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Container Architecture
- 2. 2 Cloud Computing vs Virtualization ● Cloud Computing is built on Virtualization – Hypervisor Virtualization – Container Virtualization / OS level Virtualization
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- 11. 11 Docker Container History ● 2013 – Docker – The most popular and widely used container management system as of now – It was developed as an internal project at a company called dotCloud and later renamed to Docker – Docker used LXC at the initial stages and later replaced LXC with it’s own library called libcontainer – Unlike any other container platform, Docker introduced an entire ecosystem for managing containers. (a highly efficient, layered container image model, a global and local container registries, a clean REST API, a CLI) – Docker's container cluster management solution is called Docker Swarm
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- 14. 14 Docker CE Vs EE ● Docker CE – Two versions – Edge and Stable – YY.MM.versionce ● Docker EE – Three versions – Basic, Standard, Advanced – YY.MM.versionee
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- 28. 28 Docker Engine ● Core Components of Docker Engine are: – The Docker Daemon – The Docker Client – A REST API – to interact with the Docker Daemon remotely
- 30. 30 Docker Daemon ● The Docker Daemon is what actually executes commands (building, running and distribution of containers) sent to the Docker Client. ● The Docker Daemon runs on the host machine. ● Typically, Docker Client can run on the host machine or a different machine, which communicate with the Docker Daemon.
- 31. 31 Docker Images ● A recipe or template for creating Docker containers. It includes the steps for installing and running the necessary software. ● Docker Images are readonly templates that you build from a set of instructions written in your Dockerfile ● Each instruction in the Dockerfile adds a new “layer” to the image, with layers representing a portion of the images file system that either adds to or replaces the layer below it.
- 32. 32 Docker Registries ● Docker Registries are there to store Docker images. ● Two types of Docker Registries – Private Registries – Public Registries (I.e DockerHub)
- 33. 33 Docker Containers ● Docker containers are the running and execution aspect of Docker ● Docker does not care what resides within the Container ● Containers are isolated each other. Can map this to a shipping container, which basically does not bother about what is inside? ● Containers are interchangeable, stackable, portable.
- 34. 34 Docker Containers ● Docker Containers are isolated, – File System Isolation – Own “root” file system – Process Isolation – Own process environment – Network Isolation – Separate virtual interface and IP addressing
- 35. 35 Docker Prerequisites ● Docker can be run on any x64 host, which is running a modern Linux Kernel ● The recommended Linux Kernel version is 3.8 or later (The native Linux container format that Docker uses is libcontainer) ● Kernel features such as cgroups and namespaces should be enabled
- 37. 37 Docker Prerequisites ● Check the Linux Kernel – $ uname r ● If Linux Kernel is less than 3.8, you may update the kernel to 3.8 or above – $ sudo aptget update – $ sudo aptget install linuxheaders3.8.027 generic linuximage3.8.027generic linux headers3.8.027 – $ sudo updategrub – $ sudo reboot
- 38. 38 Installing Docker ● Installing Docker – $ sudo aptget install dockerengine ● Verify Installation – $ sudo docker info ● Starting and Stopping Docker – $ sudo start docker – $ sudo stop docker ● Upgrade Docker – $ sudo aptget update – $ sudo aptget upgrade dockerengine
- 39. 39 Creating Containers ● Creating a Container – Interactive ● $ sudo docker run name crish_container i t ubuntu /bin/bash ● Type <exit> to get out from shell ● If want to reattach – $ sudo docker attach crish_container – Deamonized ● $ sudo docker run name crish_daemon d ubuntu /bin/sh
- 40. 40 List Containers ● Listing Containers – To show all containers ● $ sudo docker ps a – To show all the “running” containers ● $ sduo docker ps ● Starting a Container – $ sudo docker start crish_container – $ sudo docker stop crish_container
- 41. 41 Docker Images ● Like a tiny virtual machine that is created from the instructions found within the Docker image originated ● A Docker image is a collection of files. Base images (ubuntu, fedora, etc) are used to build your own custom images. ● Images are layered and each layer represents a diff (what changed) from the previous layer.
- 42. 42 Docker Images ● List all Images – $ sudo docker images ● Pulling a Docker image from DockerHub – $ sudo docker pull fedora – $ sudo docker run i t fedora /bin/bash – $ sudo docker ps a
- 43. 43 Building your own Docker Images ● Two methods – Manual Method (via docker commit) – Using Dockerfile ● Manual Method – $ sudo docker run i t ubuntu /bin/bash – $ sudo aptget update – $ sudo aptget install apache2 – $ sudo docker commit <containerid> crishantha/mit1 – $ sudo docker push crishantha/mit1 (prior to this you are required to log in to Docker Hub)
- 44. 44 Building your own Docker Images ● Dockerfile Method – Create a directory and within that create a file called “Dockerfile” and add the sequence of commands – e.g. ● FROM ubuntu:14.04 ● RUN aptget update ● RUN aptget install y nginx ● EXPOSE 80 – $ sudo docker build t="crishantha/mit2" . – $ sudo docker push crishantha/mit2
- 46. 46 Serverless Architecture ● Based on the ability to deploy software without having any involvement with the infrastructure is “Serverless Computing”. ● These platforms automate the entire process of building , deploying and starting services on demand. Users will have to concentrate only on the business logic or functions. ● These serverless architectures are implemented using a Container Cluster Manager (CCM) with a dynamic router in front, which can spin up containers on demand. – e.g. CCM – Kubernetes and Mesosphere