This powerpoint contains all the content related to Chapter Three from your history textbook and what I have gone through in class with regards to Russia.

1. Authoritarian Regimes Case Study: Communist Russia

2. Rise of Communism in Russia

15. Impact of World War I and the fall of the Tsar Failure of the Provisional Government October 1917 Revolution Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War What led to the rise of Communism in Russia?

17. Impact of World War I and the fall of the Tsar February 1917: Series of strikes in the capital city, Petrograd. 12 March 1917: The Tsar ordered soldiers to put down the revolt, but the soldiers joined the striking workers instead and took over public buildings and police stations, released prisoners and looted food shops. 15 March 1917: Knowing that he had lost the support of the army and his people, the Tsar abdicated. A Provisional Government was established to run the country in place of the Tsar. The Provisional Government was to bring about a peaceful change of government in Russia, from the Tsar’s autocracy to an eventual democracy with an elected parliament. Back

21. Dimitry Moor , 1919 Proletarians of all countries, unite! Soldier, farmer and worker: the new rulers. The text 'Proletarians of all countries, unite', is taken from the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1848). The emblem of a hammer and a plough, in the red star at the centre above, is soon replaced by the familiar hammer and sickle.

23. Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War The Bolshevik’s opponents Social Revolutionaries (set up in 1901 with the aim of leading the peasants in a violent revolution against landlords and government officials) Wealthy landowners (lost their land due to the Bolsheviks) Army and navy officers (against the unfavourable terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) Monarchists Other conservatives A bitter three-year civil war was fought in Russia between the Bolsheviks and their opponents.

24. Designer unknown, 1919 A general military training is a safeguard for freedom In the years following 1917, the Soviet Union is torn by a bloody civil war between the 'Reds' (the communists) and the 'Whites'. This poster calls for the farmers to fight on the side of the Reds .

26. Nikolay Kochergin , 1920 Long live the Red Army Trampled beneath the feet of the Red Army are the defeated White generals and the idol of Mammon, symbol of capitalism.

27. In 1924, the former territories of the Russian Empire were combined to form the Moscow became the new capital of the USSR. Soviet Union or USSR . (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) The Bolshevik Party adopted a new name, the Communist Party. Communist Russia was born. Back

28. Impact of World War I and the fall of the Tsar Failure of the Provisional Government October 1917 Revolution Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War What led to the rise of Communism in Russia?

29. Critical Thinking Was the rise of Communism in Russia inevitable? Given the depths of the suffering and the disillusionment of the Russians caused by Russia’s setbacks in World War I, do you think the Russian people cared more about the political system and ideology or changes that would quickly make living conditions better for them? What if democracy had been successfully established in Russia? Could it all have turned out differently? Did democracy have a chance of succeeding?

30. Critical Thinking What were Russia’s problems? What promises did Communism hold for the Russian people?

31. End of involvement in World War I: Most Russians wanted their country to be out of World War I. This was due to the deteriorating living conditions and devastating losses on the battlefields. Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, promised to end the war. An illustration of Russians listening to a Bolshevik leader in the mid 1910s. What were Russia’s problems during that time? What promises did Communism hold for the Russian people?

32. Redistribution of land: The peasants wanted a fairer system of land redistribution. Communism advocated the equal distribution of wealth among the people in the society.

33. End to food shortages: The severe shortages of food supplies in the cities and skyrocketing prices caused great hardship to the Russian people. The Communists promised them more food.

34. Critical Thinking What was ‘the democratic leaders’ referring to? Why did it fall from power after a mere eight months? What were its failures ? Do you think that the Communists capiltalised on the Provisional Government’s failures by promising to solve that very problems that the Provisional Government failed to address? Would the Provisional Government have succeeded if they had more time?

35. Designer unknown, 1920 What the October Revolution has given to working and peasant women The woman gestures towards a library, a mensa, a workers club, a school for adults and a 'house of mother and child'. The 'October Revolution' is nowadays usually referred to as the November Revolution, due to differences in calendar systems.

36. Rise of Stalin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4A1FuPyzvQ&feature=email http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tnl-YZ3tG70&feature=email

37. Outwitted his rivals Trotsky’s weaknesses What led to the rise of Stalin? Establishment of dictatorship http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4A1FuPyzvQ&feature=email

52. What is Propaganda? Back Stalin presented himself a simple man of the people, but distinct from everyday politics by his unique role as leader.His clothing was carefully selected to cement this image.

53. Use of Propaganda Back

55. What is Propaganda? Back Study the great path of Lenin and Stalin Propaganda presented Stalin as Lenin's heir, exaggerating their relationship until the Stalin cult drained out the Lenin cult—an effect shown in posters, where at first Lenin would be the dominating figure over Stalin, but as time went on became first only equal, and then smaller.

