Social Disorganization Theory Explained

Pros And Cons Of Social Disorganization Theory
Much like social disorganization theory, anomie theory suggests that the more disorganized or
lack of social control within a group or community, the higher the rate of crime and deviant
behavior. Akers, Sellers & Jennings et al. (2017) stated that if a community lacks unity or the
standards of a social system, or if there is an interruption, then that community is labeled as
anomic. Akers et al. (2017) described a social system as a society that has order in which all
people in the society have a complete understanding of the entire group's standards and ethics.
Anomie theory is used to explain crime and delinquency between groups such as those belonging
to the lower class, ethnic minorities, and gangs (Akers et al. (2017). Unlike anomie theory, social
disorganization theory attributes crime and deviance to fast changes in the group. If the group is
unable to adapt this then weakens the community's capability to manage its member's behavior,
which then results in crime and deviance. According to Akers et al. (2017), anomie theory
proposes that when a community or society experiences interruptions in the social control of the
community it can cause laws and norms begin to deteriorate which leave the community with a
weak on its member's behavior. When this is combined with people's access to economic goals
being hindered, crime is more likely to occur. According to Akers et al. (2017) the word anomie was
used by Emile Durkheim, a founder of sociology, to describe a
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Theories Of Social Disorganization
Social Disorganization in many communities there are different problems, crime rates are different
in many areas. It has become social disorganized, the residents in have no social control in which it
allows youths to engage in criminal activity, like joining gangs, not obeying the law, and destructive
behaviors. These types of crimes happen mostly in low class neighborhood, youth goes out and
commit crime with no problems. Juvenile delinquency is a primary social problem like family,
school, no jobs, low income and quitting school.
According to (Siegel and Welsh 2012, p.135). "The social organization they want to fixed and focus
on the unchangeable pattern". As to stop these crimes from being repeated, by the repeaters and
those who are...show more content...
The view call problem behavior syndrome, for the people who suffer from these conditions typical
exhibit several symptoms of the rest.
There are varieties of delinquency behaviors which it includes violent, stealing, drug offenses that
is a part of generalized, and indicating all forms of antisocial behavior that has similar
developmental patterns. For those who suffer problem behavior syndrome are prone to have more
difficulties in the general population, they can find themselves with a range of personal dilemmas
from using drugs accident prone, needing more health care and be hospitalize as well as to become
a teenage parent/parents ad to having mental issues. Pathway to Delinquency the trajectory is
recognize as the career of delinquency that many may specialize in criminal activities like violence,
extortion, also some might be involving in fraud, theft. While others will engage in variety of acts in
delinquency, authority will have some conflict pathway–pathway to delinquent deviance that will
begin during early age along with there are stubborn behavior that will lead to disobedience. Staying
out late, running away, and truancy dealing with authority

Social Disorganization Theory
Ethnographic researchers has long studied the motivations and similarities between offenders and
career criminals. There is a parallel relationship within persistent offenders escpically the factors that
influences them to commit or recommit certain crime, it is important to understand that there are
many factors that influences persistent offenders such as financial motivation, social factors,
emotional state. Many offenders get caught in the get rich quick scheme, It is also important to
understand that most of habitual offenders have about 70% rate of reoffending. As stated by many
researchers, crime is a product of social dysfunction; This best fits the Social disorganization theory.
In which a detracting economic culture could possibly fuel the need for one to constantly commit
crime to meet the their own endeavors, in...show more content...
Furthermore some even commit crime because of the heavy stigma that has been put on them by
the society . Hence it is hard for a person to serve their time and come back to a certain community
with open arms, the stigma of the crime that the person committed still hovers over them. This
could possibly lead the offender to recommit because the offender does not feel to be part of the
community, some companies will not hire someone with a felony charge in their background or
with even a misdenmor charge in their background, furthermore some felons are not allowed to
vote. This stigma in of itself can be the driving factors for many to backslide into old lifestyles
causing the offender to identify with what they have always known, which is a criminal lifestyle
and and the only profession skills they know is committing crime to survive. Incidentally it is hard
to predict who will become a habitual offender, but Ethnographic researchers has come up with ways
that could possibly change the prediction, according to

