In the bad old days [before 2008], we used to spend time in cold, noisy rooms, plugging boxes into metal cages. Today we can build infrastructure from the comfort of our desks. I'll explore how we got to this point, and introduce some modern tools for infrastructure as code. From CodeMill digital skills meetup https://www.meetup.com/CodeMill-Digital-Skills/events/243110683/

1. A BRIEF HISTORY OF
CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE_
JON TOPPER | @jtopper | he/him/his

2. 1999
THE BAD OLD DAYS_

8. INSTALLING
A NEW SERVER_

23. 1999
Weeks
0 1 2 3 4
Procurement Racking Config

24. 2000
GROWING UP_

26. NETWORK
INSTALLATION_

29. 1999
2000
Weeks
0 1 2 3 4
Procurement Racking Config

30. 2001
THE HYPERVISOR_

31. HARDWARE
KERNEL
APP
NATIVE
HOST_
APP APPAPP

32. HARDWARE
HYPERVISOR
HYPERVISOR_
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP

33. MACHINE
TEMPLATES_

35. 1999
2000
2001 VM
2001 Hypervisor
Weeks
0 1 2 3 4
Procurement Racking Config

36. SPLIT
RESPONSIBILITY_

37. HARDWARE
HYPERVISOR
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
Infrastructure
Applications

38. 2004: INFRASTRUCTURE
AS CODE_

41. user { 'jtopper':
ensure => present,
uid => '1000',
gid => '1000',
shell => '/bin/bash',
home => '/home/jtopper'
}
service { 'httpd':
ensure => 'running'
}

42. BENEFITS_
Faster
Repeatability
Testing
Version Control
Collaboration

43. 2006:
AWS EC2_

45. HARDWARE
HYPERVISOR
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
Infrastructure
Applications

46. HARDWARE
HYPERVISOR
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
Somebody
Else's
Problem
Applications

48. BENEFITS_
Provisioning using APIs
(As well as web console)
Elastic scalability
On-demand pricing
No capital expenditure

50. {
"variables": {
"aws_access_key": "",
"aws_secret_key": ""
},
"builders": [{
"type": "amazon-ebs",
"access_key": "{{user `aws_access_key`}}",
"secret_key": "{{user `aws_secret_key`}}",
"region": "us-east-1",
"source_ami_filter": {
"filters": {
"virtualization-type": "hvm",
"name": "ubuntu/images/*ubuntu-xenial-16.04-amd64-server-*",
"root-device-type": "ebs"
},
"owners": ["099720109477"],
"most_recent": true
},
"instance_type": "t2.micro",
"ssh_username": "ubuntu",
"ami_name": "packer-example {{timestamp}}"
}]
}

51. resource "aws_instance" "web" {
instance_type = "t2.micro"
# Lookup the correct AMI based on the region
# we specified
ami = "${lookup(var.aws_amis, var.aws_region)}"
# The name of our SSH keypair we created above.
key_name = "${aws_key_pair.auth.id}"
# Our Security group to allow HTTP and SSH access
vpc_security_group_ids = ["${aws_security_group.default.id}"]
subnet_id = "${aws_subnet.default.id}"
provisioner "remote-exec" {
inline = [
"sudo apt-get -y update",
"sudo apt-get -y install nginx",
"sudo service nginx start",
]
}
}

52. 2013:
CONTAINERS_

53. HARDWARE
HYPERVISOR
HYPERVISOR_
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP
VM
VIRTUAL HW
KERNEL
APP APP APP

54. HARDWARE
KERNEL
APP
CONTAINER
HOST_
CONTAINER ENGINE
BIN / LIB
APP
BIN / LIB
APP
BIN / LIB
APP
BIN / LIB

55. HARDWARE
KERNEL
APP
CONTAINER
HOST_
CONTAINER ENGINE
BIN / LIB
APP
BIN / LIB
APP
BIN / LIB
APP
BIN / LIB
Somebody
Else's
Problem
Applications

57. FROM busybox
MAINTAINER Chris <c@crccheck.com>
ADD index.html /www/index.html
EXPOSE 8000
# Create a basic webserver and sleep forever
CMD httpd -p 8000 -h /www; tail -f /dev/null

58. BENEFITS_
Improved resource usage
Unit of deploy is "a container"
...people think it's cool, I guess?

59. 2015:
ORCHESTRATION_

62. 2017:
SERVERLESS_

63. FUNCTION
SERVERLESS
PLATFORM_
Somebody
Else's
Problem
Applications FUNCTION FUNCTION FUNCTION
IDGAF

64. BENEFITS_
No infrastructure to care about
Almost everything is someone
else's problem

66. TODAY_
On-premise VMWare basically dead
Traditional config management losing
favour
Packer / Terraform in heavy use
The cool kids are using Kubernetes
(But, really, don't run it yourself)
Consider Lambda for async workloads
Serverless likely to increase in popularity

67. KEEP IN
TOUCH_
http://www.scalefactory.com/
https://github.com/scalefactory
@scalefactory
jon@scalefactory.com