
Philosophy.
 Plato’s views about the role of teachers:
1. Teachers should be caring, sensitive to the
needs of their students and responsible to
deliver the knowledge based on truth and
values.
2. Teachers need to identify their pupil’s ability
level and limit.

7. - Early stage: - Use the questioning method known as
the Socratic method that help
students to overcome any difficulties
arise.
- Middle stage: - Still using Socratic method but
focusing on Plato’s owns ideas and
concerned with issues related to
knowledge, form, soul and political
theory.

8. - Final stage: - Emphasize the
metaphysics and the
logical assumptions
of Plato’s ideas as
introduced in the
middle stage.

9. Plato’s work,
“The Republic”
-His views on how to create an
ideal society.
- He recommended the kind of
education system and
curriculum that he deemed
suitable.
- The ideal society is said to
consist of 3 stages people:
(i) Guardians
(ii) Traders
(iii) Craftsmen

10. PHILOSOPHERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Aristotle
• A Greek Philosophers
• Education
– He was sent to complete his education at the
Academy at 17 years old
– 20 years studying under Plato
– Worked as a teacher in that school (teach rhetoric)
• Writing
-Education -Arts
-Physics -biology
-Politics -Poetry

11. • Set up his own school in Lyceum
• Conducted many courses in various fields
• His philosophical ideas:
Philosophical ideas
Detailed discussions General discussion
in the mornings for in the afternoons for
advanced students the public
• He would not stand in front of his students when
he teaches

12. • He carried out research in various types of
subjects > succeed in setting up a library to
keep his historical artifacts.
• For Aristotle, there did not exist any
competition between culture and God
• His works is like a virtual encyclopedia of
Greek Knowledge

13. PHILOSOPHERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Mahatma Gandhi
• Real name : Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
• Born : Porbanar, Gujarat, India in 1869
• Education
– Graduated with Law degree from University college London
– He worked in an Indian firm which had opened a branch office in
Durban, South Africa.
• Many believe & practice his ideas which were regarded as a
religion.
• Thus he was given the title Mahatma

14. • Gandhi’s struggles
STRUGGLE BRIEF DESCRIPTION
1896-1914 Gandhi practiced passive resistance and non-cooperation
Autonomy of the people towards the authorities until the South African Government
& political rights of Indian officially recognized marriages and eradicated the poll taxes
migrants in South Africa imposed on them.
1919-1931 After the 1st World War
Public campaign against -Gandhi led this campaign (non-violence, non-
British Rule in India coopearation)
1932 -The Dalits ( excluded from the caste system of India).
Voting rights of the Dalits -Gandhi practiced fasting until death while in prison.
-Finally, their claim was approved (dissatisfaction of the fast)
1944 -Agreement of the 2 political parties(Muslim League &
Independence for India Congress Party) to settle their own problems.
-Gandhi disagreed with the Muslims’ claim but then he
conceded.
1948 -As a consequences of the disturbances in New Delhi, Gandhi
Peace in New Delhi fasted

15. • His shows sympathy towards the Indian
people’s problems
• He became as the voice for the oppressed, in
and outside the country
• The Indians believe he could solve their
political or economical problems
• He held the principles of life(ahmisa), non-
resistance, truth belief and so on.

16. STRUGGLES AND NOBLE
EFFORTS OF TEACHER
PATRONS
-Western Educationist
-Eastern Educationist

17. John Dewey
• John Dewey was born October 20, 1859 in
Burlington, Vermont.
• He died June 1, 1952.
• His interest in philosophy was nurtured since his
undergraduate years.
• He works at the University of Minnesota for 10
years.

18. Contributions to Psychology:
• Dewey's work had a vital influence on
psychology, education and philosophy.
• He is often considered one of the greatest
thinkers of the 20th-century.
• Emphasis on progressive education.
• Dewey was also a prolific writer, publishing
numerous books and articles on a wide range
of subjects

19. Selected Publications:
• The School and Society (1900)
• The Child and the Curriculum (1902)
• How We Think (1910)
• Experience and Nature (1925)
• Philosophy and Civilization (1931)

