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Recovering Information
 from Deleted Security
     E vent Logs
                    Troy Larson
    Senior Forensic Investigator
          Microsoft Corporation
Introduction
?   How to find and recover useful information
    from deleted security event logs (fragments).
      ?   Considering initial search strings.
      ?   Identifying and reading event log internals.
      ?   Making refined and targeted search terms.
Windows Event Log Basics

?   What the Event Viewer displays as an event
    log is actually a construct of:
      ?   An event log file (*.evt).
      ?   The registry.
      ?   “Message files.”
      ?   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE  SYSTEM
          ControlSet001 Services  Eventlog
*.evt + Registry + Message = Log
Security Event Log- Event Viewer
SecEvent.evt
Security E vent Log Recovery
? Much  of the important event information in the
 Security event log is contained within the
 SecEvent.evt file itself.
  ? Event   ID
  ? User

  ? Computer

? The  Security Event Log relies less on message
 files than System and Application Event logs.
Finding SecEvent.evt fragments
Finding SecEvent.evt fragments
? Search   for text strings.
  ? Computer name: “REX ”

  ? Event log name: “Security”

  ? “LfLe” or 0x 4C 66 4C 65 (Record Header?)
  ? Other terms: “MSGina,” “AUTHENTICATION,”
    etc.
? Note:   Terms are in Unicode (except LfLe).
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
? Microsoft   documentation:
  ? MSDN online library: “EVENTLOGRECORD”
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
      DWORD               Length                    4 Bytes
      DWORD               Reserved                  4 Bytes
      DWORD               Record Number             4 Bytes
      DWORD               Time Generated            4 Bytes
      DWORD               Time Written              4 Bytes
      DWORD               Event ID                  4 Bytes
      WORD                Event Type                2 Bytes
      WORD                NumStrings                2 Bytes
      WORD                Event Category            2 Bytes
      WORD                Reserved Flags            2 Bytes
      DWORD               Closing Record Num.       4 Bytes
      DWORD               String Offset             4 Bytes
      DWORD               User Sid Length           4 Bytes
      DWORD               User Sid Offset           4 Bytes
      DWORD               Data Length               4 Bytes
      DWORD               Data Offset               4 Bytes

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en- us/debug/base/ eventlogrecord_str.asp
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
          Length = 4 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
                Length = 4 Bytes

29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42


             0x B0 00 00 00 = 176
             Length = 176 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
         Length = 176 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
             Next 4 Bytes Reserved
29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42


           0x 4C 66 4C 65 = L fLe
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
        Next 4 Bytes Reserved
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
       Record Number = 4 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
          Record Number = 4 Bytes

29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42


         0x FA F5 05 00 = 390650
         Record Number = 390650
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
          Record Numbers
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
  Time Generated = 4 Bytes, Time Written = 4 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
• Time Generated = 4 Bytes
• Time Written = 4 Bytes
  29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42
  29497056 | AA 54 1D 42


0x AA 54 1D 42 = 2/ 24/ 2005 04:14:34 UTC
  Must convert time values to local time.
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
  Time Generated = 4 Bytes, Time Written = 4 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
         Event ID = 4 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
                  Event ID = 4 Bytes
 29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42
 29497056 | AA 54 1D 42 11 02 00 00


                0x 11 02 00 00 = 529
                  E vent ID = 529
 Event ID 529 Unknown User Name Or Bad
                 Password
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid= kb;en- us;174074
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
        String Offset = 4 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
             String Offset = 4 Bytes
29497072 | 00 00 00 00 5E 00 00 00 0C 00 00 00 52 00 00 00


              0x 5E 00 00 00 = 94
               String Offset = 94
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
        String Offset = 94 Bytes
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
    Refining and targeting search terms
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments
    Refining and targeting search terms
Reading SecE vent.evt fragments

   Refining and targeting search terms.
   ?   User Names in Unicode
   ?   Domain names in Unicode
   ?   IP Addresses in Unicode
   ?   Event IDs in Hex
   ?   Time stamps in Hex
Recovering Information from
Deleted Security E vent Logs


     Questions?
              Troy Larson
        troyla@ microsoft.com

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Recovering Information From Deleted Security Event Logs Ctin

