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HSTORICAL LINGUISTICS GENERAL LINGUISTICS
Branches of linguistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Historical and descriptive linguistics ,[object Object]
Domain of historic linguistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interdependency of diachronic and synchronic linguistics ,[object Object]
LANGUAGE CHANGE   ,[object Object]
HISTORCAL BACGROUND 1- Antiquity  and the middle ages ,[object Object]
2-The Renaissance ,[object Object]
3-The twentieth century ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Historical linguistics today   ,[object Object]
PRINCIPLES OF THE HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC ENQUIRY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Substance of change ,[object Object]
Why do languages change? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The concept of language inferiority  ,[object Object]
Why do languages change? ,[object Object]
Aims and scope of historical linguistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
COGNATES ,[object Object]
DIALECTS ,[object Object],[object Object]
Extension or broadening of meaning  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Semantic narrowing  ,[object Object]
Grammaticalization  ,[object Object]
speaker’s evaluation  ,[object Object],[object Object]
speaker’s evaluation  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Borrowing of words  ,[object Object]
Why these semantic changes occur? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Linguistic factors  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Grammatical Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Language Typology; isolating, agglutinating, and inflecting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Syntactic Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sound change ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Vowels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Consonants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],A sound in which the position of the tongue is fronted towards the hard palate,  e.g. As in the change from  [u] > [y] or  of  [o] > [e] was frequent in old English.  It is still reflected in the vowel alteration of pairs such as  English  mouse – mice,  foot – feet,  Where the vowel in the second forms was palatalize by an [ i ]
velarization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monothongization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Change in Manner of Articulation in relation to consonants  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Phonetic Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lenition ,[object Object],[object Object]
Assimilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dissimilation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Phonemic Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chain Shift ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CONCLUSION ,[object Object]

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