1. Determinants of technology adoption: what
do we know, and what do we need to learn?
CSISA Kathmandu Meeting
January 24 (Wednesday), 2013

2. Objectives of Adoption Studies
1. Explain Rationale for CSISA Technologies
2. Describe CSISA Activities on Technology Adoption by using Hub-based
data
a) To describe CSISA activities on technology adoption
b) To contribute to data management
3. Identify constraints to adoption and evaluate the impacts
a) To present ex-ante analyses for scaling-up activities with
counterparts
b) To provide impact estimations

3. Key Technologies
1. DSR
2. Machine Transplanting of Rice
3. Zero Tillage Wheat
4. Lazar Land Labeling

4. Major problems in adopting DSR
1. Weeding (high labor costs of weeding)
2. Limited access to irrigation at the time of sawing
3. Access to service providers
What will we do?
Conduct a dis-adoption study among know (i.e., listed) DSR users
in UP and Bihar
1. About 300 farmers in UP and Bihar
2. In February – March, 2013
3. May extend the survey to non-listed farmers or move on to
another technology, such as Machine Transplanting Rice

5. List of DSR users at UP Hub
DSR users
600
DSR Users who are listed at UP Hub
500
400
300
200
100
0
2009 2010 2011 2012
The total number of listed DSR plots is 1,444;
The total number of farmer-year is 1283;
32 farmers appear more than 2 times, leaving the total number of (distinct)
farmers at 1283

6. 600
Maharajganji
500
Number of Listed DSR Users
E. Champaran
400 Deoria
Kushinagar
300
200
100
0
2009 2010 2011 2012

7. Farmers who applied DSR in Eastern UP
By Year
All
2009 2010 2011 2012
Number of rice farmers
Maharajganji 17 12 5
Deoria 255 24 173 58
E. Champaran 112 50 13 49
Kushinagar 899 95 173 177 454
Total 1,283 95 259 363 566

8. Expected Outputs

9. Example of Ex-ante Analysis: Swarna Sub 1
tons/ha
Swarna Swarna sub1
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
No Submergence 1 to 7 days 8 to 14 days 15 days & longer
Figure 1. Yields of Swarna and Swarna Sub 1 under Submergence in Eastern India
Expected Gain from adopting Swarna Sub 1 from Swarna
E(Gain) = Pr(S0) x YA0 + Pr(S1-7) x YA1-7 + Pr(S8-15) x YA8-15

10. Figure 2. Expected Gains (kgs per ha) from Adopting Swarna Sub 1

11. Timeline
1. Conducting Surveys in UP in Feb 2013
2. Conducting Surveys in UP in early March 2013
3. Quickly produce briefs in April-May
4. One more study before planting
5. Another study after planting

12. Technology Adoption: Theory of Planned Behavior
Opinions of opinion
leaders, change
Subjective Norm agents, neighbors, etc.
Attitude Adoption
Profits, yields, etc.
Perceived Behavioral Can I adopt the technology?
Can I change my farming practices?
Control

13. Examples from Swarna Sub 1 Users and Neighbors
I consider myself as a progressive farmer
Neighbors
Original Users
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Other farmers ask my opinions about
agricultural technologies
Neighbors
Original Users
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Do psychological constructs affect continuous use of DSR? Can we influence
farmers’ psychological constructs?