Presentation provides overview of different case studies that used environmental forensics to investigate sources of petroleum releases. Case studies include biomarker analysis to aid in identifying phytogenic and petrogenic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds for emission source apportionment and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments.

1. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc. 1 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016
Making environmental data meaningful
Use of Environmental Forensics for
Petroleum Releases
Defining what is yours and what isn’t
Court D. Sandau, PhD, PChem
January 29, 2016 – AGAT Science and Technology Talks

2. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Acknowledgements
2
• Phil Richards, MChem, MRes, PhD, PChem
• AGAT Laboratories Ltd.
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

3. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Environmental Forensic Investigation
‘Forensics’ - the application of scientific knowledge and
analysis for public discussion/debate OR potential
litigious issues
“The application of
scientific methods used
to identify the origin and
timing of a contaminant
release”
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 3

4. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Birthplace of Environmental
Forensics
Exxon Valdez 1989
Term “Environmental Forensics”
coined in Dr. Robert Morrison’s first
book since it was used in a peer
reviewed publication.
4 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

5. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Petroleum Hydrocarbons – A lot of
Compounds to Choose From
Unresolved Complex
Matter
Nelson et al. Environmental Forensics, 7:33–44, 2006
Straight chained alkanes
PAHs
Biomarkers
The rest
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 5
VOCs

6. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Case Study #1 – Phytogenic vs. Petrogenic
Hydrocarbons
• Petroleum release in peat (bog/fen)
• Former oil well, residual hydrocarbon impacts
– Previous remedial work; admixing of soil
• Client seeking reclamaSon cerSficate
6 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

7. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc. 7
Muskeg is a very rich organic environment > 50% TOC
PHC Fractions analysis cannot differentiate natural
hydrocarbons (phytogenic) from petroleum hydrocarbons
(petrogenic).
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

8. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
PHC FracKons Results
8 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016
PHC F3 – above guidelines in background areas.

9. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Source Sample
9
F2 F3 F4
31000 210000 430000
Large UCM
no prominent peaks
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

10. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Natural Peat
10
F2 F3 F4
290 2300 800
Prominent peaks
Typical paYern for peat
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

11. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Mixture of Source Material and Natural Peat
11
F2 F3 F4
320 3100 1300
Clear mixture of source
and peat chemicals
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

12. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Biomarker Analysis
12
Chemicals found in petrogenic hydrocarbons and not found in
phytogenic hydrocarbons.
o Terpanes – prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria)
o Steranes – eukaryotes (plants and animals)
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

13. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Diagenesis
Sterols to steranes
13
Cholestadienol Cholestane
Diagenesis
Plant structural
membrane chemical
Oil biomarker
Diagenesis – low pressure and low temperature change in
deposited sediment as it undergoes solidificaSon.
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

14. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Source Sample
steranes and hopanes
14
C23, C24, C25, C26
tricyclic terpanes
Hopanes
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

15. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Biomarkers
in Site Samples
Petroleum
Biomarker
Standard
Site
Sample
15 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

16. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Peat Sample
fa2y acids and alcohols
16
1. Hexadecanoic acid (C16)
2. Octadecanoic acid (C18)
3. Eicosanoic acid (C20)
4. Docosanoic acid (C22)
5. Tetracosanoic acid (C24)
6. Hexacosanol (C26)
7. Octacosanol (C28)
8. Decacosanol (C30)
1 2
3 4
5
6
7 8
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

17. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Peat Sample
sterols
17
Gamma-sitasterol Ergosterol
Cholestadienol
Cyclolanostanol
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

18. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Plant cell structure
18
Sterols
Fa2y acids Fa2y acids
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

19. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
• Natural phytogenic hydrocarbons can
be above guidelines peatlands
• Biomarker analysis can differentiate
phytogenic vs. petrogenic materials
• Conclusive assessment and
remediation tool
• Definitive Closure
• Cost/Time Efficient
• Everyone Wins
• Lab - good science
• Consultant - sound decisions
• Client - closure and assurance
• Site - minimal disturbance in a
peatland
Case Study #1 - Conclusions
19 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

20. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Case Study #2 – Tracking Odours from Oil
and Gas AcKviKes
• DirecSve 60 requires no odours off-lease
• Open venSng of CHOPS faciliSes in area as well
as other types of producSon
• Use staSsScal analysis to determine potenSal
sources
20 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

21. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Potential Sources
• Source samples collected near various operators in the region
• Compared to samples from air monitoring trailers during
odourous event
• Odourous events were
triggered samples from
one of the two
monitoring staSons
• No events associated
with source samples in
original publicaSon of
results
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 21

22. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
VOCs
0"
0.05"
0.1"
0.15"
0.2"
0.25"
0.3"
0.35"
0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6"
NMHC%(ppm)%
Methane%(ppm)%
Trailer"986"
Hours"Surrounding"
Triggered"Samples"
0"
0.05"
0.1"
0.15"
0.2"
0.25"
0.3"
0.35"
0" 50" 100" 150" 200" 250" 300" 350" 400"
NMHC%
Wind%Direc.on%
Con.nuous%NMHC%Data%Plo6ed%with%Wind%Direc.on%
Trailer"986"
Hours"Surrounding"
Triggered"Samples"
Correlation between
various VOCs.
(methane, NMHCs, TRS,
SO2).
Wind direction data
indicates general origin
from the oilfield
(multiple parties)
Triggered Samples
Other Samples
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 22

23. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
C6-ratio
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
9"
10"
11"
12"
397"
14"
15"16"17"
18"
19"
20"
25" 26"
a"
b"
c"
d"
e"
g"
h"
j"
E"
F"
G"
H" I"
J"
K"
L"
M"
A"
B"
N"
O"
Q" R"
0.1"
1"
10"
100"
0.1" 1" 10" 100" 1000" 10000" 100000" 1000000"
cyclohexane*/*benzene*
benzene*concentra0on*(ppbv)*
PotenHal"Source"Facility"(AE)"
Field"Sample"(AE)"
Three"Creeks"Trailer"Sample"
Petrogenic
Combustion
benzene
cyclohexane
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 23

24. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Butane isomers
1"
2"
3"
4"5"
6"
7"
8"
9" 10"
11"
12"
14"
15"
16"
17"
18"
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23"
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25" 26"
a"
b"c"
d"
e"
f" g"
h"
i"
j"
E"
F"
G"
H"
I"
J"
K"
L"
M"
A"
B"
N"
O"
P"
Q"
R"
0.05"
0.5"
5"
0.1" 1" 10" 100" 1000" 10000" 100000" 1000000" 10000000" 100000000"
i"butane)/)n"butane)ra,o)
n"butane)concentra,on)(ppbv))
PotenJal"Source"Facility"(AE)"
Field"Sample"(AE)"
Three"Creeks"Trailer"Sample"
Petrogenic
Combustion
n-butane
i-butane
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 24

25. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Better interpretation?
Diagnostic ratios are indicators for only 2 chemicals.
But, we can do better… we can develop analysis to
consider variability within all chemicals –
Principle Components Analysis (PCA)
A multi-variate statistical analysis that can be used
as an exploratory data analysis technique
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 25

26. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
PCA
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7" 8"
9"
10"
11"
12"
13"
14"
15"
16"
17"
18"
19"
20"
21"
22"
23"
24"
25"
26"
A"
B"
C"
D"
E"
F"
G"
J"I" H"
K"
L"
M"
93"
92"
91"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
92" 91" 0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6"
Principle)Component)2)
Principle)Component)1)
Poten?al"Source"Facility"(AE)"
Three"Creeks"Trailer"Sample"
Combustion
Toluene-rich
sourcePetrogenic
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 26

27. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
R&D for a Solution
• Working with laboratories and
industry to develop new forensics
approach for source apportionment
• Using 2D-GC-TOFMS we can:
• Detect unlimited numbers of
VOCs
• Detect very low concentrations of
VOCs
• Identify every compound with
full scan mass spectrometry and
library matches
• Provides un-paralleled fingerprinting
capabilities to determine source
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 27

28. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
• Routine air monitoring of VOCs provides valuable data to
potentially determine sources
• Need to use the right marker compounds and statistical analysis
techniques
• More data could provide better fingerprinting (future of
environmental forensics)
Case Study #2 - Conclusions
28 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

29. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Case Study #3 – PAHs in Sediments
• Sediments in waterways serve as sinks to PAHs
• Runoff from mulSple sources make paYern
assessment difficult
29 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016
• Expanded suite of
alkylated and parent
PAHs helps with
idenSficaSon of
sources
Days Weeks Months Years
BTEX
Alkanes
Biomarkers
PAHs

30. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Fingerprint Graphs
0%#
2%#
4%#
6%#
8%#
10%#
12%#
NAP#
C1#NAP#
C2#NAP#
C3#NAP#
C4#NAP#
ACE#
C1#ACE#
BPH#
C1#BPH#
C2#BPH#
FLU#C1#FLU#C2#FLU#C3#FLU#PHE/ANT#
C1#PHE/ANT#
C2#PHE/ANT#
C3#PHE/ANT#
C4#PHE/ANT#
DBT#
C1#DBT#
C2#DBT#
C3#DBT#
C4#DBT#FLRN/PYR#
C1#FLRN/PYR#
C2#FLRN/PYR#
C3#FLRN/PYR#
C4#FLRN/PYR#B(a)A/CHR#
C1#B(a)A/CHR#
C2#B(a)A/CHR#
C3#B(a)A/CHR#
C4#B(a)A/CHR#
BFLRN/BPYR#
C1#BFLRN/BPYR#
C2#BFLRN/BPYR#
Bunker'C')'0%'
Naphthalene
C1-Naphthalenes
C2-Naphthalenes
C3-Naphthalenes
… …
…
30 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

31. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Oil Types
0%#
2%#
4%#
6%#
8%#
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12%#
14%#
16%#
18%#
NAP#
C1#NAP#
C2#NAP#
C3#NAP#
C4#NAP#
ACE#
C1#ACE#
BPH#
C1#BPH#
C2#BPH#
FLU#C1#FLU#C2#FLU#C3#FLU#PHE/ANT#
C1#PHE/ANT#
C2#PHE/ANT#
C3#PHE/ANT#
C4#PHE/ANT#
DBT#
C1#DBT#
C2#DBT#
C3#DBT#
C4#DBT#FLRN/PYR#
C1#FLRN/PYR#
C2#FLRN/PYR#
C3#FLRN/PYR#
C4#FLRN/PYR#B(a)A/CHR#
C1#B(a)A/CHR#
C2#B(a)A/CHR#
C3#B(a)A/CHR#
C4#B(a)A/CHR#
BFLRN/BPYR#
C1#BFLRN/BPYR#
C2#BFLRN/BPYR#
K1A$Source+
0%#
2%#
4%#
6%#
8%#
10%#
12%#
14%#
16%#
Naphthalene#
C1#naphthalene#
C2#naphthalene#
C3#naphthalene#
C4#naphthalene#
Acenaphthene#
C1#acenaphthene#Biphenyl#
C1#biphenyl#
C2#biphenyl#Fluorene#
C1#fluorene#
C2#fluorene#
C3#fluorene#
Phenanthrene/Anthracene#
C1#phenanthrene/anthracene#
C2#phenanthrene/anth.#
C3#phenanthrene/anth.#
C4#phenanthrene/anth.#
Dibenzothiophene#
C1#dibenzothiophene#
C2#dibenzothiophene#
C3#dibenzothiophene#
C4#dibenzothiophene#
Fluoranthene/Pyrene#
C1#fluoranthene/pyrene#
C2#fluoranthene/pyrene#
C3#fluoranthene/pyrene#
C4#fluoranthene/pyrene#
Benz(a)anthracene/Chrysene#
C1#B(a)A/chrysene#
C2#B(a)A/chrysene#
C3#B(a)A/chrysene#
C4#B(a)A/chrysene#
Benzofluoranthene/Benzopyrene#
C1#benzofluoranthene/benzopyrene#
C2#benzofluoranthene/benzopyrene#
Plains'Product'
Light Crude
Light PAHs dominant
Nice bell-shaped patterns
Bitumen
Heavy PAHs dominant
Mixed patterns
31 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

32. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Product Types
0%#
2%#
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10%#
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NAP#
C1#NAP#
C2#NAP#
C3#NAP#
C4#NAP#
ACE#C1#ACE#
BPH#
C1#BPH#
C2#BPH#
FLU#C1#FLU#C2#FLU#C3#FLU#PHE/ANT#
C1#PHE/ANT#
C2#PHE/ANT#
C3#PHE/ANT#
C4#PHE/ANT#
DBT#C1#DBT#
C2#DBT#
C3#DBT#
C4#DBT#FLRN/PYR#
C1#FLRN/PYR#
C2#FLRN/PYR#
C3#FLRN/PYR#
C4#FLRN/PYR#B(a)A/CHR#
C1#B(a)A/CHR#
C2#B(a)A/CHR#
C3#B(a)A/CHR#
C4#B(a)A/CHR#BFLRN/BPYR#
C1#BFLRN/BPYR#
C2#BFLRN/BPYR#
No.$5$Fuel$Oil$,$0%$
0%#
5%#
10%#
15%#
20%#
25%#
30%#
NAP#
C1#NAP#
C2#NAP#
C3#NAP#
C4#NAP#
ACE#C1#ACE#
BPH#
C1#BPH#
C2#BPH#
FLU#C1#FLU#C2#FLU#C3#FLU#PHE/ANT#
C1#PHE/ANT#
C2#PHE/ANT#
C3#PHE/ANT#
C4#PHE/ANT#
DBT#
C1#DBT#
C2#DBT#
C3#DBT#
C4#DBT#FLRN/PYR#
C1#FLRN/PYR#
C2#FLRN/PYR#
C3#FLRN/PYR#
C4#FLRN/PYR#B(a)A/CHR#
C1#B(a)A/CHR#
C2#B(a)A/CHR#
C3#B(a)A/CHR#
C4#B(a)A/CHR#BFLRN/BPYR#
C1#BFLRN/BPYR#
C2#BFLRN/BPYR#
Diesel&Fuel&)&0%&
0%#
10%#
20%#
30%#
40%#
50%#
60%#
NAP#
C1#NAP#
C2#NAP#
C3#NAP#
C4#NAP#
ACE#
C1#ACE#
BPH#
C1#BPH#
C2#BPH#
FLU#C1#FLU#C2#FLU#C3#FLU#PHE/ANT#
C1#PHE/ANT#
C2#PHE/ANT#
C3#PHE/ANT#
C4#PHE/ANT#
DBT#
C1#DBT#
C2#DBT#
C3#DBT#
C4#DBT#FLRN/PYR#
C1#FLRN/PYR#
C2#FLRN/PYR#
C3#FLRN/PYR#
C4#FLRN/PYR#B(a)A/CHR#
C1#B(a)A/CHR#
C2#B(a)A/CHR#
C3#B(a)A/CHR#
C4#B(a)A/CHR#
BFLRN/BPYR#
C1#BFLRN/BPYR#
C2#BFLRN/BPYR#
Gasoline Diesel
Fuel Oil
32 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

33. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Petrogenic / Pyrogenic
0%#
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NAP#
C1#NAP#
C2#NAP#
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C1#ACE#
BPH#
C1#BPH#
C2#BPH#
FLU#C1#FLU#C2#FLU#C3#FLU#PHE/ANT#
C1#PHE/ANT#
C2#PHE/ANT#
C3#PHE/ANT#
C4#PHE/ANT#
DBT#
C1#DBT#
C2#DBT#
C3#DBT#
C4#DBT#FLRN/PYR#
C1#FLRN/PYR#
C2#FLRN/PYR#
C3#FLRN/PYR#
C4#FLRN/PYR#B(a)A/CHR#
C1#B(a)A/CHR#
C2#B(a)A/CHR#
C3#B(a)A/CHR#
C4#B(a)A/CHR#
BFLRN/BPYR#
C1#BFLRN/BPYR#
C2#BFLRN/BPYR#
EPRI%Study%PAHs%.%Petroleum%Tar%%
0%#
2%#
4%#
6%#
8%#
10%#
12%#
14%#
NAP#
C1#NAP#
C2#NAP#
C3#NAP#
C4#NAP#
ACE#
C1#ACE#
BPH#
C1#BPH#
C2#BPH#
FLU#C1#FLU#C2#FLU#C3#FLU#PHE/ANT#
C1#PHE/ANT#
C2#PHE/ANT#
C3#PHE/ANT#
C4#PHE/ANT#
DBT#
C1#DBT#
C2#DBT#
C3#DBT#
C4#DBT#FLRN/PYR#
C1#FLRN/PYR#
C2#FLRN/PYR#
C3#FLRN/PYR#
C4#FLRN/PYR#B(a)A/CHR#
C1#B(a)A/CHR#
C2#B(a)A/CHR#
C3#B(a)A/CHR#
C4#B(a)A/CHR#
BFLRN/BPYR#
C1#BFLRN/BPYR#
C2#BFLRN/BPYR#
No.$5$Fuel$Oil$,$0%$
Petrogenic
Bell-shaped family groups
Oil products
Pyrogenic
scree-shaped family groups
Combustion products
33 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

34. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc. 34
Fluoranthene Pyrene
10 1
1 10
Pyrogenic
Petrogenic
• Formed within different environments
• Both have similar responses in the environment
(biological decomposition rate)
(water solubility)
• FLRN – kinetically favoured, PYR – themodynamically
favoured
Foundation of PAH Ratios
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

35. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Double RaKo Plots to DisKnguish Source
35
0.0#
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0.6#
0.8#
1.0#
1.2#
1.4#
0.0# 0.2# 0.4# 0.6# 0.8# 1.0# 1.2# 1.4# 1.6#
IcdP#/#BghiP#
FLRN#/#PYR#
Field&Data& MGP&Source&1& MGP&Source&2& Petroleum&Source&3&
Petroleum)
Liquid)Fuel)
Coal)pyrolysis/combus7on)
Pyrolysis/Combus7on)
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

36. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Principle Components Analysis
A double ratio plot is good for 4 compounds.
But, we can do better… we can develop analysis to
consider variability within all chemicals –
Principle Components Analysis (PCA)
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 36

37. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
!4#
!2#
0#
2#
4#
6#
8#
!6# !4# !2# 0# 2# 4# 6# 8# 10# 12# 14#
PC2$
PC1$
Oil#Product#
Upstream#of#Spill#
Downstream#of#Spill#
Principle Components Analysis
Spill Oil
Non-impacted Area
Other Areasx
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 37

38. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
!4#
!2#
0#
2#
4#
6#
8#
!6# !4# !2# 0# 2# 4# 6# 8# 10# 12# 14#
PC2$
PC1$
Oil#Product#
Upstream#of#Spill#
Downstream#of#Spill#
PAHs from Spill Oil
PAHs not from Spill Oil
Principle Components Analysis
Spill Oil
Non-impacted Area
Other Areasx
38 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

39. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
• PAH fingerprints and marker compounds can identify
multiple sources
• Use of patterns, marker compounds, double ratio plots,
and statistics can help determine when multiple sources
are mixed together
Case Study #3 - Conclusions
39 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

40. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
12C-2378-
TCDD
in Serum
Using cryo-focusing and HRMS, can achieve 540 ag 2378-
TCDD, assuming 70 % recovery; S/N 474 (4 Sigma)
m/z 319.8965 [M]
Dr. Donald G. Patterson, Jr and Wayman Turner at CDC
Zoex - loop
modulator
40 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016
Where is Science Going?

41. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Where is Science Going?
41
Genomic Testing
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016
Microarray Analysis
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/11/9/3397?trendmd-shared=0
http://csmbio.csm.jmu.edu/bioweb/Bio480/Fall07/
microarray/group9/understanding_oxidative_pathways.htm
Big Data!!!

42. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Conventional GC Analysis
Unresolved Complex
Matter
Nelson et al. Environmental Forensics, 7:33–44, 2006
Straight chained alkanes
PAHs
Biomarkers
The rest
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 42

43. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Two-Dimensional
Gas Chromatography
Nelson et al. Environmental Forensics, 7:33–44, 2006
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 43

44. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
500
1000
93
77
39 12167 10750 136
Peak True - sample "L1019714-37 straight:1", peak 435, at 2486 , 1.350 sec , sec
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
500
1000
93
77
41
12110553 67 136
Library Hit - similarity 836, "à-Pinene"
4D
1D
2D
3D
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 44
Four Dimensions?

45. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Local Supply of Shell Diesel
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 45

46. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Middle East Crude Oil Investigation
Alkyl Phenanthrenes/Anthracenes
Alkyl Naphthalenes
Alkyl Benzenes
Alkanes
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 46

47. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
2D-GC Chromatogram
Gasoline sample
Soil sample
Arson InvesKgaKon
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 47
© 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.

48. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Comparison of Gasolines
Esso
Shell
48© 2015
Chemistry Matters Inc.
© 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc. AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016 48

49. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc. 49
Conclusions
• Environmental Forensics can be used
to help determine the source of most
contaminaSon
• Some techniques are just good, solid
science
• New techniques use latest
instrumentaSon and new methods of
analysis
AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016

50. © 2015
Chemistry Ma2ers Inc.
Thank you for your attention
Contact Info:
Chemistry Matters Inc.
Court Sandau
Cell: 403.669.8566
URL: chemistry-matters.com
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Twitter: @Chem_Matters
LinkedIn: ca.linkedin.com/in/courtsandau
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50 AGAT Science and Technology Talks 2016