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World Bank Presentation: Managing Disaster Risks for a Resilient Future
1. The Impact of Disasters
is Increasing
Every day, the growth of urban populations drives exposure to natural hazards ever
higher. Unplanned urban expansion, coupled with poor resource management,
destroys natural ecosystems, such as mangroves, wetlands, and forests, that have
russia
2010
protected communities for generations. For e st Fi r e
earthquake
2010
Climate change is exacerbating the danger. Today’s once-in-20-years extreme HAITI 0.1%
53 Dead
GDP $1.8
billion
120% GDP $7.8
temperatures are expected to occur annually by the century’s end, according to 230,000 Dead Billion
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
FLOOD
2010
Pa ki s t a n
It is the poor and vulnerable – women, children, the elderly, marginalized groups, 5.8% GDP $10.1
drought
08-10
1,985 Dead billion
and those recovering from conflict – who often are most exposed to the dangers.
Horn of Africa
When disasters strike, their homes in fragile and often low-lying environments often earthquake
2011
& tsunami
take the brunt of the storms, and their lives feel the greatest pressure when droughts
send food prices soaring. The damage exacerbates existing social and economic
13.3
MILLION JAPAN
4% GDP $210
inequity, which can further marginalize people and stoke civil unrest and conflict. facing food
20,000 Dead billion
FLOOD
shortages
hurricane
2011
2005
United States Thailand
1.0% GDP $125 $45 13% GDP
billion
Disasters
1,833 Dead Billion 813 Dead
but they impact the tsunami
2005
poor and vulnerable Indonesia
affect everyone FLOOD
2000
1% GDP $4.5
the most. 165,000 Dead billion
earthquake Mozambique
2010
& tsunami 10% GDP $0.4
CHILE
800 Dead billion
14% GDP $30
400 $380 562 Dead billion
BILLION
COSTLIEST YEAR
350 ON RECORD
300
Low-income countries
ACCOUNT FOR only
250
48%
200 of the
fatalities.
150
100
9% of the world’s disasters, but
50 1980 2.3 million people killed by disasters 2011
bn US$
1980 $3.5 TRILLION 2011
IN ECONOMIC LOSSES
1 FACT In low-income and small island states, the
impact of natural disasters can exceed an equivalent of GDP. 2
2. Understanding Risk
is Essential
1/2 Mainstreaming disaster risk management in
of the world’s population lives in cities.
development planning can reverse the current
trend of rising disaster impact.
By
2050,
INSTITUTIONAL, POLITICAL, NORMATIVE, FINANCIAL CONTEXT
THE URBAN POPULATION EXPOSED Risk Identification
TO STORMS AND EARTHQUAKES
ALONE COULD MORE THAN DOUBLE TO Risk assessments (community-based, probabilistic
modeling); risk mapping; information campaigns;
1.5 BILLION. public outreach; etc.
Risk Reduction
No country can fully insulate itself from disaster risk, but every country can reduce its
Structural and non-structural measures; land use
vulnerability. Success depends heavily on how well cities are managed. City planners play planning; policies and regulation; infrastructure
important roles through risk-based territorial planning, enforcement of building codes, retrofitting; etc.
early warning systems, and emergency response plans. Governments and donors can help Disaster Risk
cities build this capacity and the knowledge for managing risks. Management Preparedness
is a combination of
Anticipating the hazards and assessing the vulnerabilities of populations and infrastructure Civil protection systems; pre-positioning emergency
is at the core of disaster risk management. Disaster prevention, climate change adaptation, response equipment; early warning systems;
contingency planning; etc.
and the importance of inclusive green growth are becoming ever more intertwined.
By understanding the risks, leaders and individuals can make informed decisions and
set priorities for development. Financial Protection
Assessing and reducing contingent liabilities;
budget appropriation and execution; ex-ante and
ex-post financing instruments; etc.
Weather-related
disasters Resilient Reconstruction
78.4% ACCOUNT FOR US $2.6 TRILLION OF THE
US $3.5 TRILLION ECONOMIC LOSSES Resilient recovery and reconstruction policies;
weather related RECORDED BETWEEN 1980 AND 2011. ex-ante design of institutional response
mechanisms; etc.
US $2.6 trillion
OF THE 22,200 EXTREME EVENTS RECORDED
BETWEEN 1980 AND 2011, 17,400 WERE
CAUSED BY WEATHER EXTREMES.
US $3.5 trillion
3 FACT The cumulative economic impact of low-intensity, high-frequency events
is often greater than the total impact of high-impact, low-frequency events. 4
3. Action Must Go
Beyond Response
Too often, international financing has been dominated by disaster response after the
damage is done rather than prevention and preparedness. Between 1980 and 2009,
US$ 91.2 billion in international aid went to disaster-related activities; just US $3.3 International Disaster Financing
billion of that was for prevention and preparedness. The rest included US $63.7 billion
for emergency response, US $22.6 billion for reconstruction and rehabilitation, and US
$1.5 billion for a combination of purposes. 3.6%
Disaster Prevention
How donors channel aid matters. Financing dedicated to mainstreaming disaster risk
and Preparedness
management can enhance overall development effectiveness and help prevent
humanitarian assistance growing year on year at
a time when donor financing is stretched. 24.8%
Development assistance, both technical
and financial, can supply seed funding for
2% Reconstruction
US $91.2 billion and rehabilitation
national programs, grant technical support
to key risk-related areas, and give momentum
to comprehensive risk management.
69.9%
Natural hazards need not turn into disasters. Between Emergency Response
By investing in disaster risk management
rather than merely responding to disasters,
1980 and 2009
we can save lives, property, and the ABOUT 2% OF TOTAL
expense of rebuilding. DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
was allocated to disaster-related 2015 presents an opportunity to make disaster risk management a
activities. Of this, the smallest development priority: The Millennium Development Goals and the
share went to disaster prevention. Hyogo Framework for Action reach their target dates that year, a new
climate change treaty is anticipated, and the Sustainable Development
Goals proposed at Rio+20 are due by 2015.
We need a
RESILIENCE
CULTURE OF
Millennium Development Goals
Hyogo Framework for Action
Sustainable Development Goals
2015
PREVENTION
International Climate Change Negotiations
5 FACT The Hyogo Framework for Action brings 168 international stakeholders together to
reduce disaster risk. Japan will host the World Conference on Disaster Reduction in 2015. 6
4. MANAGING
The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and
Recovery (GFDRR) is a multi-donor partnership
and financing mechanism to mainstream disaster
DISASTER
and climate risk management into development
strategies and planning. Housed within the World
Bank, GFDRR also acts as Bank's focal point for
RISKS
strategic oversight, partnership building, and
business development in disaster risk management.
for a Resilient Future
THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN
THE WORLD BANK
THE WORLD BANK