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Standards to Enable
an Open Learning
Ecosystem
Dr. Charles Severance
University of Michigan School of Information
IMS Global Learning Consortium
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
Disclaimer
What I am about to talk about is not an official direction or position of the
University of Michigan, Longsight, nor IMS Global.
#NercompPDO4
A Three-Act Play
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-act_structure
#NercompPDO4
A Three-Act Play
1.Meet the characters. Something happens to
the protagonist. Their solution makes
things worse.
2.Rising action. Each new attempt at a
solution makes things worse. Character
must grow or learn – helped by others.
3.The plot and sub-plots are resolved. The
climax is the most intense moment when
the main question is answered.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-act_structure
#NercompPDO4
A Three-Act LMS
Play
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-act_structure
#NercompPDO4
Act I – Lone Prospectors
http://mfeldstein.com/back-to-the-future-looking-at-lms-forecasts-from-2011-2014/
#NercompPDO4
Foreshadowing
Blackboard Learn reaches is maximum market share in 2005
#NercompPDO4
Act I - Summary
#NercompPDO4
Act II Starts – Gold Rush
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
Forward. Together. Better.
D'Arcy Norman's Law of
eLearning Tool Convergence
Any eLearning tool, no matter
how openly designed, will
eventually become
indistinguishable from a
Learning Management
System once a threshold of
supported use-cases has
been reached.
http://darcynorman.net/2013/02/15/normans-law-of-elearning-tool-convergence/
#NercompPDO4
Team Sakai (2004)
#NercompPDO4
A Three-Act LMS
Play
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-act_structure
#NercompPDO4
IMS TI Begins
Brainstorming at IMS Meeting in Denver 2004-10-
19
#NercompPDO4
Apple Booth @ Educause
2005 (and 2006)
#NercompPDO4
Colleagues:
It looks like we have about 25 individuals (give or take) attending the
SCP/SCA/Board meeting on 4/27/2005 from 1-5 pm. This includes the
Board (9). See list below. At this point, I'd rather not invite any more
people.
Textbook Publishers Invited/Attending...............................................
Allen Noren, O'Reilly & Associates -- ATTENDING
Ray Henderson, Pearson Education -- ATTENDING
Schoen, Steve, Thomson Higher Education -- ATTENDING
David Serbun, Houghton Mifflin Company -- ATTENDING
Jonathan Stowe, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. -- ATTENDING
Glenn Kammen, Intelecom -- ATTENDING
Vivian 'Vivie' Sinou
Dean, Distance & Mediated Learning
Foothill College
Publisher Meeting @ Stanford
#NercompPDO4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOvNDey2QLI
#NercompPDO4
June 21, 2006
IMS Alt-I-Lab
Indianapolis, IN
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
Patent Wars
#NercompPDO4
Patent Resolved
• Open Source – February 2007
• Desire2Learn – December 2009
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
Standards Completed
• IMS Tools Interoperability – Feb 28,
2006
• IMS Common Cartridge 1.0 – October
2008
• IMS LTI 1.0 – June 15, 2010
• IMS Common Cartridge 1.1 – May 2011
• IMS LTI 1.1 – August 2012
#NercompPDO4 24
2015 to date only
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
IMS Global Conformance
Certification Growth
New Conformance
Certifications Granted During
Year
#NercompPDO4
A Three-Act LMS
Play
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-act_structure
http://mfeldstein.com/back-to-the-future-looking-at-lms-forecasts-from-2011-2014/
#NercompPDO4
If you were starting to write an LMS in 2008....
• You would build it based on IMS LTI as
*the* integration strategy
• You would use IMS Common Cartridge
as the import and export format
• You would slickly extend both specs to
make next-generation integrations
#NercompPDO4
If you were starting to write an LMS in 2008....
• You would release *part* of your LMS
as open source so Blackboard could
not sue you under its patents....
• You would make nice REST/JSON
APIs for everything
• You would not use iframes or framesets
• You would use JQuery
• You would not support IE 6
http://mfeldstein.com/back-to-the-future-looking-at-lms-forecasts-from-2011-2014/
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
Act 1 - Summary
#NercompPDO4
Act 2 - Summary
#NercompPDO4
But there is more...
#NercompPDO4
http://mfeldstein.com/reuters-blackboard-up-for-sale-seeking-up-to-3-billion-in-auction/
#NercompPDO4
A Three-Act LMS
Play
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-act_structure
#NercompPDO4
Forward. Together. Better.
D'Arcy Norman's Law of
eLearning Tool Convergence
Any eLearning tool, no matter
how openly designed, will
eventually become
indistinguishable from a
Learning Management
System once a threshold of
supported use-cases has
been reached.
http://darcynorman.net/2013/02/15/normans-law-of-elearning-tool-convergence/
#NercompPDO4
Canvas Advantages
• Most recent code base
• Standards-first approach
• Embrace-Extend-Enhance
• Dis-intermediate local LMS admin –
empower the teacher
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
Future Structure
• The power structure in the market place
is shifting
• It is no longer about one more feature
in the LMS
• It is about the number and quality of
external tool integrations
• It is about empowering teachers
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
A "post-LMS" Ecosystem
• Interoperable application stores
• Un-bundling
• Better Standards
• Beautiful and rich integrations
• Teacher-centered ecosystem of tools
and content
#NercompPDO4
APPS &
TOOLS
LEARNING
PLATFORM/
PORTAL/LOR
STUDENT
INFO/ERP
SYSTEM
IMS Caliper
Analytics
Framework
IMS ARCHITECTURE
FOR EDUCATIONAL
INNOVATION
INSTITUTION
APP
CATALOG
PARTNER
APP
CATALOG
Peer-to-peer network
IMS Community
App Sharing
Architecture (CASA)
Metadata
Apps Data
Interventions
Click
Stream
Competency Requirements Record
Electronic Transcript Supplement
Pathways Achievements
SUPPLIER/
DEVELOPER
ANALYTICS
INSTITUTION
ANALYTICS
Seamless Enterprise
Integration via IMS
Standards
#NercompPDO4
IMS Standards
Pipeline
• Learning Tools Interoperability 2.1
• LTI Content Item 1.0
• LTI Membership Services Version 1.0
• LTI Outcomes Management Version 2.0
• IMS Caliper 1.1
• IMS OneRoster
#NercompPDO4
A Three-Act LMS
Play
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-act_structure
#NercompPDO4
My Research..
• How do we we move the market to the
next generation teaching and learning
systems?
• My focus is moving from protocols to
APIs
• www.tsugi.org
#NercompPDO4
#NercompPDO4
TL;DR
• LTI is the answer in the short term
• The "post-LMS" era is coming –
interoperable standards will be at its core
• LTI is the answer in the medium term
too...

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Standards to Enable an Open Learning Ecosystem