history of contemporary architecture - 02. Local Revivals .ppt

Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois
Local Revivals
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz 1
University of Jordan
Summer Semester
Year 2017/2018

Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois.
2. Local Revivalism
• Some architects saw that designing neoclassical architecture is a crime to the
country.
• Simultaneously with the neoclassical there were locals revivals emerging in that
own country, mainly Gothic Revivalism.
• Gothic architecture was more tentative (temporary) to local architecture.It
brings back into use many Gothic Revivals.
• Therefore many Gothic Cathedrals are restored.
2
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz

2. Local Revivalism
• There was Classical revivalism in the 17th century with Renaissance.
• Pantheon, in Rome is an example of classical architecture that was:
• Revisited.
• Re-evaluated.
• Therefore Archeology started and excavations started with the ruins.
• Anthropology Started.
• Popularity of Classical and Ancient books.
3

2. Local Revivalism
The Gothic Revival
• The gothic revival means what it says.
• Beneath the stony weight of 18th century classicism,
Gothic was like thin, delicate.
• Gothic became more a matter of faith than of fashion.
• It’s English prophet was John Ruskin, its priests the
Oxford Movement and the Camden Society, founded in
1839, who for fifty years were the rigorous arbiters of
ecclesiastical taste.
4
John Ruskin

2. Local Revivalism
The Gothic Revival
• Its busiest architect was Sir
George Gilbert Scott (1811-1878)
• with 8000 buildings, including St
Pancras Hotel and St Nicolas,
Hamburg, to his credit.
5

2. Local Revivalism
The Gothic Revival
St Pancras Hotel, London
• Forming the frontispiece of St
Pancras railway station.
• Opened in 1873.
6
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz The building Grade I listed

2. Local Revivalism
The Gothic Revival
• St Pancras Hotel, London
7

2. Local Revivalism
The Gothic Revival
• St Pancras Hotel, London
8
Staircase inside the St. Pancras Hotel

2. Local Revivalism
The Gothic Revival
• St Nicolas, Hamburg.
• Was formerly one of the
five main churches in the city
of Hamburg.
• The church lies now in ruins,
with only its tower remaining,
serving as a memorial and an
important architectural
landmark.
9
Right: The neo-Gothic church. Left: the tower that
survived.

2. Local Revivalism
• Greek Revival
10
St. Pancras Parish Church,
London, 1819-21

11
Merchants’ Exchange building, Philadelphia;
designed by William Strickland.
The Merchants' Exchange Building is a
historic building located in Philadelphia.
• It was designed by architect William
Strickland.
• In the Greek Revival style, the first national
American architectural style and built
between 1832 and 1834.
• The building was declared a National
Historic Landmark in 2001.

2. Local Revivalism
In Italy During the 17th Century:
• In Florence a lot of families at the Renaissance time supported the classical
Revivalism where they appreciated arts. Whole buildings used to represent a
classical columns an abstraction to column. Like the Palazzo.
• In Renaissance the Ideal City changed through the idea of perspective and the
Idea of perceiving the Spaces of the City. This invention of Perspective aided the
city and the way we see the Urban Spaces.
The 19th Century was a century of Revivalism:
• Many reactions came later against this Revivalism whether its Gothic of Neo-
Classical. Therefore Appeared the Avant-Garde, the Futurists!
12

2. Local Revivalism
The 19th Century Revivalism:
• Villa Capra: It is a Palladian style that was copied in the 19th century by Palladio
who was a revivalist in the Renaissance style.
• Claude Nicholas Ledaux: He rejected ornamentations of the Baroque and
Rococo and was looking for origins and yet simplicity and little details.
• They were correcting proportions of the classical architecture.
• Ultimate return to basics, primitive but classical architecture’s basis.
13

• Villa La Rotonda is a Renaissance villa just outside Vicenza in northern Italy, and
designed by Andrea Palladio. Building began in 1567. Neither Palladio nor the owner
were to see the completion of the villa.
14
Villa Capra "La Rotonda" in Vicenza.

