Conférence Open Data par où commencer ? Round table 2 How to use open data ?

Round Table 2: How to use open
data?
Moderator: Hugo Kerschot
(IS-practice, Belgium)

Agenda
• What kind of data do we publish first? Why? How?
John Keys, e-Business Officer
Manchester Digital Development Agency (United-Kingdom)

• Open data: what impact on the local authority's internal organisation?
Frédéric Romanczuk, Business Development Manager Public sector
Microsoft (France)

• Open data: Free or Fee ?
William Gilles, Director of the "Master in Administration-Companies Digital Law " at Sorbonne's
Law School, President of IMODEV (France)

• What is the platform we could use to host our open data?
Bruno Pinna, Director Cloud Computing
Bull (France)

• Open data: How to achieve interoperability?
Evangelos Arzygoukis, ICT Expert
Intrasoft (Greece)

What kind of data do we publish first?
Why? How?
John Keys
pen data. Free or Fee?
e-Business Officer at Manchester Digital Development
Agency (United-Kingdom)

What kind of data do we publish first?
• In each instance it will be different;
• Identify your priorities & ease of doing it;
• Engage with developers, residents & businesses to
define priorities;
• Personal data?
• Do it.

Why ?
• Business Case:
– Every day there are an estimated 600 staff in the public sector in Greater Manchester
looking for data, trying to access databases and converting data into single formats for
cross analysis…. Cost estimated at £8,500,000 p.a.
– 14,000 + Bus Stops 15 Bus Stations 50 + trams stops– soon to be 100 + 200 + Train
Stations 2,000 + Bus Routes 300,000,000 passenger journeys 40 + Bus Operators.
• Legislation:
– EU & National legislation coupled with the local context. Manchester’s digital strategy is
committed to making Manchester the UK exemplar for Open Data.
• Social & political:
– Improving communities & peoples lives
• Economic:
– New businesses
– More efficient ways of working

How?
• Make stuff available
• Make it structured
• Non proprietary
• Linked data
• Ecosystem – Develop & engage e.g. Hackathon
– DataGM & Open Data Manchester
– Eurocities KSF, Open Data Working Group
– Open Knowledge Foundation e.g. OK Fest

Open data: what impact on the local
authority's internal organisation?
Fee?
Frédéric Romanczuk
Business Development Manager
Public sector, Microsoft (France)

Email : fredrom@microsoft.com

Organisation modernisation
• An open data project is a way to move the
internal organisation and to review the
working process
– creates the dialog between business directions
– cross direction collaboration (IT, Comm, business)
– changes the way to get and store data

Open data. Free or Fee?

William Gilles
Associate Professor at the Sorbonne Law school
Director of the Master of Digital Law (Public sector and Firms)
President of IMODEV

Email : william.gilles@imodev.org

If you question people about the free or paying access to
public data…
the majority are going to demand a free access and re-use
Poll For free as regards both For free as regards non-
585 requesters
commercial and non- commercial re-use?
commercial re-use?

agree strongly 30,43% 49,23%

agree 20,00% 17,26%
no opinion 9,06% 7,86%

disagree 16,75% 6,50%

disagree strongly 11,28% 7,86%

Source : UE, 2010

William Gilles – Email : william.gilles@imodev.org
Issy-les-Moulineaux – 5th October 2012

… and a majority is hostile to fees
…. except if re-users are charged at marginal cost.
Charges based on Charges based on full cost Charges based Charging at marginal
Poll full cost recovery, recovery? on partial cost costs for reproducing
585 requesters together with a recovery? and disseminating the
reasonable return documents?
on investment? (PSI 2003 reviewed)
(PSI 2003)

agree strongly 3,76% 3,25% 2,56% 12,82%

agree 6,32% 9,57% 12,99% 26,67%
no opinion 4,62% 5,30% 9,74% 10,26%

disagree 24,27% 31,11% 29,91% 19,49%

disagree strongly 46,84% 35,90% 27,52% 16,58%

Source : UE, 2010


Beyond the poll…

Reality is much more complex


3 Questions on the Possibility of Charging or Not the Access
and the Re-use of the Public Sector Information

• What?
– The Concepts?
• Open Data, Public Sector Information, Free Access, Fee Access, Open
Access
– The Scope ?
• What data are concerned?
• Why?
– The Reasons
• Why might you have a Free or a Fee Access and Re-Use of Public
Sector Information?
• How?
– The modalities
• If local governments choose a Fee or a Free Access and Re-Use, how
can do develop their open data policy.