20. Maria Montessori
• Born Aug. 31, 1870, Chiaravalle, near Ancona, Italy—
died May 6, 1952, Noordwijk aan Zee, Neth
• Italian educator and originator of the educational
system that bears her name.
• The Montessori system is based on belief in the
child’s creative potential, his drive to learn, and his
right to be treated as an individual.
• After graduating in medicine from the University
of Rome in 1896—the first woman in Italy to do so—
Montessori was appointed assistant doctor at the
psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome, where
she became interested in the educational problems
of mentally retarded children

21. CONTRIBUTION
• Montessori method.
• Classroom exhibition at the International
Panama-Pacific Exhibition in San Francisco in
1915
• Montessori Training Center in Laren, Netherlands
• A series of teacher training courses in India
• Montessori Center in London

22. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Background:
• Born : 1896 in Lake Neuchatel,Switzerland.
• Died: 1980
• Intelligent and extremely curious about
nature.

23. Contributions:
• Inspired educational reforms in Europe and
America

24. Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Background
• Born: in 1902 in Oak Park, Illinois
• Got involved in: agriculture at University of
Wisconsin-Madison, History and religion.
• Obtained his Masters and Doctor of
Philosophy

25. Contributions:
• His books help the client overcome problems
he was facing and help him gain insight to
restructure his life.
• Set up a counseling center at the University of
Chicago.

26. Albert Bandura (1925-present)
Background:
• Born: in 1925 in Mundare,
Canada.
• Appointed as President of
the American Psychology
Association.

27. Contributions:
• Explains the cognitive theory in relation to
human functioning.
• His books focused on social learning theories
and self-efficacy.

28. EASTERN EDUCATIONIST
HAMKA
LAO TZE

29. HAMKA
 Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
 Indonesia theologian and scholar.
 Well known in Malaysia & Singapore
 Born 1908 in Kg Molek, Maninjau, west Sumatera.
 Buya, “a respected teacher” minangkabau name
 Sekolah Dasar Maninjau until Class 2.
 Age 10: continue study religion and Arabic in Sumatera Thawalib, Padang
Panjang.
 a religion teacher in 1927 and around 1929.
 teacher in University of Islam, Jakarta and University of Muhammadiyah,
Padang Panjang from 1957 to 1958.
 rector in High Institute of Islam, Jakarta
 the title Professor from University of Mustopo, Jakarta.
 July 24, 1981 (aged 73) in Jakarta.

30. CONTRIBUTION
Since 1920, journalist
Editor: magazines Kemajuan
dailies: Pelita Andalas,
Journalist,writer,editor Masyarakat, Al-mahdi,
Seruan Islam, Bintang
and publisher Pedoman Masyarakat, Panji
Islam and Seruan Masyarakat and Gema Islam.
Muhammadiyah
skillful ability in Arabic
examined works of language, mastered works Study philosophy, literature,
from Middle Easterners high history, sociology and
French, British and scholars such as Zaki
politics, both from Islamic
Mubarak, jurji zaydan, Abbas
al-Aqqad, Mustafa al-
German scholars Manfaluti and hussain haikal.
side and Western side.

31. FAMOUS
Novel & short WORK
stories:
Tenggelamnya
Kapal Van Der
Wijck, Di Bawah
Tafsir al- Lindungang
azhar have 5 Kaabah And
volumes Merantau Ke
Deli (text in
Malaysia &
Singapore)

32. LAO TZE
Lao Tze
(great teacher or Old
Master)Lao Tzu: Lao Tse
Chinese philosopher
founder of Taoism.
Born 570 B.C in Luoyang

33. left with Arrived at
According bull and Han Gu Died in
history head to
west
Pass stop
by guard.
490 B.C
Appointed as
Keeper of the guard asked
Continue
Imperial Luoyang to share the
knowledge journey
Archived by situation and wisdom never
Emperor unsafe and
reported. seen.
Zhou in
Luoyang.
Become Wrote
Read all essay Tao te
knowledg
the eable
more than Ching
classic 5000 created.
person words

34. CONTRIBUTION
• Many followers
• confucius asked opinion about chinese customs.
• concludes “world is made up of sky, earth human beings and
principles called dao. “everything in this world regulated by natural
laws.
• Ex: concept rich/poor, life/death, beautiful/ugly
• All interdependent
• Tao Te Ching contains teaching of Lao tze covers individual, spiritual
and interpersonal dynamics to political dynamics
• stressed changes how human beings do something and what they
do.

35. Thank you