2. Local Revivalism
Lord Burlington (1694-1753)
• British architecture based on antiquity
• Neoclassical architecture characterized
by Palladian revival
• Palladian style of perfect geometry,
symmetry, harmony, logic, and
mathematics reflects beauty and
nobility of ancient Greece and Rome
• Function less important than beauty
15
Lord Burlington and William Kent, Chiswick House,
1725. Chiswick, London. Fig. 22.5

• Neo-Classical architects look to the Renaissance and ancient predecessors for
inspiration and instructions
16
Andrea Palladio, Villa Capra (La Rotonda),
1566-1571, Vicenza, Italy.
Lord Burlington and William Kent, Chiswick House,
1725. Chiswick, London. Fig. 22.5

17
Matthew Brettingham the Younger, 1754. Foots Cray
Place, "The Principle Story Plan.”
Another example of Palladian Revival

Horace Walpole (1717-1797)
• Gothic revival style.
• Marries architecture with dramatic landscape.
– Landscape is natural with rolling hills, overgrown ivy, and irregularity.
• Estates often decorated or accented with ancient inspired ruins or Gothic style.
– Purpose was to create nostalgic feeling, allow for emotional response.
• Design is particularly medieval.
18
Horace Walpole and William Robinson, Strawberry
Hill, 1749-1777. Twickenham, England. Fig. 22.7

2. Local Revivalism
• The 19th Century Revivalism:
1. Ste-Genevieve:
• Influence of Roman/Classical architecture.
• Attention to structural details.
• Removal of excessive ornamentation of Baroque.
19

2. Local Revivalism
1. Ste. – Genevieve (Henri Labrouste, Paris, 1842-50.):
20
Henri Labrouste (1801-
1875) made a fine
architectural use of cast
iron in the Ste.-Genevieve
in Paris.
On the exterior the
building presents a
correct Neo-Classical
facade recalling Italian
Renaissance palace and
church designs.

2. Local Revivalism
1. Ste-Genevieve (Henri Labrouste, Paris, 1842-50.):
21
But on the interior at the 2nd
floor level one finds for that
time an unprecedentedly
great reading room which
extends the width and length
of the building, covered by
light semicircular cast iron
arches.

2. Local Revivalism
22

2. Local Revivalism
23

2. Local Revivalism
2. Boullée :
• between 1778 and 1788 that Boullée made his biggest impact on
architecture.
• He developed a distinctive abstract geometric style inspired by Classical
forms.
• Characteristic:
1. Removal of all unnecessary ornamentation.
2. Inflating geometric forms to a huge scale.
3. Repeating elements such as columns in huge ranges.
24

2. Local Revivalism
2. Boullée :
• Cenotaph of Isaac Newton.
• Built in1784.
• Sphere form of 150 m high embedded in a circular base.
• It was not built, but it was meant as a temple of Science that shows the
obsession to go back to pure simple Geometry.
• It is a Sublime Space.
• This suggests cultural changes that evokes feelings of respect of science.
• It introduced Sublime spaces with Light being controlled.
• The divine here is the Scientific Revolution.
25

2. Local Revivalism
2. Boullée :
• Basically, the building is a large sphere that represents both the land and Newton’s
discoveries.
• Its access can be gained through the base and, despite its size, only a small area of
such base can be occupied.
26

2. Local Revivalism
2. Boullée :
• Its surface is skilfully perforated, so that
sunlight can enter during the day and create
the picture of the night sky.
• At night a great source of artificial light in the
centre portrays the daytime image.
• Light represents Newton, lighting the
knowledge of mankind.
27
Étienne-Louis Boullée, Newton’s
Cénotaph, 1784-93

Further Examples of Local Revivals
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz 28

2. Local Revivalism
29
Palais de Justice (Law Courts),
Brussels, 1866-1883
Joseph Poelaert

2. Local Revivalism
30
Palais de Justice (Law Courts), Brussels, 1866-
1883, Joseph Poelaert

2. Local Revivalism
31
Palais de Justice (Law Courts), Brussels, 1866-
1883, Joseph Poelaert

2. Local Revivalism
32
Schwerin Castle, Hungary, 1851
Friedrich August Stüler

2. Local Revivalism
33
National Museum of Fine Arts, Stockholm,
1846-1866, Friedrich August Stüler

2. Local Revivalism
34

2. Local Revivalism
35

Thank you 
36

history of contemporary architecture - 02. Local Revivals .ppt

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie history of contemporary architecture - 02. Local Revivals .ppt

Ähnlich wie history of contemporary architecture - 02. Local Revivals .ppt (20)

Mehr von Dania Abdel-aziz

Mehr von Dania Abdel-aziz (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

history of contemporary architecture - 02. Local Revivals .ppt