What? The concepts. The scope
What legal framework?

 If we make something free or charged,
• What does it concern ?
• And what is the legal framework ?
– Local governements will be allowed to make money with their
data only if they have the right to do that!

 Indeed, this conference treats with Open Data
• But there is no « Open Data Legal Framework » itself.
• However we can refer to the Public Sector Information
(PSI) Directive of 2003… and to its transposition at national
level
– i.e. : ord. 6 june 2005 (France)

What?
There is no one data, but several data.
 When we wonder about the possibility to charge the access
or re-use of data, we should make a distinction between :
– “Public Sector Information”
The PSI directive deals with the concept of “information”, not with
data.
• Data are part of information
• but information are more than a simple data :
– “Information corresponds to a set of contextualised and structured
data, the producer’s intention being to make them meaningful”. Cf. J. Pénin (coord.), BETA

– “Raw Data” ≠ Structured, contextualised or commented
data
– Good Quality Data ≠ without quality data

– Formatted data ≠ Unformatted data

What?
Open data, access and re-use.

• We should also make a distinction between
Open Data, Access and Re-Use
– Access is not the re-use of data
– Free access or re-use is not synonym to “open
access or re-use”
– A paid access or re-use does not give all rights to
the one who accepts to pay


4 extreme models
Free Fee
Access or Re-Use 1 2
without conditions
Access or Re-Use 3 4
with conditions
– Free access and re-use without (real) conditions for the re-use
• apparently the most favorable model for re-users
– Free access or re-use with conditions for the re-use
• the re-user has to respect more or less strong condition in the license
– Access or re-use with Fee and conditions for the re-use
• the re-user has to pay but should also respect more or less strong conditions in
the license
– Access and re-use without fee and without (real) conditions for the re-
use:
• the re-user will have more rights for the re-using because he/she has accepted
to pay (even selling of public data that have already been bought)


4 extreme models
with intermediate models…
FREE FEE
… Because
there is no Free policy can be Fees can be calculated
promoted
one but
as regards non- on full cost recovery (no)
several commercial re-
possibilities use on partial cost recovery (no)
to charge or as regards both on full cost recovery, together with a reasonable
not the cost commercial and return on investment (PSI 2003)
of public non-commercial at marginal costs for reproducing and
data. re-use disseminating the documents (Next PSI
Directive)


Another distinction is the difference between Data
concerned by the 2003 PSI Directive # Data excluded from
this scope
• Data concerned by the 2003 PSI Directive:
– Private ≠ Public data corresponds to all the information produced, collected
or paid by public bodies.
• For instance: geographical data, statistics, meteorological data, data from publicly
funded research projects, and digitalized books from libraries

• But the scope of the current Directive (of 2003) is restricted.
– Data excluded from the scope of the PSI Directive of 2003 are ruled by the
common law (copyright) :
• Bodies of industrial or commercial character, e.g. public transport authorities;
• Educational and research establishments,
• Performing cultural institutions such as operas, ballets and theatres as well as public
service broadcasters, as there may be issues related to intellectual property rights.

• New possibilities should be offered with the review of the Directive :
• New bodies such as libraries (including university libraries), museums and archives
• Limitation of fees (marginal cost)


Why? The Reasons : Free or Fees?

• Why should we have a Free Access and Re-Use of
Public Sector Information?
– No doubt to make a Free Access.
• According to me, the question of Fee concerns only the re-
use of data, not the access.
• Transparency
– Question is about the re-use even in if this case, the
free re-use should be the rule according to advantages
• Development of the economy
• New public services


Why? The Reasons : Free of Fees?

• Why might we have a re-use of Public Sector
Information with fees?
– Nothing is free !
• Better to say : re-use without fees
• To say that it has already been paid by taxes is not a
good argument.
• Possibility for local government to earn money and
optimize their intangible assets
– But fee can also have disadvantage and be a
barrier to the development of the digital economy

How? Modalities of Data Access and Re-
use: Free or Fees?
 Several questions about the modalities:
– Is the open data policy opposite to the optimization and
the valuation of the public data?
• Small and medium local governments can have some difficulties to
support the cost of the open data policy
• The more local government will participate in this policy, the more
the open data revolution will be important.
• Charging the cost of data (at marginal cost) can be a way to
encourage local government to open their data (at least at the
beginning).