The Chicago School theory, also known as the social disorganization theory, was first developed in
1920 at the University of Chicago (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). This theory wa developed in an attempt to
identify environmental factors as they related to crime, comparing neighborhoods as well as crime
statistics to determine their influence upon one another. The focus is centered on reducing
opportunities for crime to take place.
Following this study, there were two derivatives of the Chicago School theory (Bohm & Vogel,
2011). The first is the situational crime prevention theory, this theory examines the opportunities to
commit a crime which is attributed to Robert Clarke. The theory placed an emphasis on poorly
designed structures, moreover, the

Social Disorganization Theory By Shaw And Mckay
Social disorganization theory was established by Shaw and Mckay (1942) in their famous work
"Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas". The main argument of the social disorganization theory is
that, the place where people live will influence the individual's behavior, and this may lead them to
crimes. More precisely, certain characteristics of the neighborhood/community will strengthen or
weaken the informal social control within the community, and this has mediating effect on crimes.
In 1925, Park et al. published a study of the city of Chicago, focused on its industrialization and
urbanization. They found out that the industrialization changed labor, economics and adolescence of
the youngers. The immigration who came to the city were...show more content...
Hence, as they argued, delinquency was not "constitutional", but was to be correlated with the
particular ecological environment in which it occurs. Therefore, it was highly possible that the
ethnic diversity interferes with communication among individuals from different ethnic backgrounds
because of their different culture and customs, as well as the lack of shared experiences. This would
possibly lead to the fear, mistrust, even conflict within the community, and therefore, increased the
crime/delinquency rates. They also advocated the influence and determination of the criminal
subculture by saying that this problematic subculture would promote the delinquency and worsen
the situation.
However, this generation of social disorganization theory did not define what "social
disorganization" was, which was nearly unacceptable. Moreover, they only used official data of
delinquency in their research, which had obvious middleclass bias, and overlooked social
stratification. Besides these, this generation of social disorganization theory could not explain why
many people in the Zone II did not commit crime and only a small fraction of whom committed
most of the crimes, aka "good boy in the bad neighborhood" problem.
Kornhauser (1978) criticized this social disorganization theory and indicated that the cultural
transmission was problematic. If the crime could be cultured, then it could be organized, it could
promote itself,

Shaw And Mckay's Social Disorganization Theory
I have identify two separate criminological theories that will operate at multiple levels of analysis. I
have chosen are social disorganization theory and the theory of anomie. These theories are
considered to be separate branches of the social structure theory, the differences between them are
identifiable. Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory examines the failure of social
institutions, organizations in low economic communities and neighborhoods. The theory explores
the relations between the individual and their environment and the study of ecology. This line of
inquiry was developed most clearly by Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay (1942), who worked at the
Institute for Social Research in Chicago and who were deeply influenced...show more content...
Our primary aim lies in discovering how some social structures exert a definite pressure upon
certain persons in the society to engage in nonconformist rather than conformist conduct (Cullen,
Agnew & Wilcox, 2014, pg. 178). Among the elements of social and cultural structure, two are
important for our purposes (Cullen, Agnew & Wilcox, 2014, pg. 179). These are analytically
separable although they merge imperceptibly in concrete situations (Cullen, Agnew & Wilcox,
2014, pg. 179). The first consists of culturally defined goals, purposes, and interests (Cullen, Agnew
& Wilcox, 2014, pg. 179). The second phase of the social structure defines, regulates, and controls
the acceptable modes of achieving these goals (Cullen, Agnew & Wilcox, 2014, pg. 179). To say that
these two elements, culture goals and institutional norms, operate jointly is not to say that the ranges
of alternative behaviors and aims bear some constant relation to one another (Cullen, Agnew &
Wilcox, 2014, pg.

There are a variety of theories that have been proposed both at a macro and micro level in order to
explain juvenile crime. The different theories that have been proposed are Social Disorganization
theory, Differential Social Organization theory, Social Control theory and Differential Association
theory. In order for people to determine which of the proposed theory is more valid, one must be
able to answer the question of what inspires the juveniles to be involved in criminal activities . One
must seek to answer the question in regards to whether they participate in criminal activities because
of what they have learned from other people or how they are controlled i.e. in terms of family
upbringing and the societal values. In Mercer L. Sullivans book, Getting Paid YouthCrime and Work
in Inner City, it makes a suggestion that in terms of the learning theories that both at the macro
level, Differential social organization, and micro level Differential association theory, present a
more accurate analysis of the two types of theories. Social Disorganization theory is a major
sociological theory, which is used to explain crime at the macro level. The theory answers the
question of how various aspects of the structure of a community contribute to social control. It is
important to note that, in a community which unable to achieve common values, it will have a high
rate of delinquency. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay proposed this theory and they looked at
various variables such as

