2. SAN JUAN BAUTISTA PRIVATE UNIVERSITY
INGENIERY SCHOOL
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBJECT:
STATIC AND DYNAMIC
COURSE:
TECHNICAL ENGLISH II
TEACHER:
LIC. GONZALES MENDOZA JOSE MIGUEL
STUDENT:
SARAVIA GARCIA CRISTHIAN DAVID
CHINCHA - ALTA
2019
3. INTRODUCTION
The mechanics of rigid bodies is divided into two areas: static and dynamic, these two sciences
are those that make mention, which are sciences that are really very fascinating and that are of
great relevance for different races but for my part in the race Engineering Static is about the
balance of bodies, that is, those that are in a state of rest (without movement) or move with a
constant speed; while the dynamics is based on the accelerated movement of the bodies.
Although static can be considered as part of the dynamic in which the acceleration is zero, the
static deserves to be treated separately in engineering studies, because many objects are
designed with the intention of remaining in balance.
In this part of the study of mechanics, bodies are supposed to be perfectly rigid. However, real
structures and machines never are and deform under the loads to which they are subjected.
These formations are almost always small and do not greatly affect the conditions of
equilibrium or movement of the structure under consideration. But they are important when you
take into account the resistance of the structure to failures and are studied in the mechanics of
materials, which is a part of the mechanics of formable bodies.
4. STATIC AND DYNAMIC
I. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
The mechanics of rigid bodies is divided into two areas: static and dynamic, these two sciences
are those that make mention, which are sciences that are really very fascinating and that are of
great relevance for different races but for my part in the race Engineering Static is about the
balance of bodies, that is, those that are in a state of rest (without movement) or move with a
constant speed; while the dynamics is based on the accelerated movement of the bodies.
Although static can be considered as part of the dynamic in which the acceleration is zero, the
static deserves to be treated separately in engineering studies, because many objects are
designed with the intention of remaining in balance.
In this part of the study of mechanics, bodies are supposed to be perfectly rigid. However, real
structures and machines never are and deform under the loads to which they are subjected.
These formations are almost always small and do not greatly affect the conditions of
equilibrium or movement of the structure under consideration. But they are important when you
take into account the resistance of the structure to failures and are studied in the mechanics of
materials, which is a part of the mechanics of formable bodies.
The part of the mechanics that the one of fluids, is subdivided in the study of the incompressible
fluids and the one of the compressible fluids. Mentioning hydraulics that is an important
subdivision in the study of incompressible fluids and addresses problems related to liquids.
Mechanics is a physical science because it studies physical phenomena. However, many people
associate it with mathematics, while others call it an engineering subject. Therefore, mechanics
is the basis of most engineering sciences and it is important to study them, but it does not have
the empirical character of some engineering sciences, that is, it is not based only on experience
or observation but Due to its rigor and the importance it gives to deductive reasoning, it
resembles mathematics.
This does not lead to the knowledge that mechanics is not pure science, if it is not an applied
science. Its purpose is to explain and predict physical phenomena and lay the groundwork for
engineering application.
Now the branch of Mechanics that studies the static balance of bodies is called Static.
Static or also called systems equilibrium, is related as the absence of movement. It is therefore
a particular case of dynamics, the object of static is the analysis of a series of conditions so that
the balance is verified and that it is stable.
Static determines the conditions under which a body operated by various forces remains in
equilibrium, that is, at rest or as we would say without any movement. The development of this
5. comes from a long time ago, long before the development of dynamics, because the principles
that involve Static could be formulated simply from geometric measurements and the
measurement of forces.
Some of its principles were elaborated by the Egyptians and the Babylonians in problems
related to the construction of the pyramids and temples. Among the oldest writings on this
subject can be mentioned Archimedes (287-212 BC) who formulated the principles of balance
of forces acting on levers and some principles of hydrostatics. Old documents also record
studies on the pulley, the inclined plane, and the wrench, at a time when engineering needs were
mainly limited to construction (Hibbeler, 1993).
One of the main topics on these writings is the Archimedes principle, this principle states that
everybody submerged in a fluid experiences a vertical and upward thrust equal to the weight of
fluid dislodged.
Now the explanation of the Archimedes principle consists of two parts: The first is the study of
the forces on a portion of fluid in equilibrium with the rest of the fluid and the second is the
replacement of said portion of fluid with a solid body of the Same shape and dimensions.
We can apply this principle to things we do every day, such as when we swim or when we
throw an object into the water; the object sinks if its weight is greater than the weight of the
dislodged fluid. The object floats when its weight is less than or equal to the weight of the
displaced fluid. Something so every day that the vast majority of people spend it so unnoticed.
Returning to the theme of the stay we say that it is a material system that is in equilibrium when
all its particles are at rest, and remain in the same state of rest as I had already mentioned, but
so that the balance is verified and this is stable there must be a series of conditions.
The first thing would be that for a system subjected to a set of given forces, to establish the
existence of one or more possible equilibrium configurations and determine these, then it would
be to analyze the stability of the equilibrium positions.
The concept of stability consists in guaranteeing that in the event of minor disturbances with
respect to the equilibrium position, the movement close to said configuration is maintained, or
if on the contrary it moves away indefinitely from it.
