Crystal Fire Part II

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Phillip Cook

Part 2 of 3 on the book, "Crystal Fire" by Michael Riordan & Lillian Hoddeson

Technologie Business

The Road to Discovery http://people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/brattain3.jpg http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_sscs/sscs/07Spring/HR-1stTransistor.jpg http://www.ieee-virtual-museum.org/media/Gfu2CV9zswnp.jpg

At Bell Laboratories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://1ststagespringhill.org/blog/uploaded_images/eniac-706368.jpg

Bell Labs hires Shockley ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/photo/wshockley.GIF

Breakthrough with Silicon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.ieee-virtual-museum.org/media/Gfu2CV9zswnp.jpg

Silicon Rectifiers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

US enters World War II after Pearl Harbor attack ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

End of World War II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Field Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Transistor is Born Brattain & Gibney observe field effect in silicon sample; amplified effect when electrolytes are used Bardeen suggests n-type germanium; discover method to raise minority carrier population in n-layer Increase frequency response by allowing direct metal-semiconductor slab contact, eliminating “gu”. Now able to amplify power & voltage at a high frequency response Shockley proposes applying voltage through “gu” at the p-n junction rather than point contacts; Brattain anxious to attempt, but gets the flu and experiment is forgotten. http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/transistor/function/images/bild11.gif

The Veil of Secrecy Descends ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Crystal Fire Part II

1. The Road to Discovery http://people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/brattain3.jpg http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_sscs/sscs/07Spring/HR-1stTransistor.jpg http://www.ieee-virtual-museum.org/media/Gfu2CV9zswnp.jpg

3. Rectification Barrier Barrier

10. The Transistor is Born Brattain & Gibney observe field effect in silicon sample; amplified effect when electrolytes are used Bardeen suggests n-type germanium; discover method to raise minority carrier population in n-layer Increase frequency response by allowing direct metal-semiconductor slab contact, eliminating “gu”. Now able to amplify power & voltage at a high frequency response Shockley proposes applying voltage through “gu” at the p-n junction rather than point contacts; Brattain anxious to attempt, but gets the flu and experiment is forgotten. http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/transistor/function/images/bild11.gif

11.