Social Disorganization Social disorganization theory explains the ecological difference in levels
of crime, simply based on cultural and structural factors that influence the social order in a given
community. Social disorganization is triggered by poverty, social stability, ethnic heterogeneity,
and a few key elements. Although Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay (1942), were known for
social disorganization theory, in 1947 Edwin Sutherland introduced the notion of a ecological
differences in crime that is the result of differential social organization. Despite similar arguments
on social organization, Shaw and Mckay argued that the cultural integration explained the
ecological variation in crime rates as a result of the negative impact on the community. Also
elaborating on structural socioeconomic factors shaping informal control like poverty,
heterogeneity, and residential mobility. Later Robert Sampson and Byron Groves (1989), refined
the work of Shaw and Mckay by highlighting on the importance of social ties and new measures of
social disorganization. A society with an internal consensus of social norms and cultural values is
essentially the BASIS of a social system. Contrarily, this system is labeled socially disorganized
when there is a breakdown in social control or SOMETHING among its elements. The theory
suggest the absence or reduction of cohesion and solidarity in a community, will result in a increase
of crime rates and deviant behavior. To support these

Introduction The argument in which this paper is intended to argue is that those individuals who
live in poverty have a greater chance at committing crimes than those who do not. There are many
possible factors and reasons as to why people who live in poverty can commit more crimes that those
who do not and this essay will attempt to explain that. The independent variable for this argument
would be the poverty that individuals have to endure and live through, while the dependent variables
are crime rates in that neighborhood.
Although various theories can be used in order to explain the link between poverty and crime, the
one that best fits would be social disorganization theory. Social disorganization theory is a theory,
which emphasizes environmental impacts of living in neighborhoods that are high in crime and
also stresses that this is the reason that criminal activity increases (Tibbetts & Hemmens, 2015).
The Chicago school theory is otherwise known as the theory of social disorganization as well.
Chicago was the fastest growing city in America back in the 19th century (Tibbetts & Hemmens,
2015). This theory aimed at explaining why such rapid growth of a city caused so much crime in
areas that were growing (Tibbetts & Hemmens, 2015). This is important to the reader as it shows
that there is a major social aspect to the problem of crime in which the environment of an individual,
if living in poverty, may influence the way in which they socialize, live and ultimately

The Theory Of Social Disorganization
In 1942, the theory of social disorganization was developed by two criminology researchers by the
name of Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay. Social disorganization theory focuses on a person
physical and social environments are what causes their behavioral choices. This means that if a
person is placed in a neighborhood where there is a high crime rate, or the neighborhood is not
dynamic, this can cause them to participate in such crimes, or make the wrong behavioral choices
within the youth. In the rural poor communities with high crime rate, children who are not
supervised or are not giving rules, are likely to participate in juvenile crimes. Merton's anomie
theory can best be explained as a strain that is placed on someone when they culturally pressured
by society. For example many people desire to achieve the American Dream, which to live a
wealthy lifestyle, or have a certain amount of income. When a person cannot achieve those goals,
they become mentally strained, which leads to participating in such behaviors so they can achieve
the feeling of their goals. In juxtaposition to Mertons anomie theory, Robert Agnew general strain
theory identifies that a person who has been through struggles are more likely to experience
behavioral problems. Agnew's general strain theory is based on the general idea that "when people
are treated badly they may get upset and engage in crime". These behavioral acts may be caused by
certain factors that consist of, parental influences or

Social disorganization theory is a perspective on crime and deviance that examines the community
and how it influences crime. Overtime there have been several school shootings and other crime on
college campuses throughout the US. People have been left wondering how such crimes can happen
in an educational community. Barton, Jensen, and Kaufman break down the variables that go into a
college community such as Greek life, race, and age in their article "Social Disorganization Theory
and The College Campus". The authors try to find out what influences cause crime on college
campuses and how to deter it. Social disorganization theory is based on the community and how it
influences crime. According to Oxford dictionary a community is defined as "A group of people
living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common" ("Definition of Community
in English"). A college campus has many factors pointing to being a community. For example, most
colleges have dorms or apartments on campus and in some cases the college requires their students
to live on campus for the first year in attending the school. This causes their students to be more
social and interact with a large group of people. Another factor the supports the fact that colleges are
a community is the culture. Most colleges have their own sports teams and have school spirit which
brings the community together as a whole. Everyone that comes to college lives a unique life and
this is what makes

