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RIPv1 Protocol Fundamentals
1.
RIP version 1 Routing
Protocols and Concepts – Chapter 5 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
2.
Objectives Describe the functions,
characteristics, and operation of the RIPv1 protocol. Configure a device for using RIPv1. Verify proper RIPv1 operation. Describe how RIPv1 performs automatic summarization. Configure, verify, and troubleshoot default routes propagated in a routed network implementing RIPv1. Use recommended techniques to solve problems related to RIPv1 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
3.
RIPv1 RIP Characteristics -A
classful, Distance Vector (DV) routing protocol -Metric = hop count -Routes with a hop count > 15 are unreachable -Updates are broadcast every 30 seconds ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
4.
RIPv1 RIP Message
Format RIP header - divided into 3 fields -Command field -Version field -Must be zero Route Entry - composed of 3 fields -Address family identifier -IP address -Metric ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
5.
RIPv1 RIP Operation –RIP
uses 2 message types: Request message -This is sent out on startup by each RIP enabled interface -Requests all RIP enabled neighbors to send routing table Response message -Message sent to requesting router containing routing table ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
6.
RIPv1 IP addresses
initially divided into classes -Class A -Class B -Class C RIP is a classful routing protocol -Does not send subnet masks in routing updates ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
7.
RIPv1 Administrative Distance –RIP’s
default administrative distance is 120 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
8.
Basic RIPv1 Configuration
A typical topology suitable for use by RIPv1 includes: -Three router set up -No PCs attached to LANs -Use of 5 different IP subnets ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
9.
Basic RIPv1 Configuration
Router RIP Command –To enable RIP enter: -Router rip at the global configuration prompt -Prompt will look like R1(config-router)# ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
10.
Basic RIPv1 Configuration
Specifying Networks –Use the network command to: -Enable RIP on all interfaces that belong to this network -Advertise this network in RIP updates sent to other routers every 30 seconds ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
11.
Verification and Troubleshooting
Show ip Route To verify and troubleshoot routing -Use the following commands: -show ip route -show ip protocols -debug ip rip ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
12.
Verification and Troubleshooting
show ip protocols command -Displays routing protocol configured on router ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
13.
Verification and Troubleshooting
Debug ip rip command -Used to display RIP routing updates as they are happening ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
14.
Verification and Troubleshooting
Passive interface command -Used to prevent a router from sending updates through an interface -Example: Router(config-router)#passive-interface interface-type interface-number ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
15.
Verification and Troubleshooting
Passive interfaces ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
16.
Automatic Summarization Modified Topology
The original scenario has been modified such that: Three classful networks are used: 172.30.0.0/16 192.168.4.0/24 192.168.5.0/24 The 172.30.0.0/16 network is subnetted into three subnets: 172.30.1.0/24 172.30.2.0/24 172.30.3.0/24 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 The following devices are part of the 172.30.0.0/16 classful network address: All interfaces on R1 S0/0/0 and Fa0/0 on R2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
17.
Automatic Summarization Configuration
Details -To remove the RIP routing process use the following command No router rip -To check the configuration use the following command Show run ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
18.
Automatic Summarization Boundary
Routers –RIP automatically summarizes classful networks –Boundary routers summarize RIP subnets from one major network to another. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
19.
Automatic Summarization Processing RIP
Updates 2 rules govern RIPv1 updates: -If a routing update and the interface it’s received on belong to the same network then The subnet mask of the interface is applied to the network in the routing update -If a routing update and the interface it’s received on belong to a different network then The classful subnet mask of the network is applied to the network in the routing update. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
20.
Automatic Summarization Sending
RIP Updates –RIP uses automatic summarization to reduce the size of a routing table. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
21.
Automatic Summarization Advantages
of automatic summarization: -The size of routing updates is reduced -Single routes are used to represent multiple routes which results in faster lookup in the routing table. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
22.
Automatic Summarization Disadvantage
of Automatic Summarization: -Does not support discontiguous networks ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
23.
Automatic Summarization Discontiguous Topologies
do not converge with RIPv1 A router will only advertise major network addresses out interfaces that do not belong to the advertised route. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
24.
Default Route and
RIPv1 Modified Topology: Scenario C Default routes Packets that are not defined specifically in a routing table will go to the specified interface for the default route Example: Customer routers use default routes to connect to an ISP router. Command used to configure a default route is ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/1 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
25.
Default Route and
RIPv1 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
26.
Default Route and
RIPv1 Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1 Default-information originate command -This command is used to specify that the router is to originate default information, by propagating the static default route in RIP update. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
27.
Summary RIP characteristics
include: Classful, distance vector routing protocol Metric is Hop Count Does not support VLSM or discontiguous subnets Updates every 30 seconds Rip messages are encapsulated in a UDP segment with source and destination ports of 520 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
28.
Summary: Commands used
by RIP Command Command’s purpose Rtr(config)#router rip Enables RIP routing process Rtr(config-router)#network Associates a network with a RIP routing process Rtr#debug ip rip used to view real time RIP routing updates Rtr(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0 Prevent RIP updates from going out an interface Rtr(config-router)#default-information originate Used by RIP to propagate default routes Rtr#show ip protocols Used to display timers used by RIP ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
29.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter
1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
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