3. This civilization was developing on the island of Crete
while Egypt and Mesopotamia were flourishing.
Aegean Civilizations
Minoan (island of Crete)
Mycenaean
(mainland Greece)
4. Minoans
Trade with Fertile Crescent and Egypt
Olive oil & pottery
Love of art and beauty
Knossos = capital
Flush toilets
Bath tubs
Indoor plumbing
5. Mycenaean's
Mainland Greece
Destroyed Minoans 1400 B.C.
Love military
War with Troy 10 years
Gained entrance through
Trojan Horse
1200 B.C. conquered by
Dorians from North
6. Greek Dark Ages
New invaders
Cultural centers neglected
Adopted a more simple life in villages
Blended together Minoan and Mycenaean
cultures = GREEK CULTURE
Iliad & Odyssey
Heroic figures
Brutal warfare
Adventurous exploits
7. Mythology
Played dominant role in Greek life
Myths = to explain their beliefs about life, world, god
12 gods/goddesses
Zeus = king of Gods
Apollo = son
Athena = wisdom
Many gods had human characteristics
(anthropomorphism)
8.
9. Olympic Games
Every 4 years on Mt. Olympia
Physical contest to please the gods
Goal = to attain physical perfection
Rare cooperation between Greek city-states
12. Rise of City-states
Greeks isolated from each other by mountains
Shared culture and language
Lacked political unity
Polis = city-state; basic political unit
Source of:
Authority
Protection
livlihood
13. Sparta vs. Athens
Southern Greece Eastern Greece
Strict military state Creative and commercial
Highest goal = best warrior Highest Goal = individualism
for Sparta & preserve culture
Government controlled all Early rule by monarch
aspects of life
Later oligarchy
Even women encouraged
to be physically fit! Solon created Council of
400
Oligarchy government at its Represented all sections of
best! Athens
Peloponnesian League to
protect against Athens After Solon, tyranny
Pericles – rule of people
14. Persian Wars
Persian wanted to invade Greece
Greece united against Persians
490 BC - Greeks victory
480 BC- Persia invade again, Battle of Thermopylae
Spartans stay and fight till death
Battle of Salamis Bay
Xerxes destroy Athens
Greeks trick and defeat Persian navy
Stopped Persian invasion but 200 yrs. still bother Greeks
15.
16. Periclean Age
High patriotism & self confidence
Especially in Athens (became leading city-state)
Delian League
Defensive alliance against outsiders attach
Pericles = leader of Athens (460 BC – 429 BC)
Advances in
Thought
Art/Literature/Drama - Every adult male citizen can vote
and hold office
Science
- Government controlled by the
Architecture people
17. Peloponnesian War
431 BC – 404 BC
Devastating civil war
Sparta vs. Athens
Sparta had:
Land strength
Allied with Persia to win over Athens
Athens had:
Control over seas
Plague killed many
Outcome: Oligarchies in power again. Constant uprisings.
Disunity
18.
19. Rise of Macedonia
King Phillip unite Macedonia and Greece under
rule
Tolerance & appreciation for Greek Culture
336 BC- His son, Alexander takes throne (20 yrs old)
Taught by Aristotle
Also like Greek culture
Spread it throughout empire
20.
21. Bible Prophesy
In the Bible, Daniel Chapter 8 makes detailed prophecies about a future Greek leader.
Three hundred years later, Alexander the Great would fulfill these prophecies to the letter.
Prophecy: A future Greek leader will advance rapidly from the west.
And as I was considering, suddenly a male goat [the Greek Empire] came from the west,
across the surface of the whole earth, without touching the ground [this indicates fantastic
speed]; and the goat had a notable horn between his eyes [Alexander the Great]. — Daniel
8:5
Fulfillment: Alexander the Great advanced so rapidly from the west, that military analysts to
this day marvel at the speed and efficiency with which he moved his forces. Later on in
Chapter 8, Daniel specifically identifies the goat as Greece– a remarkable prophecy made
300 years before Greece would rise to power.
Prophecy: Alexander the Great would attack and destroy the Media-Persian Empire, the
dominant empire in the world.] Daniel 8:5-7
Fulfillment: Alexander destroyed the Media-Persian Empire.
22. Prophecy: He will die when his power is strong
…but when he became strong, the large horn was broken… — Daniel
8:8
Fulfillment: Alexander died after conquering the known world, at
age 33
Prophecy: His empire will be divided into four smaller empires, none
of which would be as powerful as Alexander’s empire.
…and in place of it four notable ones came up toward the four winds
of heaven… — Daniel 8:8
…four kingdoms shall arise out of that nation, but not with its power. —
Daniel 8:22
Fulfillment: Alexander’s empire was divided among four of his
generals: Lysimachus, Cassander, Seleucus, & Ptolemy.
None of these empires ever equaled Alexander’s empire in power.
23. Divisions
323 BC- Alexander dies of fever (age 30ish)
Bible prophesy fulfilled
Empire divided into 4 parts
Generals each took a part
Fought with one another