For a system in a given geometric configuration, determine the necessary actions (both in terms
of active forces and reactions) for equilibrium and its stability.
A body in static equilibrium, if it is not disturbed, does not suffer acceleration of translation,
rotation or any other movement on the body, because the sum of all the forces or the sum of all
the moments acting on it is zero. However, if the body shifts slightly, three possible results
could be reached:
6. The first result would be that the object returns to its original position, in which case it is said
to be in stable equilibrium.
The second would be if the object moves further away from its position, in which case it is said
to be in unstable equilibrium.
And finally it would be if the object remains in its new position, in which case it is said to be
in neutral or indifferent equilibrium. Now the moment of a force could be carried out in a simple
way, if they give us a lever arm, with a point of application at one end and a force at the other,
the moment of that force would be the product of the force by the distance to the point of
application. This could be represented with the formula of:
On the other hand we will also talk about the dynamics that is the complete one of the room
referring to the mechanics of rigid bodies, this is a branch of physics that has had more
transcendence throughout the emergence of man. The dynamic is in charge of the study of the
origin of the movement, so its study is referred to how it is that movement occurs.
The main reason for the development of the outward dynamics is directly related to the
development of methods for measuring time. An advance in a theory allows the construction of
new measuring devices that in turn help to perfect the theory and so on. The development of
new technologies allows advances in theories.
The study of dynamics is prominent in mechanical systems, but also in thermodynamics and
electrodynamics.
In other scientific fields, such as economics or biology, it is also common to speak of dynamics
in a similar sense, to refer to the characteristics of evolution over time of the state of a given
system.
II. SITUATIONS RELATED TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING.
Mentioning the practical applications of static in engineering which are very numerous, this
especially in civil engineering that structures are usually designed to be and remain at rest under
static service loads, or so that their Movement under dynamic loads be small and stable as
vibrations.
Ultimately in civil engineering, static is of great importance, since it analyzes the internal and
external forces of a structure, and is even linked to structural analysis, which is responsible for
determining the dimensions of the structural elements, under the application of loads that can
guarantee safe and stable structures.
7. In the same way as static, the dynamics in civil engineering can be applied in everything that
moves, such as in Hydraulics, turbines, engines, heavy machinery, cranes, in the same way as
in beam analysis by dynamic and energy methods, as it also helps us in the design of pavements
of roads, tracks and bridges for railways.
It is worth mentioning that these two sciences are fundamental in the development of physics,
in engineering among other great fields. In the case of static it is a science that deals with
balance and objects are in equilibrium because their particles are at rest. For me all this is very
fascinating to me and I feel that knowing and understanding all this will be very helpful. This
can be referred to in its application since it can occur everywhere or in everything that surrounds
us in this world, the field in which I want to refer is in civil engineering.
This engineering is about the construction, in the resistance of the materials that are used, so
when talking about the static it makes reference to us that it helps that the structures do not fall,
then it is said that without the static it cannot be built or least not rationally.
The study of the efforts to which a certain body is applied is what makes it possible to calculate
what forces are needed to counteract them and so that the body remains in balance.
Therefore, one of the main objectives of static is to obtain shear forces, normal force, torsion
and bending moment along a piece, which can be from a beam of a bridge. Its importance lies
in the fact that once the diagrams have been drawn and their equations obtained, the material
with which the structures will be constructed can be decided, the dimensions that they must
have, limits for safe use, among others, through an analysis of materials. Therefore, the
application of civil engineering and construction will always be required to build a fixed
structure.
And in the case of dynamics, there are also many applications in the field of engineering,
starting with kinematics, which has application in the layout of roads, in the dynamic calculation
of structures, such as Railroad bridges and roads when A freight train enters.
In relation to the above, seismic calculation can be considered, as a dynamic analysis of
structures such is the case of buildings, chimneys, etc.
Dynamics is one of the tools that engineers use and that we must keep in mind before and during
design and construction, although some modern engineers have a technique, which is to develop
mathematical equations based on the physical characteristics of the objects they design.
8. CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, static and dynamics are very present in our day to day, because everything around
us is based on what the greats like Newton and the help of his three fundamental laws and that
of universal gravitation have been of great help, that is why since the beginning of the study of
physics that has led us to mechanics and from there to these sciences already mentioned, and
that thanks to important scientists such as Aristotle, Archimedes and again Isaac Newton, who
until today in other great scientists have discovered new things and that the uses of static and
dynamics for our daily work and life have benefited us in engineering projection among others,
so that today thanks to them, we have evolved even more.
10. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
1. EVALUACIÓN DE LA CAPACIDAD DE CARGA DEL PUENTE ANTONIO
DOVALÍ JAIME, MEDIANTE EL USO DE PRUEBAS DE CARGA ESTÁTICAS Y
DINÁMICAS Concreto y Cemento. Investigación y Desarrollo, vol. 2, núm. 1, julio-
diciembre, 2010, pp. 31-43 Instituto Mexicano del Cemento y del Concreto, A.C.
Distrito Federal, México.
2. Evaluacion de estructura mediante pruebas de carga - Alberto PATRON - Consultora
Mexicana de Ingeniería S.A. de C.V.
3. La Aplicación de La Estática en La Ingeniería Civil - Cargado por Buena ventura La
chira Espinoza Fecha en que fue cargado el Apr 24, 2016.
