Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It is the thinnest material known and has remarkable properties such as strength, conductivity, and transparency. Graphene was first isolated in 2004 and has potential applications in electronics, solar cells, touchscreens, and more. It could replace silicon in transistors and integrated circuits due to its high electron mobility and thermal and electrical conductivity. Graphene is seen as an important material that will change electronics and enable new technologies in the future.

1. PAPER PRESENTATION ON Application Of Graphene In Modern Electronics Presented By- ChinmayChepurwar G.H Raisoni College Of Engineering (An Autonomous Institute under UGC act 1956,affilated to RTMNU, Nagpur) Department of Electronics Engineering

3. History

4. Structure

5. Properties

6. What makes Graphene different from others?

7. Fabrication technique

8. Applications

10. Latest invented allotrope of Carbon

11. Noble Prize for Physics 2010

12. Single layer hexagonal structure.

14. The inventers Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov have shown that carbon in such a flat form has exceptional properties Konstantin Novoselow and Andre Geim were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for physics.

16. In 1960’s it was believed that physically graphene cannot exist abecause of thermodynamic unstability

17. Graphene in itself however wasn't discovered until 2004 in its full observable and testable form

18. Since then, in the past 6 years, scientists have discovered that the substance retains some amazing properties.

19. Single layers of graphite were previously (starting from the 1970s) grown epitaxially on top of other materials.

20. There have also been a number of efforts to make very thin films of graphite by mechanical exfoliation

21. A key advance in the science of graphene was brought by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at Manchester University

24. Van der wall’s force of attraction.

25. Strong bonds.

26. Bond length 0.142 nm.

27. Long chain of interlinked,hexagonal lattice.

29. Electrical

30. Electronic

31. Optical

32. Thermal

35. High electrical conductivity.

36. Conductivity further can be increased by applying electric field.

37. electrical conductivity of sheets are 10 times that of copper.

39. Thermal properties The near-room temperature thermal conductivity of graphene was recently measured to be between (4.84±0.44) ×103 to (5.30±0.48) ×103 Wm−1K−1. Mechanical properties As of 2009, graphene appears to be one of the strongest materials ever tested. 200 times greater than steel Bulk strength is 130GPa Graphene sheets, held together by van der Waals forces

41. All in one properties.

42. Low cost.

43. Abundant element.

44. Simple fabrication techniques.

45. Chemically inert.

47. It's essentially the basic building block for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities; it's a stepping stone to building bigger things Fullerenes Nanotubes Sheets

49. Applications in electrical engineering.

50. Mechanical engineering.

51. Most important in electronics engineering as component material.

52. As a superconducting material.

53. Micro electronics.

54. Transparent conducting electrode.

55. Solar cells

57. Can be construction material for various electrical devices.

58. When mixed with plastic can be used as conductor with higher strength.

60. As a composite material for machines ,cars.

61. Defense.

63. Conducting material on PCBs.

64. Single molecule sensors

65. Touchscreens

66. Graphene transistor.

67. Graphene integrated circuits.

71. Due to its high electronic quality, graphene has also attracted the interest of technologists who see it as a way of constructing ballistic transistors. Graphene exhibits a pronounced response to perpendicular external electric fields, allowing one to build FETs.

72. Graphene has excellent properties to be a vital component of integrated circuits

73. Graphene transistors are conceivable and are ready to replace silicon transistors

74. In 2009 researchers demonstrated four different types of logic gates, each consisting of a single graphene transistor

75. It is capable of taking an incoming electrical signal of a certain frequency and an producing output signal that is a multiple of that frequency

77. Graphene-based sensors could sniff out dangerous molecules

78. Graphene nanoribbons

79. Integrated circuits

80. Transparent conducting electrodes

81. Solar cells

82. Anti-bacterial

83. Graphene biodevices

84. Nanogapsin graphene sheets may potentially provide a new technique for rapid DNA sequencing.Escherichia coli

86. In the future, satellites, airplanes, and cars could be manufactured out of the new composite materials. The fastest growing problem facing chip engineers today can be solved

88. Stronger medical implants

89. Embedding the material in plastics to enable them to conduct electricity

90. Increasing the efficiency of electric batteries by use of graphene powder

91. Optoelectronics

92. Leak-tight, plastic containers that keep food fresh for weeks

93. Transparent conductive coatings for solar cells and displays

94. Super capacitors

95. Improved conductivity of materials

96. High-power high frequency electronic devices

97. Replacing silicon in transistors

98. Organic light-emitting diodes(OLED)s