1. A Vision on the Evolution to
5G Networks
Dr. Fabrício Lira Figueiredo
Wireless Division Manager, CPqD

2. Agenda
1. Drivers for the evolution to 5G networks
2. Key technological challenges
3. Major trends for increasing capacity
4. Macrocells for rural applications
5. Conclusion

3. Global Mobile Devices and Connections
7
Billions of Subscribers
6
4G
3G
2G
76%
57%
5
33%
4
3
23%
2
10%
1
0
1%
2012
1% 2%
19%
9%
2012
69%
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
7% 4%
7%
30%
2016
52%
Source: GSMA 2013

4. Fast Growth of Traffic Demand
Exabyte per month
66% Annual Growth
12
11.2
9
7.4
6
4.5
2.8
3
0.2
0.4
2010
2011
1.6
0.9
0
2012
2013
File Sharing
11%
51% 2012
2014
M2M
2015
2016
2017
Web/Data
Video
4%
3%
2017
35%
5%
25%
66%
Source: Cisco 2013

5. Multiple Devices

6. Advanced Video Applications
Stereoscopic 3D
100
50
50
100
150
200
250 Mbps
Multiview 3D HDTV
8K Ultra HDTV
Multiview 3D SDTV
4K Ultra HDTV
Conferencing, Sharing and Collaboration
Stereo 3D HDTV
Ultra HD
Stereo 3D SDTV
8K-UHD
Video HD
Uplink
HDTV
Downlink
4K-UHD
HD
Source: Huawey 2013
1080
3840
7680

7. Internet of Things
More than 50 billions devices in 2020!
Low data rate and low power
consumption applications

8. Powerful
devices
Complex
contents
More
subscribers
Heavy users
600-1000x
More
Capacity

9. Traffic x Revenue Growth
Traffic
Voice Oriented
Traffic and Revenue Decoupling
Revenue
Data Oriented
2013
2020

10. The Challenges for the Evolution to 5G
• Legacy
Core
• Interoperability
• Security
• Management
Backhaul
• Availability
• Capacity
• Robustness
RAN
• Spectrum
• Performance
• Security
• Mobility
• Interoperability

11. Mobile Technology Evolution
HSPA
HSPA+
LTE
CDMA2000 1X
REV A
LTE-A
5G
REV B
2020
2G
3G (HSPA)
4G
BW
200 KHz
5 MHz
100 MHz
Bitrate
10 Kbps
10 Mbps
1 Gbps
Spectrum
Efficiency
0,05 bps/Hz
2 bps/Hz
5-15 bps/Hz
Latency
150 ms
50 ms
10 ms

12. 5G Expected Timeline
5G Research, Initiatives and
Partnerships
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
5G
Standardization
2016
Rel-14
Rel-13
Rel-12
2017
2018
5G Product
Technology
2019
2020
ITU WRC
IMT-2020 (5G)
5G
Commercial
Deployment
2022

13. Challenges for 5G Networks
Transmission rates above 1 Gbps, reaching up to 10 Gbps until 2020
Higher spectral efficiency, at least by a factor of 3
Increasing spectrum availability, at least by a factor of 2
Heterogeneous, self-organized and cloud architectures
Lower latency, reaching 1ms
Lower power consumption on both devices and infrastructure
High capacity backhaul, based on radio and fiber technologies

14. Increasing Capacity
Demand for
600-1000x
capacity
Network density
x 100
Small Cells
HetNet
UE
e-NodeB
MIMO

15. Increasing Capacity: up to 10 Gbps !
Macro: ~3 Gbps
Small Outdoor: ~5 Gbps
Small indoor: ~10 Gbps

16. More spectrum is required
Spectrum is heterogeneous, fragmented and scarce
20
20
20
20
100 MHz
Carrier aggregation is a powerful
approach to increase spectrum
usage efficiency

17. More Advanced Radio Interface
20
20
20
20
100 MHz
Carrier Aggregation
Current bands, 1 Gbps + New bands, 10 Gbps
very wide
450, 700, 800, 900
1800, 2100, 2600
> 3000
> 20
> 20
> 100 MHz
super wide
> 10000
2020
TDD
FDD
Hybrid radio
High Frequency
Low Frequency
UL: OFDMA
UL: SC-FDMA
Less Overhead

18. Capacity Limitation
7
Higher order modulations?
Spectrum Efficiency (bps/Hz)
6
Shannon Limit
5
64-QAM
256-QAM
4
64 QAM
1024-QAM
3
2
16 QAM
1
QPSK
0
5
10
SNR (dB)
15
20
CQI* = 0, 1, …, 15
*CQI: Channel Quality Indication

19. Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing - GFDM
•
•
•
•
Low out of band emission
Flexible system parameters
Increased spectral resolution
-
higher efficiency at band edge
Does not require strict synchronization and orthogonality
OFDM x GFDM
= 2048
= 1200
Source: Fetweiss et al, “5G Now Project”

20. Active Antenna System – AAS
3D Beamforming
Irradiator
elements
Transceivers
Vertical Beamforming
■ Multiple downtilts with multiple Cell IDs
■ Dedicated beams to subscribers groups
Pre-distortion, CFR
Source: 3GPP TR 37.840, “Study of AAS Base Station”.

21. Hetereogeneous Networks - HetNets
Macro & Small Cells
SmallCell in
shadowing location
Macro Cell

22. Hetereogeneous Networks - HetNets
Coordinated
temporal allocations
Interference Coordination
- Increased data rate
- Better performance all over the cells
Increasing
bps/Hz/cell
Enhanced Inter Cell Interference
Coordination (eICIC)
Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP)

23. Self Organizing Networks - SON
Self-configured eNB (plug-and-play)
Handover optimization
Coverage and load balance optimization
Self-recovery and energy saving
EPC/IMS
Cloud RAN
RAN Sharing
Equipment
Costs
Operational
Costs (no SON)
Tempo

24. Macro Cells for Rural Areas
Mobile broadband for rural areas remains a challenge …
Internet
LTE
cable
SmallCell
EPC
NMS
IMS
Core
Network
3 km
>30 km
Macro
Cell
LTE
EPC: Evolved Packet Core
IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem
Wi-Fi

25. LTE 450 MHz
458
451
459
SMP, STFC and SCM
460
461
458
7 MHz (uplink)
468
461
468
7 MHz (downlink)
3GPP Band 31
SLP, SLE
SLP, SLE
SLP Airports
450 MHz 451
1 MHz 1 MHz
7 MHz
SLMP
SMP, STFC and SCM
SLP Airports
1 MHz 1 MHz 1 MHz
SARC
7 MHz
SLMP
1 MHz
SARC
ANATEL Channelization
469
470

26. Conclusion
1. Evolution to 5G networks concept is already under discussion by
academia, vendors and some operators
2. The demand for the evolution to 5G networks will be driven by the
fast growth of data traffic until 2020, especially mobile video
3. Main goal is to significantly increase network performance and
flexibility, while minimizing CAPEX and OPEX
4. Several technological challenges shall be handled in order to
accomplish the 5G goals: higher capacity will be the most critical
5. Ubiquitous services can become reality in 5G, but further efforts
will be required for supporting some relevant applications, such as
rural area communications, M2M and public safety

27. Thank you!
Special acknowledgement to Brazilian Commmunications
Ministry, FUNTTEL and FINEP for the funding and strategic
contributions to all CPqD LTE Projects.
Ministério das
Comunicações
Fabrício Lira Figueiredo
fabricio@cpqd.com.br
+55 19 9838-2308
www.cpqd.com.br