C13 U6 Project perfect modals meaning and form

PERFECT MODALS:
MEANING AND FORM

PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM
Let’s remember something first…
Modal
Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense
Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past
Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
(in Past Participle)

Modal
Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense
Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past
Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.

Modal
Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense
Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past
Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.
Yo HE ESTUDIADO por 3 años

Now, let’s see the same structure but
with the Modal Verb (should, could,
may, might, must)…

Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals
Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tense Auxiliary
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in Past Participle
Study
(base form)
Studied
First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
Modal
Verbs

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
Modal
Verbs
HAVE
(haber)

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
Modal
Verbs
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in
Past
Participle

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
Modal
Verbs
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in
Past
Participle
This sentence is
affirmative!

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
Modal
Verbs
HAVE
(haber)
Verb in
Past
Participle
This sentence is
affirmative!
Shouldn’t = negative
Should Colombia have won…? = Interrogative

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning
(debería) (haber) (ganado)

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
(but unfortunately, it didn’t)

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions.

Modal Verbs
Should
Could
May
Might
Must
HAVE
(haber)
Study
(base form)
Studied
We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions.
(Usamos should + have + verb in past participle para expresar “pesar” o “lamentar” acciones pasadas)

Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…
(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)

If I use the modal
verb…
… it will mean…
SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE

If I use the modal
verb…
… it will mean…
Regrets about past actions
(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones
pasadas)

If I use the modal
verb…
… it will mean…
I failed the test!! I should have studied more...
…but unfortunately, I didn’t.
pasadas)

If I use the modal
verb…
… it will mean…
I failed the test!! I should have studied more...
(Perdí el test!! Debí haber estudiado mas)
…but unfortunately, I didn’t.
pasadas)

… it will mean…
pasadas)
My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it...
…but unfortunately, I did.
If I use the modal
verb…

… it will mean…
pasadas)
My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it...
(Mi carró se varó!! No Debí haberlo compardo)
…but unfortunately, I did.
If I use the modal
verb…

… it will mean…If I use the modal
verb…
WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE

verb…
Speculate about the past
(Especular sobre el pasado)

verb…
I should have bought that house. I would have been happy
there.

verb…
there.
(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí)

verb…
there.
(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí) I don’t know it for certain. It is a
speculation of what would have
happened.
(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación
de lo que hubiera pasado)

verb…
there.
(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí)
NOTE!!!: Normally WOULD HAVE translates “HUBIERA” in Spanish.
I don’t know it for certain. It is a
happened.

verb…
This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different
computer.

verb…
computer.
happened.

verb…
computer.
(Este computador es terrible! Pude/podría haber comprado un computador
diferente)
happened.

verb…
Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food.

verb…
happened.

verb…
(Nuesetro primo Jake esta enfermo. Él pudo haber comido comida podrida)
happened.

verb…
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

verb…
Draw conclusions about the
past
(Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado)

verb…
past
David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money.

verb…
past
Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s
a conclusion a draw.
(Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una
conclusión que saco)

verb…
past
(David tiene un lindo carro. Debe haber costado mucho dinero)

verb…
past
Carl failed the test. He must not have studied enough.
(Carl perdió el test. Él no debió haber estudiado suficiente)

Let’s summarize….

A Perfect Modal is a Modal
verb in perfect form

Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must

Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
“HAVE” + Verb in
Past Participle

Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
Past Participle
Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle

Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
Past Participle
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must

Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
Past Participle
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
“HAVE”
(Haber:
Yo he…
Tu has…
Él ha..
Etc…)

Modal Verbs are:
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
Perfect Tenses uses
Past Participle
Should
Would
Could
May
Might
Must
“HAVE”
(Haber:
Yo he…
Tu has…
Él ha..
Etc…)
Verb  Past Participle
Eat  Eaten
Go  Gone
Come  Come
Write  Written
Study  Studied

Perfect Modals in
Affirmative
I should have gone to the movies

Perfect Modals in
Affirmative
Perfect Modals in
NegativeI should have gone to the movies
I shouldn’t have gone to the movies

Perfect Modals in
Affirmative
Perfect Modals in
Negative
Perfect Modals in
Interrogative
I should have gone to the movies
I shouldn’t have gone to the movies
Should I have gone to the movies?

A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect
form

form
Depending on the Perfect Modal we use
the meaning is different
(Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto)

form
If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST
ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

form
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals
WOULD
COULD
MAY
MIGHT
HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

form
If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS
ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals
WOULD
COULD
MAY
MIGHT
HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

I have eaten burritos,
lechona and
tamales..

lechona and
tamales..
…now, I have a
terrible
stomachache…

lechona and
tamales..
…now, I have a
terrible
stomachache…
I shouldn’t have eaten
so much food!

lechona and
tamales..
…now, I have a
terrible
stomachache…
I shouldn’t have eaten
so much food!
I regreat having eaten so much food! Bu unfortunately, I did.
(Me arrepiento haber comido tanta comida! Pero desafortunadamente,
lo hice.)

If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the
Perfect Modals
WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT

Perfect Modals
My job is so boring,
and I don’t make
much money…

Perfect Modals
and I don’t make
much money…
…I should have
studied medicine…

Perfect Modals
and I don’t make
much money…
…I should have
studied medicine…
I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t.
(Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)

Perfect Modals
and I don’t make
much money…
…I should have
studied medicine…
… I would/could/may/might
have been so happy and rich!

Perfect Modals
and I don’t make
much money…
…I should have
studied medicine…
… I would/could/may/might
have been so happy and rich!
I think (speculate) that if I had studied medicine, I would have been rich and happy
(Creo (especulo) que si yo hubiera estudiado medicina, hubiera sido rico y feliz)

If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE
PAST, use the Perfect Modal

Why is Mark sleeping
here? It’s working
time!

time!
He mustn’t have had
enough time to sleep

time!
He must have gone
party last night!.

time!
He must have gone
party last night!.The fact
(El hecho)

time!
He must have gone
party last night!.The fact
(El hecho)
These are the conclusions drawn from the fact
(Estas son las conclusiones sacadas del hecho)

C13 U6 Project perfect modals meaning and form

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C13 U6 Project perfect modals meaning and form