Essay on Social Disorganization Theory
"SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY"
Written by Andrew Lien & Henry Nunnery
J201 Section: 23607 Theoretical Foundations of Criminal Justice Policies
Tuesdays, 06:00P–08:40P Instructor: Mark T. Berg, Ph.D.
The main assumption of Social Disorganization Theory is the ability to explain why crime
committed by lower class communities is more prominent than neighborhoods from communities in
better economic areas. This theory is the relationship of the destabilization of urban communities and
neighborhoods through Shaw and McKay's study (Quoted in Siegal, 2010) that used the analysis of
Ernest Burgess's Concentric Zones Model. This model generates ideas that the closer to "zone 2",
individuals in a community have more stress factors...show more content...
Lander used the Baltimore juvenile court to use as the center of his research to come to his
conclusions (Walker, 2009).
The Social Disorganization Theory evolved further when, David Bordua started his research in
1959 trying to replicate Lander's research. His goal was to clear up criticism brought forth from
Lander's outcomes during his research study. Lander and Bordua were trying to prove identical
outcomes with their study however; they used a couple of different variables to get their findings.
For example, Lander used foreign born and non–white individuals for his study who also were
homeowners, while Bordua used everyone in the population and included people who rented
their home. Another difference is that Lander was using a census from the 1940s' while Bordua
chose to do his research based on the 1950s' census. Bordua used the data from the Detroit,
Michigan juvenile court as the basis of his research. He ended up with the same general
conclusions as Lander's 1954 research and mostly contradictory to Shaw and McKay's 1954
studies. Bordua found a relationship between overcrowded areas and juvenile delinquency, not
necessarily was crime based on below standard housing. He also concluded that income did not play
a significant role of the indicators of delinquency, but being foreign born did have a high correlation
with delinquency. (Walker, 2009).
Social Disorganization Theory expanded once

Community And Social Disorganization Theory
Community and Social Disorganization In the early part of the twentieth century, some social
observers criticize that "while criminal anthropologists Lombroso and Hooton focused their attention
on discerning whether criminals had larger foreheads or more tattoos than non criminals, they
ignored the larger changes in society that were occurring around then" (Cullen, 97). In other words,
these social observers indicate that the traditional criminology, such as the biological theory, is
established without considering the presence of the society. Thus, researchers start to focus on
examining the social factors, such as education level, age, and social class to explain criminality in
the context of the community. In this paper I will argue that in the frame of the social
disorganization theory, the social characteristics, such as instability of highcrime community are
factors of social disorganization, and crime is viewed as a phenomenon that is caused by social
disorders. As a result, the criminal justices agencies tend to implement laws and policies that stress
the importance of "collective efficacy." Nevertheless, as one of the key stages incriminal justice
system, incarceration may increase the potentiality of instability, and may lead to more crime
activities. In his book, Crime And Public Policy, James Wilson states that a neighborhood is " a
collection of both people and institutions occupying a spatially defined area influenced by ecological,
cultural, market and

The social disorganization theory also emphasises the importance of social relationships and
interaction with our neighbors when preventing crime and deviance (Kornhauser 1978, Sampson
and Groves 1998). This explains the reason for high crime rates in urban areas, as it is often that they
do not have good relations with their neighbors. The social disorganization theory outlines that the
cultural diversity in many urban areas means that they fail to be able to work together. This causes
them to care less about what their neighbors think and therefore draws them to commit more crime,
which highlights how crime can be seen as a social construction as the lack of social relationship
has meant that people living in urban areas are condemned to...show more content...
This is a theory based on the legal system that arose during the eighteenth century Enlightenment, a
time where globalization was increasing and the opportunity to commit different types of crime had
risen, for example, trafficking. The classicism theory demonstrates the idea that society is a
self–interested one, with most people pursuing actions that benefit themselves, however, they have
an element of rational choice and this guides them when deciding to commit a criminal act. This
is supported by Felson and Clarke's (1993), 'rational choice theory,' which believes that a potential
criminal will weigh up the benefits and drawbacks before deciding to follow through with a crime.
The Classicist theory believes that the legal system helps to ensure that societies rational choice is
guided in the morally correct direction, with it arguing that by having a structure of punishments
for particular crimes, this will act as deterrence and potentially cause for a decline in crime. This
identifies how crime can be seen as a social and ideologically construction, in the way that the legal
system contributes to people's decision regarding whether or not they should commit a crime.
However, this theory is criticised as it assumes that all criminals think about what they are doing
before they do it, yet, many crimes are often pursued out of

