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Digitization Of Historic Museum Collections Of Taiwan Deposited In Foreign Counties (Nx Power Lite) Final
1. Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries Arrival in Bankinsing Augustine Henry Bunzo Hayata Dr. Chang-Fu, Hsieh National Taiwan university Dr. T.Y. Aleck Yang* National Museum of Natural Science
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3. Main objective To collect contents about Taiwan that had been scattered overseas for many years. These collections include a variety of specimens, ranging from anthropology, botany to zoology, and they provide cultural data and biodiversity information of Taiwan more than 150 years. Introduction South Cape in 1882
4. Institutes involved: Academia Sinica National Museum of Natural Science National Taiwan University There are 7 subprojects under the project. Introduction Project scheme
5. The original specimen from which the description of a new species is made is known as type specimen , which should be preserved forever . Since they are considered permanent reference specimens, types are the most important specimens in a herbarium. What is type specimen? Epilobium nankotaizanense Introduction
6. Cunninghamia konishii Hayata , Gard. Chron. III. 43: 194. 1908. Type specimen Introduction Specimen label
7. Cunninghamia konishii Hayata , Gard. Chron. III. 43: 194. 1908. Original publication for the new species Introduction
8. Kyushu University Museum (KUM, Japan) The Hokkaido University Museum (HUM, Japan) Nishinomiya Shell Museum (Japan) Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (NMW) Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) Deutsche Entomologische Institut (DEI, Germany) The British Museum (UK) Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University (MCZ, USA) Bernice P. Bishop Museum (USA) Foreign museums and institutions of zoology visited Project achievements
9. Naturhistorisches Museum Vienna (NMW) Foreign museums and institutions of zoology visited Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) Project achievements
10. The Herbarium of Tokyo University (TI, Japan) Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (Japan) V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Paris Phanérogamie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle London Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK), Foreign herbaria visited Project achievements
14. The first botanical collections from Taiwan (Formosa) were made by Robert Fortune (Scottish botanist). He visited Formosa in 1854 on the American ship "Confucius", and landed in "Tamshuy“ of northern Taiwan. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Sidewheel paddle steamer "Confucius", 1852
15. Robert Fortune collected Rice paper plant ( Aralia papyrifera) and lily Aralia papyrifera Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
17. Charles Wilford ( Collector, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) In June and July 1858 they participated in the circumnavigation of Formosa on board HMS Inflexible, and collected a formidable number of animal and plant specimens. Robert Swinhoe (British consul and naturalist) HMS Inflexible wood paddle sloop ( 24 May 1845) Swinhoe, R. 1864. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 34: p. 6 Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
18. Tripterygium wilfordii 雷公藤 Cocculus cuneatus 鐵牛入石 Sedum formosanum 台灣佛甲草 Lysimachia acroadenia 台灣珍珠菜 Ehretia formosana 恆春厚殼樹 Helicia formosana 山龍眼 Callicarpa formosana 杜虹花 Gelonium aequorum 白樹仔 ( 採自打狗 ) Asplenium wilfordii 威氏鐵角蕨 Wilford’s specimens were deposited at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Duplicates were distributed to the principal herbaria of Europe (e.g., Bot. Garden, St. Petersb.) Some of the new species found by Wilford: Sedum formosanum Asplenium wilfordii Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
19. Tripterygium wilfordii 雷公藤 Famous Chinese Herbal Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
20. British Consulate at Taiwan-fu (Tainan) photographed in 1860s (Pickering :'Pioneering in Formosa') Robert Swinhoe 1856, 1858, 1861-1866 (British vice-consul and consul) Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Swinhoe was one of the most successful exploring naturalists.
