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2012 2014 
A dev/test cloud 
Less than a rack of compute 
Handcrafted by an engineer 
Supported by another engineer 
Zero automation 
Dev to op ratio = 1:0 
Thousands of nodes 
Distributed across several AZs 
Automated 
Operated 24x7 
Running the business 
Dev to op ratio: 5:1
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 
Treat infrastructure as code
1. Fully automate deployments 
o Well known principle 
2. Treat automation artifacts like you treat code 
o Source control → code reviews → tests → 
deployment 
3. Take automation as a product feature 
o Road map, sprints, bugs, backlog, releases 
4. Measure outcomes with KPIs 
o Time to deploy, time to recover, time to rollout a 
change
1 2 3 4 
Manage drift
System is in a state other than the 
desired state! 
- Incidents waiting to happen 
- Impacts time to recover 
- Impacts customers
Drift 
Automation 
Gaps 
Habits 
Transitional 
Debugging 
Incidents
Accept that drift happens - and manage 
drift mitigation 
1. Automated audits 
2. Drift tracking 
3. Mitigation as a planned routine activity 
4. Culture - reward right habits
1 2 3 4 
Awareness of systems and 
operations
Measure 
everything 
Business 
KPIs 
Config 
management 
Alerts 
Another product 
Drift 
feature!
1 2 3 4 
Culture of shared accountability
Ops Dev 
Working on what’s 
running the business 
Working on (wants to 
work on) new things 
Knows how the 
system fails 
Knows how the system 
is supposed to work 
Worries about TTR Wants to understand why 
Make TTR a shared goal!
Operations is Engineering
Thanks

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Engineering Operations

  • 1. 2012 2014 A dev/test cloud Less than a rack of compute Handcrafted by an engineer Supported by another engineer Zero automation Dev to op ratio = 1:0 Thousands of nodes Distributed across several AZs Automated Operated 24x7 Running the business Dev to op ratio: 5:1
  • 2. 1 2 3 4
  • 3. 1 2 3 4 Treat infrastructure as code
  • 4. 1. Fully automate deployments o Well known principle 2. Treat automation artifacts like you treat code o Source control → code reviews → tests → deployment 3. Take automation as a product feature o Road map, sprints, bugs, backlog, releases 4. Measure outcomes with KPIs o Time to deploy, time to recover, time to rollout a change
  • 5. 1 2 3 4 Manage drift
  • 6. System is in a state other than the desired state! - Incidents waiting to happen - Impacts time to recover - Impacts customers
  • 7. Drift Automation Gaps Habits Transitional Debugging Incidents
  • 8. Accept that drift happens - and manage drift mitigation 1. Automated audits 2. Drift tracking 3. Mitigation as a planned routine activity 4. Culture - reward right habits
  • 9. 1 2 3 4 Awareness of systems and operations
  • 10. Measure everything Business KPIs Config management Alerts Another product Drift feature!
  • 11. 1 2 3 4 Culture of shared accountability
  • 12. Ops Dev Working on what’s running the business Working on (wants to work on) new things Knows how the system fails Knows how the system is supposed to work Worries about TTR Wants to understand why Make TTR a shared goal!