Social Disorganization Theory Essay
Social Disorganization theory connects crime rates to neighborhood ecological characteristics. Based
on the research and according to Osgood and Chambers, social disorganization theory specifies three
important variables; residential instability, ethnic Heterogeneity, female–headed households. These
three variables are considered to be the most criminogenic.
Instability– Based on Osgood and Chambers research, criminal behaviors are high and the rates of
juvenile violence in both rural and urban areas would increase. According to the article when the
population is changing constantly, residents would have less time to develop a strong bond with
each other. "Osgood and Chambers found that residential instability is associated with higher rates
of rape, aggravated assault, weapons violations, and simple assaults as well as the overall violent
crime index." (Osgood and Chambers pg. 22) If there is no communication or understanding within a
community, how can it stand as a strong fold. Ethnic Heterogeneity – Ethnic Heterogeneity also
known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I
consider to be one of the...show more content...
Nothing is wrong with a female being the head of the household, if that is the only parent raising
a child. However, in a two parent household parenting should be shared among the adults. If there
is a strain to give your time, energy and support to your child, they will eventually find it
elsewhere. More or so likely by joining a gang or committing criminal activities to feel as though
they belong. "Given the coefficient of 5.31 for the violent crime index, an increase of 13% in
female–headed households would produce a doubling of the offense rate, the strongest relationship
in the model." (Osgood and Chambers pg.

History has had many theorys and espeially in criminal justice , every one knows that no system
is perfect . and if it is they just haven't found it yet. but we come with many thoerys and one that
stock to me was the social thoery that we are infuneced by the people and things around us ,we all
know it it can be from a ganag to a tv show to our parents, to our every day hero but one criminal
justice that stock to me was the social theories the (social disorganization) part. The fact that the
social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the
people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than
likely going to be doing robberies. that is one example...show more content...
i remember walking in a bathroom a couple of times in my high school freshmen year and seeing
kids doing and taking drugs. i asked my self how could anyone do that to themselves and I believe
that their hurt by something other than drugs. that influences every one and they have been
influenced by someone older like a parent, older sibling , and/or a friend . You don't just one day
every just pick one random day to influence your self to do something like that, you have to be
influenced by someone or something.Thats why i think we should have a program to inform
and possibly prevent teenagers from doing such terrible things to themselves. Then poverty is a
big problem in this nation . I believe that poverty plays a big issue in people stealing since they
pretty much have nothing but the clothes on their back . We say we are a great nation ,but with
greatness is bigger problems since poverty is a really big issue in this nation. I believe we should
have more finical support on the lower class since they have to deal with all these problems and i
feel like were forgetting about them , i think we need to have a bigger on schools as well because
some schools lack the help of the aid that this nation should be

The Importance Of Social Disorganization
Sutherland stated that social disorganization, the context in which individuals are embed, regulates
criminal involvement (Lilly, Cullen, &Ball, 2014; p. 44). Society that has disorganization comes
with a higher rate of criminal activity, due to the people living in the area. Sutherland and his
differential association claimed that crime was associated with the learned behavior that came from
one's social groups and community. Thus, resulting in the spread of criminality when there are
people within the society that fall into criminal behavior. Shaw and Mckay used term social
disorganization as to describe neighborhoods which controls have been weakened and criminal
traditions rivaled conventional institutions (Lilly, Cullen, &Ball, 2014; p.44). Sutherland stated that
differential association is present in community's criminal culture and conventional culture that take
place inside the community. The criminal activity in a society can vary in amount and severity in
different locations. Cultural conflict has a role in the idea of the growth of criminal behavior.
Ronald Akers also believed that criminal behavior was learned through social interactions. Aker's
learning theory revolved around Sutherland's theory but also built on it. Aker's theory included
differential association along with the definitions and social reinforcement. The focus was the
definitions used to describe criminal behavior, which was the platform of his theory. Akers discussed
that there are general and