21. Laportea pterostigma Wedd. 咬人狗 Sabia swinhoei Hemsl. 台灣清風藤 Rubus swinhoei Hance 斯氏懸鉤子 Boea swinhoei Hance 旋莢木 Ficus swinhoei King 山豬枷 Robert Swinhoe published a list of plants in 1863, enumerating 246 species. The specimens were deposited at Kew. Some of the new species found by Swinhoe: Laportea pterostigma Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
22. William A. Pickering, 1865. Pioneering in Formosa. Takao (Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan) in 1865 (rising to the left is Ape's Hill). One of the main specimen collection areas. 'S S Clover' or Dent & Co's opium receiving ship, 'Ternate', an old Dutch frigate. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
23. Takao (Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan) in 1875, with some Formosan date ( Phoenix hanceana Naudin 臺灣海棗 ) . Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
24. Exploration around the Kaohsiung Lagoon during Swinhoe's time. One of the main specimen collection areas. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
25. Richard Oldham (collector, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) Richard Oldham explored northern Formosa ( Tansui and Kelung ) in 1864. He collected 600 species and sent all specimens to Kew. Oldham's collections were studied mainly by Hance as well as by Maximowicz. Some of the new species found by Oldham: Liquidambar formosana 楓香 Rhododendron oldhamii 金毛杜鵑 Bambusa oldhamii Munro 綠竹 Titanotrichum oldhamii 俄氏草 Saurauja oldhamii 水冬瓜 Freycinetia formosana 山林投 Chloranthus oldhamii 臺灣及己 Diospyros oldhamii Maxim. 俄氏柿 Scolopia oldhamii 魯花樹 Daphniphyllum glaucescens subsp. oldhamii 奧氏虎皮楠 Tamsui in 1874 Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
26. Rhododendron oldhamii 金毛杜鵑 This species was introduced to gardens by Charles Maries who sent seeds to Messrs Veitch in 1878. Plants raised from these seeds were exhibited in London in the spring of 1882. Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries
27. Liquidambar formosana 楓香 Formosa Sweetgum A genus of four species. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
29. In 1892-1895 Dr. Henry made large collections at Takow, Bankinsing and South Cape in 1892-1895 . Duplicates to over 2000 numbers have been sent to Kew, comprising about 1000 species in all. Some of the duplicates were distributed to other herbaria in various parts of the world. Augustine Henry (Irish plantsman) Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
30. Takao, Bankinsing and South Cape. "Carte de L'ile Formose." 1893. Map. By C. Imbault-Huart, Consul of France. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
31. Wanchin church in 1870 Dr. Henry was stationed at Bankinsing (Wanchin) church, 30 miles east of Takow. Arrival in Bankinsing Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
32. Bankimcheng in 1877 Dr. Henry employed native collectors at the village of Bankinsing. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
33. Wanchin church in 2009 Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
34. South Cape in 1882 － South Cape (the southernmost Taiwan) has plenty of tropical plants. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
35. Specimen collected by Henry at Bankinsing, No. 123 Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
36. In 1896 Dr. Henry published a comprehensive list of lowland plants: “ A List of Plants from Formosa” containing 1,288 species of flowering plants. Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 24, supplement (December 1896): 1-118. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
37. A List of Plants from Formosa Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)
44. Staff in P Curator of Herbier historiques － Dr. Gérard Aymonin; Curator of Aisa Area － Dr. Sovanmoly Hul Staff of Type image of Ferns Project － Mr. Vincent
61. In the first phase (1906-1911), Japanese made an extensive botanical survey of the whole island, and the specimens were mainly preserved in Japan . The results of this research were published as: “ A List of Plants from Formosa ” by Kawakami (1910) “ Enumeratio Plantarum Formosanarum ” by Matsumura and Hayata (1906) “ Flora Montana Formosae ” by Hayata (1908) “ Materials for a Flora of Formosa ” by Hayata (1911) “ Icones Plantarum Formosanarum , I-X, by Hayata (1911-1921) Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1896-1921)
63. Bunzo Hayata (1874-1934) Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1896-1921) Flora Montana Formosae (1908) Enumerated 392 species.
64. Bunzo Hayata (1874-1934) Hayata published various works and among them was the monumental “Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, I-X”, 1911-1921. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1896-1921)
65. Bunzo Hayata (1874-1934) Hayata discovered approximately 2,300 new records from Taiwan, among them 1,200 were new species . Most of the type specimens were deposited in Tokyo University . Hayata collected specimens at Taroko Gorge in 1917. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1896-1921)
66. About 3,000 type specimens for 1,500 species and innumerable non-type specimens of Taiwan’s plants are deposited in the TI Herbarium of Tokyo University. These historical material from Taiwan derives from important early Japanese, particularly U. Mori, E. Matsuda, T. Kawakami, and B. Hayata in 1896-1920 . Other early Japaneses collectors well-represented include Y. Shimada, T. Makino, R. Kanehira, G. Nakahara and S. Konishi . Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1896-1921)
67. The specimens of the TI herbarium are presently located at two different sites: Herbarium of the University Museum Herbarium of the Botanical Gardens (Koishikawa) Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan
68. Facilities provided by the herbarium included a reversed EPSON ES-10000G scanner. Eriocaulon nantoense Hayata Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan
69. High resolution camera (24.6 megapixels of resolution ) Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan
70. The type specimens of Musa insularimontana Hayata and related documents. Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan
71. Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History houses 78 precious Orchid type specimens and more than 1,000 orchid specimens, collected around Taiwan by Noriaki Fukuyama, Tokio Suzuki, Syuniti Sasaki, and Genkei Masamune. These specimens are Taiwan’s most valuable assets in the earliest time. Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan
72. 正宗嚴敬 Genkei Masamune (1899-1993) Genkei Masamune (1899-1993) Noriaki Fukuyama (1912-1946) Genkei Masamune was a professor in the Taihoku Imperial University in 1929-1943. Noriaki Fukuyama was an assistant (1934-1941) in the TAI Herbarium. He collected a lots of orchid specimens from Taiwan, Liuchiu and Micronesia. Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan
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