4. Conflict
⢠The Primary struggle
between the main
character or
characters and an
adverse character,
group or force
⢠Internal Conflict
â A struggle between a
character and
him/herself
⢠External Conflict
â A struggle between a
character and an
outside force.
⢠Man vs. Man
⢠Man vs. Nature
⢠Man vs. Supernatural
⢠Man vs. Society
5. Main characters
⢠Protagonist
â MAIN CHARACTER
of the story
â Often, hero or character
the audience is
supposed to feel most
sympathetic for
⢠Antagonist
â primary adversary of
the protagonist
â Sometimes the villain
7. Suspense
⢠The uncertainty or anxiety that a reader
feels about what will happen in a story
â Foreshadowing
â Dilemma
â Mystery
â Reversal
9. Dilemma
⢠A character that we
care about is in peril
or must choose
between two
dangerous courses of
action
10. Mystery
⢠The creation of
suspense by
withholding
information or by
presenting unusual
circumstances
11. Reversal
⢠A sudden change in a
characterâs situation
from good to bad or
vice versa
12. Climax and Resolution
⢠Climax
â The most exciting point
in the story, when the
conflict is decided
⢠Resolution
â The conflict is resolved
(positively or negatively)
and the story is brought
to a close
â Also know as
âDenouementâ
13. Characterization
⢠The technique used by a writer
to create and reveal the
personalities of the characters
in a written work. This may be
done by:
⢠Direct Characterization
â The author directly states
aspects of the characterâs
personality
⢠Indirect Characterization
â describing the characterâs
physical appearance and
situation,
â revealing a characters
thoughts, or
â showing the reaction of other
characters.
14. Types of Characters
⢠Flat Character
â shows only one trait
⢠Round Character
â Shows many different traits, good and bad
⢠Static Character
â character does not change through the course of the
story
⢠Dynamic Character
â character develops and grows during the course of the
story
16. Theme
⢠The underlying meaning
of a literary work.
⢠This differs from the
subject in that it involves
a statement of opinion
about that subject.
⢠The theme may be stated
or implied.
⢠Not every literary work
has a theme, and some
have more than one
17. Point of View
⢠The relationship
between the narrator
of a story and the
characters in it
⢠Narrator is NOT the
same as author
⢠Types of POV:
â First Person
â Third Person,
Omniscient
â Third Person, Limited
Omniscient
â Third Person,
Objective
18. P.O.V. continued
⢠First Person
â The narrator offers a
personal account of their
own experiences or
describes what happens to
other characters as the
narrator sees it
⢠Third Person
â The narrator stands outside
the action (non-
participatory) and presents
⢠Omniscient
â (all-knowing) point of
view
â Can see the thoughts &
emotions of all (or
numerous) characters
⢠Limited Omniscient
â focuses on one characterâs
thoughts and viewpoints
⢠Objective
â Describes only what can be
seen
â âReporter styleâ
19. Irony
⢠Irony: differences in appearance and reality, or
expectations and results, or meaning and
intention
â Dramatic Irony:
⢠a contradiction between what a character thinks and what the
reader or audience knows to be true
â Situational Irony:
⢠an event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of
the characters, readers, or audience
â Verbal Irony:
⢠words are used to suggest the opposite of what is meant (i.e.
sarcasm, double-entendre, etc.)