61. Outwitted his rivals Trotsky’s weaknesses What led to the rise of Stalin? Establishment of dictatorship

62. Impact of Stalin’s Rule Crisis and Conflict: Communist Russia Copyright 2006

63. Communist Russia became an industrialised country Farms in Russia were collectivised Development of a terror state Tight control over culture What was the impact of Stalin’s regime on Communist Russia?

70. Communist Russia became an industrialised country Labour and expertise that helped fuel the development of the new industries. Foreign experts who were sympathetic to the Communist cause were hired to teach the Russians, especially in technical areas . As many more job opportunities were created, more women were employed. Farmers were also encouraged to move to the cities to work in the industries.

74. S. Mirzoyan, A. Ivanov, 1929 Help build the gigantic factories The first Five Year Plan aims to build up heavy industry from virtually nothing. This poster advertizes a state loan for the building of large factories.

75. Lyubimov, 1931 With shock labour we will ensure prompt delivery of the giants of the Five Year Plan Workers in supply companies, pictured below, have to speed up production in order to finish the large factories above in time.

76. Nikolay Dolgorukov , 1931 Full speed ahead for the fourth and final year of the Five Year Plan! The aims of the Five Year Plan are extremely high already. Then Stalin decides they have to be achieved in four years. Everything is subordinated to this, with disastrous long-turn effects.

78. Impact of industrialisation Restrictions placed on workers in the Soviet Union 1929 All factory workers had to work seven days a week. October 1930 Workers were not allowed to move around the factories during working hours. December 1930 Factories were not allowed to hire people who had left their previous jobs without permission . January 1931 Workers would be sent to prison if they broke any rules in the factories. February 1931 All factories were to keep notes on a worker’s job record.

79. Impact of industrialisation March 1931 Workers were responsible for any damage to tools. July 1932 Workers could be transferred from one place of work to another without their agreement. August 1932 Workers would be sentenced to death for stealing things from the factories, as these belonged to the government. November 1932 Workers could be dismissed if they missed a single day of work. December 1932 Workers had to make a passport for any travel within the Soviet Union.

81. Many of the new towns and industrial cities were to be built in the East, beyond the Ural Mountains. This was very different from Tsarist Russia, where all the major cities were located in West Russia. The strategic location of these industrial cities would place them beyond the reach of Western invaders, thus ensuring that production critical to any war efforts could not be easily sabotaged by the enemies.

84. Impact of industrialisation Which do these viewpoints tell you about the Russians’ general feeling about Stalin’s industrialisation programme?

85. Impact of industrialisation Which do these viewpoints tell you about the Russians’ general feeling about Stalin’s industrialisation programme?

86. Impact of industrialisation Which do these viewpoints tell you about the Russians’ general feeling about Stalin’s industrialisation programme?

88. Stalin towers over the great works of the Five Year Plan, such as the dam in the river Dnepr and the industrial complexes in Magnitogorsk and Stalinsk. Working conditions on these projects are terrible, and large numbers of political prisoners do forced labour. G. Brylov, 1933 The giants of the Five Year Plan The quote from Stalin above reads: 'The results of the Five Year Plan show that the working class is not only capable of destroying the old, but also of building the new'.

92. S. Mirzoyan, A. Ivanov, 1929 Towards the collective The collectivization of agriculture means the forced merging of small private farms into large state enterprises. Here, the private farmer is pictured as a rich saboteur, jealous of the abundant harvest of the colelctive farm. In reality, rich farmers had already been disposed of. The remaining private farms were small, owned by poor peasants. The forced collectivization caused severe food shortages for years and years.

102. Sirocenqo, 1938 Long live the great Stalin! A parade, tanks, military airplanes and soldiers: Stalin may be smiling friendly, but war preparations are in full swing.

115. Communist Russia became an industrialised country Farms in Russia were collectivised Development of a terror state Tight control over culture What was the impact of Stalin’s regime on Communist Russia?

116. Critical Thinking Did Stalin bring more harm than good to Communist Russia? Consider the viewpoints below. What were the ‘harms’ and what were the ‘goods’?

117. Critical Thinking Did Stalin bring more harm than good to Communist Russia? Consider the viewpoints below. What were the ‘harms’ and what were the ‘goods’?

118. Critical Thinking Did Stalin bring more harm than good to Communist Russia? Consider the viewpoints below. What were the ‘harms’ and what were the ‘goods’?

119. Summary Was the rise of Communism in Russia inevitable? Reasons for the rise of Communism in Russia How Stalin rose to power Impact of Stalin’s regime Industrialisation Collectivisation Purges World War I and the Tsar Failure of Provisional Government October 1917 Revolution Bolshevik victory in Russian Civil War Control of culture Outwitted his rivals Trotsky’s weaknesses Establishment of dictatorship