Overview of CH 2 - The Human Body in Health & Diseases

1. PowerPoint® Presentation for
Medical Terminology
Chapter 2: The Human
Body in Health and
Disease
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2. Knowledge Learning Objectives
• Define anatomy and physiology and use
anatomic reference systems to identify the
anatomic position, body planes, directions,
and cavities.
• Define the terms associated with cytology
and genetics including chromosomes,
genes, DNA, and mutation.
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3. Comprehension Learning Objectives
• Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce
the terms related to the abdominal cavity
and peritoneum.
• Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce
the terms related to the structure, function,
pathology, and procedures of cells,
tissues, and glands.
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4. Comprehension Learning Objectives
• Identify the body systems in terms of their
major structures and functions.
• Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce
the terms related to types of diseases and
the modes of disease transmission.
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5. Application Learning Objectives
• Differentiate between genetic and
congenital disorders and identify
examples of each.
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6. Word Parts
• -ac • Coron/o
• Aden/o • Cyt/o
• Adip/o • Endo-
• Cephal/o • Exo-
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7. Word Parts
• Hist/o • -oma
• -malacia • Path/o
• -plasia
• -ologist
• -ology
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8. Key Terms
• Abdominal cavity • Adenomalacia
• Abdominopelvic • Adenosclerosis
cavity
• Adenectomy • Adipose tissue
• Adenoma • Anaplasia
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9. Key Terms
• Anomaly • Cephalic
• Anterior • Communicable
disease
• Aplasia • Congenital disorder
• Caudal • Coronal
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10. Key Terms
• Cytoplasm • Dysplasia
• Deoxyribonucleic • Endemic
• Distal • Endocrine glands
• Dorsal • Epidemic
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11. Key Terms
• Epigastric region • Genome
• Epithelial tissue • Hemophilia
• Etiology • Histology
• Exocrine glands • Homeostasis
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12. Key Terms
• Hyperplasia • Hypoplasia
• Hypertrophy • Iatrogenic illness
• Hypochondriac • Idiopathic disease
regions
• Hypogastric region • Iliac regions
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13. Key Terms
• Infectious disease • Midsagittal plane
• Inguinal • Nosocomial
infection
• Lumbar regions • Nucleus
• Mesentery • Pandemic
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14. Key Terms
• Pathology • Phenylketonuria
• Pelvic cavity • Physiology
• Peritoneum • Posterior
• Peritonitis • Proximal
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15. Key Terms
• Retroperitoneal
• Thoracic cavity
• Transverse plane
• Ventral
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16. Anatomic Reference Systems
• Body planes
• Body directions
• Body cavities
• Structural Units
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17. The Anatomic Position
• Standing up so that the body is erect.
• Facing forward
• Holding the arms at the sides
• Turning the hands with the palms toward
the front.
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18. Body Planes
• Divides the body vertically and horizontally
while in the anatomic position.
• Aids in descriptive purposes.
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19. Vertical and Horizontal Planes
• Sagittal plane
• Midsagittal plane
• Coronal plane
• Transverse plane
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20. Major Body Cavities
• Dorsal
• Ventral
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21. Dorsal Cavity
• Cranial cavity
• Spinal cavity
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22. Ventral Cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominal cavity
• Pelvic cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity
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23. Quadrants of the Abdomen
• Right upper quadrant
• Left upper quadrant
• Right lower quadrant
• Left lower quadrant
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24. Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen
• Hypochondriac regions
• Epigastric region
• Lumbar regions
• Umbilical region
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25. Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen
• Iliac regions
• Hypogastric region
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26. Peritoneum
• Parietal peritoneum
• Visceral peritoneum
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27. Cells: The Body’s Basic Unit
• Basic structural units of the body.
• Grouped together to form tissues and
organs.
• Exact replicas are produced when the cell
divides.
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28. Stem Cells
• Unspecialized cells that renew themselves
through cell division.
• Can be induced to become cells with
special functions.
• Used for bone marrow transplants in the
treatment of leukemia.
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29. Sources of Stem Cells
• Newly formed embryos.
• Cord blood
• Adult tissues
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30. The Structure of Cells
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
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31. Chromosomes
• Found in cell nucleus
• Bearers of genes
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32. Somatic Cell
• Contains 46 chromosomes arranged into
23 pairs.
• 22 identical pairs of chromosomes, plus
an XX or XY pair to determine sex.
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33. Sex Cells
• Sperm and eggs, also called gametes
• Do not have 46 chromosomes
• Each mature sex cell has 23 single
chromosomes.
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34. Genetics
• DNA
• Genome
• Clone
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35. Genetic Mutation
• Somatic cell mutation
• Gametic Cell Mutation
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36. Dominant and Recessive Genes
• Offspring will have genetic condition, when
dominant gene is inherited from one
parent
• Offspring will not have genetic condition
when a recessive gene is inherited from
one parent and normal gene is inherited
from other parent.
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37. Dominant and Recessive Genes
• Offspring will have the genetic condition
when a recessive gene is inherited from
both parents.
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38. Genetic Disorders
• Cystic fibrosis • Muscular dystrophy
• Down Syndrome • Phenylketonuria
• Hemophilia • Sickle cell anemia
• Huntington’s disease • Tay-Sachs disease
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39. Congenital Disorders
• Developmental disorder
• Prenatal influences
• Birth injuries
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40. Tissue: Cells Working Together
• Histology
• Histologist
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41. Types of Tissue
• Epithelial Tissues
• Connective Tissues
• Muscle Tissue
• Nerve Tissue
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42. Epithelial Tissues
• Epithelial tissues
• Epithelium
• Endothelium
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43. Connective Tissues
• Connective tissues
• Adipose tissue
• Loose connective tissue
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44. Pathology of Tissue Formation
• Anaplasia • Hyperplasia
• Aplasia • Hypertrophy
• Dysplasia • Hypoplasia
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45. Glands
• Exocrine glands
• Endocrine glands
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46. Pathology and Procedures of the Glands
• Adenectomy • Adenomalacia
• Adenitis • Adenosclerosis
• Adenoma • Adenosis
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47. Organs and Body Systems
• Somewhat independent body part
• Performs a special function or functions
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48. Major Body Systems
• Skeletal • Respiratory
• Muscular • Digestive
• Cardiovascular • Urinary
• Lymphatic and • Nervous
Immune
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49. Major Body Systems
• Special Senses
• Integumentary
• Endocrine
• Reproductive
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50. Pathology
• Disease transmission
• Outbreaks of Diseases
• Types of Diseases
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51. Disease Transmission
• Communicable disease
• Bloodborne transmission
• Airborne transmission
• Foodborne and waterborne transmission
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52. Outbreaks of Diseases
• Endemic
• Epidemic
• Pandemic
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53. Types of Diseases
• Infectious disease • Iatrogenic illness
• Idiopathic disorder • Nosocomial infection
• Organic disorder
• Functional disorder
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