  • 1. Recovering Information from Deleted Security E vent Logs Troy Larson Senior Forensic Investigator Microsoft Corporation
  • 2. Introduction ? How to find and recover useful information from deleted security event logs (fragments). ? Considering initial search strings. ? Identifying and reading event log internals. ? Making refined and targeted search terms.
  • 3. Windows Event Log Basics ? What the Event Viewer displays as an event log is actually a construct of: ? An event log file (*.evt). ? The registry. ? “Message files.” ? HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM ControlSet001 Services Eventlog
  • 4. *.evt + Registry + Message = Log
  • 5. Security Event Log- Event Viewer
  • 7. Security E vent Log Recovery ? Much of the important event information in the Security event log is contained within the SecEvent.evt file itself. ? Event ID ? User ? Computer ? The Security Event Log relies less on message files than System and Application Event logs.
  • 9. Finding SecEvent.evt fragments ? Search for text strings. ? Computer name: “REX ” ? Event log name: “Security” ? “LfLe” or 0x 4C 66 4C 65 (Record Header?) ? Other terms: “MSGina,” “AUTHENTICATION,” etc. ? Note: Terms are in Unicode (except LfLe).
  • 10. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments ? Microsoft documentation: ? MSDN online library: “EVENTLOGRECORD”
  • 11. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments DWORD Length 4 Bytes DWORD Reserved 4 Bytes DWORD Record Number 4 Bytes DWORD Time Generated 4 Bytes DWORD Time Written 4 Bytes DWORD Event ID 4 Bytes WORD Event Type 2 Bytes WORD NumStrings 2 Bytes WORD Event Category 2 Bytes WORD Reserved Flags 2 Bytes DWORD Closing Record Num. 4 Bytes DWORD String Offset 4 Bytes DWORD User Sid Length 4 Bytes DWORD User Sid Offset 4 Bytes DWORD Data Length 4 Bytes DWORD Data Offset 4 Bytes http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en- us/debug/base/ eventlogrecord_str.asp
  • 12. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Length = 4 Bytes
  • 13. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Length = 4 Bytes 29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42 0x B0 00 00 00 = 176 Length = 176 Bytes
  • 14. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Length = 176 Bytes
  • 15. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Next 4 Bytes Reserved 29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42 0x 4C 66 4C 65 = L fLe
  • 16. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Next 4 Bytes Reserved
  • 17. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Record Number = 4 Bytes
  • 18. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Record Number = 4 Bytes 29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42 0x FA F5 05 00 = 390650 Record Number = 390650
  • 19. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Record Numbers
  • 20. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Time Generated = 4 Bytes, Time Written = 4 Bytes
  • 21. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments • Time Generated = 4 Bytes • Time Written = 4 Bytes 29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42 29497056 | AA 54 1D 42 0x AA 54 1D 42 = 2/ 24/ 2005 04:14:34 UTC Must convert time values to local time.
  • 22. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Time Generated = 4 Bytes, Time Written = 4 Bytes
  • 23. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Event ID = 4 Bytes
  • 24. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Event ID = 4 Bytes 29497040 | B0 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 FA F5 05 00 AA 54 1D 42 29497056 | AA 54 1D 42 11 02 00 00 0x 11 02 00 00 = 529 E vent ID = 529 Event ID 529 Unknown User Name Or Bad Password http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid= kb;en- us;174074
  • 25. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments String Offset = 4 Bytes
  • 26. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments String Offset = 4 Bytes 29497072 | 00 00 00 00 5E 00 00 00 0C 00 00 00 52 00 00 00 0x 5E 00 00 00 = 94 String Offset = 94
  • 27. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments String Offset = 94 Bytes
  • 28. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Refining and targeting search terms
  • 29. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Refining and targeting search terms
  • 30. Reading SecE vent.evt fragments Refining and targeting search terms. ? User Names in Unicode ? Domain names in Unicode ? IP Addresses in Unicode ? Event IDs in Hex ? Time stamps in Hex
  • 31. Recovering Information from Deleted Security E vent Logs Questions? Troy Larson troyla@ microsoft.com