Theories Of Social Disorganization Theory
Social Disorganization 1
Social Disorganization and High Crime Rates
Brianna Reyes
CRJU 3170–01
Professor Flores
November 26, 2017
Social Disorganization 2
Introduction
The two theorist that developed the social disorganization theory were Clifford Shaw and Henry D.
Mckay according to their book "Juvenile Delinquency in Urban Areas" they created this theory
throughout research they were doing. The two theorists of the social disorganization theory were
criminology researchers from the "Chicago School". Social disorganization theory is at the macro
level. It looks among different communities and neighborhoods. And it studies many people in the
neighborhoods not just one single individual. This theory is the most valid at the macro level because
crime rates are explained better in this theory than any other. How Shaw and Mckay created...show
more content...
One policy implication of the theory is community project and create social organizations. Some of
the ways they can do this is clean up disorder, have recreation programs for youth and increase
influence over politicians. Another policy implication is gang intervention. This is where trained
gang intervention workers connect with gang members to provide crisis intervention to stop future
violent situations, make peace treaties between rival gangs and provide positive opportunities to
gang members like occupational training, employment and drug alcohol abuse treatment. Last policy
implication of the theory is crime prevention and treatment. When neighborhoods try to get all the
residents living in that neighborhood to join together to improve the neighborhood and solve local

There are various reasons why people are drug addicted or drug dealer. Experts create theories
based on the data from drug activities in the area. Social disorganization and Cultural transmission
explain why people became drug addicted or drug dealer. People turn to drug because feeling
hopelessness, peer's influence, and culture.
Drugs are a way to escape from feeling alienated. This can occur in all ages. Social disorganization
theory defined as the "decline of influence of existing social rules of behavior upon individuals
within a group "(Wong). In other words, the person lost the capacity to act communally and freely
expressing their moods and desires in delinquent behavior. Individuals would feel hopelessness,
sadness, and isolation. Some factors affecting the individual are "racial prejudice, low
socioeconomic status, lack of positive self–esteem and uncharitable urban surrounding" (Lyman). In
the result, people relied on drugs to relieve these overwhelming feeling. For example, "a line of
cocaine or two, might temporarily relieve some symptoms" (Zwolinski et al., 2013). People have a
difficult time overcoming their distress....show more content...
Cultural transmission theory explained how information passed from individual to another through
social learning such as "imitation, teaching or language" (Mesoudi & Whiten, 2008). Each person
"must acquire most of the knowledge it needs to thrive in the local environment on its own" (Kline
et al., 2013). In order to gain knowledge, the person is influence by his or her family, friends, or
colleagues. Children who associate regularly with criminals and drug dealer look at them as role
models (Lyman). Younger children would assume this type of behaviors and action is

Social Disorganization And Strain Theory
Hi Will,
I really liked how you've highlighted the asked question, by separating it in several parts. I also use
to do it in such a manner, it's a great way to help ourselves to divide our response on what is less
and more important.
I think, You've hit an important point, while you spoke about the influence of our environment and
location. The environmental theory is one of my personal choice, which I find to have the most of
the logic in it's application to the practice of our everyday life, regarding the crime disposition and
setting. In my work I gave an example of "settled neighbourhood" as well.
Actually, we have a lot in common in our works and way of thinking regarding the possible
solutions. Me too, I think that economic criterion has very heavy weight (draws heavily) for general
significance of delinquency.
Personally, I would add Subcultural theory to the two, you've chosen the social disorganization and
strain theories, in explaining the reasons of gang strength....show more content...
Legal or illegal. Surely, the legal immigrants won't risk their status in exchange of the criminal
prospectives. They have something more valuable for them to lose and may be the good
contributors to the society development in general. While, the illegal may have in some cases no
choice to meet the legal means other than proposed by the gangs. They may think the collective
activities, even if criminals, may benefit them. And what do you think about the idea of legalizing a
part of the illegal immigrant, who lives in the US for a long time? Do you think this will contribute
to the stability of the

Social Disorganization Theory Explained

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Social Disorganization Theory Explained