– If there are fees, how could we do to prevent barriers in
the deployment of the open data policy?
• When it is not free, charging at marginal costs seems to be the
future in order to discourage government to fix prohibitive fees.

Another question is also who?
 We should make a distinction between Re-Users:
 For instance: Non-profit re-user ≠ Profit re-users / Commercial re-
users ≠ Non commercial re-users
 A distinction between big enterprises and small and medium-size
enterprises seems more complicated

 We should make a distinction between local governments and
central governments
 USA : Federal level : free ≠ Local governments can charge the cost

 We should make a distinction between data:
 Somme data have more value than others.
 The economic sector is sometime ready to pay a high price for these
data.
 Therefore, why refusing in that case this money?

In conclusion
• So, there is no unique rule but several
possibilities which depend on circumstances.
• It is possible to envisage complex solutions
combining, according to situations,:
– Free access,
– Fees,
– And also alternative solutions such as imposing to
the re-user counterparties in exchange for the
provision of public data.

What is the platform we could use to
host our open data?
Bruno Pinna
Director Cloud Computing, Bull

Email : bruno.pinna@bull.net

How to achieve interoperability?

Evangelos Argyzoudis
ICT Expert, Intrasoft (Luxemburg)

Email : evangelos.argyzoudis@intrasoft-intl.com

Outline
• Vision for interoperability

• Problem statement

• Challenges and solutions

• The Citadel On the Move approach

Vision
• Improve public sector data interoperability
– Across member states
– Within member states
• European governments being open, flexible
and collaborative in their relations with
citizens and businesses (Malmö Vision)
• Common architecture (Citadel statement, ISA
– EIA action)

Problem statement
• EU Directive on re-use of PSI
– 27 Member States implement the directive
– A lot of data published by public authorities

• But...
– In what format?
– No real focus on access to citizens or businesses
– Interoperability (nationally or internationally) not
yet a core consideration

Problem statement
Tasks Distribution

Pricing and
Availability
Data
Policy Makers
Providers
Direction and
Regulation
Innovation Scope and Impact and Adaptation, Access and
Conditions Requirements Specialisation Acquisition
Social Technological
Productisation
Business/ Servification
Application
Citizen
Developers
Communities Data and
Purpose

Utilisation
Dr. Franscesco Molinari (Alfamicro)

Challenges & Solutions
• Semantic
– Lack of (common) semantics
– Common data/meta-data models
– Core vocabularies
– CITADEL, ENGAGE

• Technological
– Ways to upload, download, maintain datasets exist
– Ways to search, link, visualise, use in applications also exist
– Infrastructures
– Semantic Web “stack” of standard technologies
– Joinup platform, ISA programme, LOD2, CITADEL

• Legal/policy
– Licensing
– Contractual and intellectual property rights associated with the data
– LAPSI project, ISA programme, ePractice.eu, +Spaces, WeGov, CITADEL

Challenges & Solutions
• Privacy
– Personal, health, financial data, national security etc
– epSOS

• Language
– eGovernment services provided internationally poses challenges
– CITADEL, ENGAGE

• Data Quality, Evolution, Provenance
– Is the data we find of appropriate quality? Has it changed and how?
Who owns it?
– DIACHRON

• Financial
– Cost of publishing data in a way which facilitates interoperability
– What happens to data which has already been published?

Within the context of
Citadel... On the Move
• CITADEL will provide:
– application templates to facilitate apps/services
development by citizens (non-professional developers)
– a repository of data and tools to facilitate finding and
retrieving the right data (Open Data Commons, Citadel
Hub)
• Will create communities of citizen developers
• Will use (at first) existing datasets published by PAs in
Athens, Manchester, Issy, Ghent
• An application created in Issy must be re-usable in
Ghent

Within the context of
Citadel... On the Move
Application Scenarios in Pilot Cities

Template Template Template Template
Semantic
1 2 3 ...n
Patterns

Open Data Commons API

?
Query
Plug
Recording Data
Dump API

Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset
1 2 3 4 ...n

TXT, CSV, IoT Feeds, XML, KML, RDF, JPG, INSPIRE, MP3, SQL, NoSQL...

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