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For Official Use Only NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Dr. Anthony J. Tether DARPA Director
DARPA Organization Director, Tony Tether Deputy Director, Bob Leheny Tactical Technology Steve Welby Steve Walker Air/Space/Land/Sea Platforms Unmanned Systems Space Operations Laser Systems Precision Strike Information Exploitation Bob Tenney Sensors Exploitation Systems Command & Control Strategic Technology Dave Honey Larry Stotts/Brian Pierce Space Sensors/Structures Strategic & Tactical Networks Information Assurance Underground Facility Detection & Characterization Chem/Bio Defense Maritime Operations Information Processing Technology Charlie Holland Barbara Yoon Cognitive Systems Computational – Perception Representation & Reasoning Learning Natural Communication Microsystems Technology John Zolper Dean Collins Electronics Photonics MEMS Algorithms Integrated Microsystems Defense Sciences Steve Wax Brett Giroir Physical Sciences Materials Biology Mathematics Human Effectiveness Bio Warfare Defense Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Science & Technology $ (FY06) DARPA Role in Science and Technology NEAR MID FAR 10B - 5B - 0 - Fundamental Research, Leading Edge Discovery, System Concept Invention Science and Technology Programs for the Armed Services Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
DARPA Role in Science and Technology NEAR MID FAR Science & Technology $ (FY06) DARPA 10B - 5B - 0 - Fundamental Research, Leading Edge Discovery, System Concept Invention Science and Technology Programs for the Armed Services Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
0.3 0.2 0.1 0 FY 94 FY 95 FY 96 FY 97 FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 DARPA Basic Research Funding ($B) Budget Activity 6.1 (“University” funding) Unfettered “university-like” science research without specific applications in mind Billions ($) Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 FY 94 FY 95 FY 96 FY 97 FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 DARPA Budget ($B) Fiscal Year Billions ($) Note: Amounts reflected are appropriated funds Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
DoD S&T Budgets and DARPA Budget ($B) Total of all 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 budget activities 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 FY 95 DoD Appropriated FY 96 FY 97 FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 DARPA’s Budget Billions ($) DoD PB Request Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
DARPA Accomplishments Command Post of the Future Autonomous Ground Vehicles SATURN Ground Surveillance Radar LSTAT ARPANET Assault Breaker JSTARS TALON GOLD MIMIC Speech Recognition X-45 Mobile Robots JSF Engine Phraselator SSUUOO SSAASS MEMS Pegasus Launch Vehicle Global Hawk DARPASAT VELA Hotel ALTAIR Mouse ATACMS Center for Monitoring Research Stealth Fighter Sea Shadow GPS M-16 Uncooled IR Exoskeleton 1980 2000 1960 1970 Predator BAT 1990 Advanced Cruise Missile Taurus Launch Vehicle Transit Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
DARPA’s Strategic Thrusts Investments Today for Future Capabilities Robust, Secure Self-Forming Networks Detection, Precision ID, Tracking & Destruction of Elusive Targets Networked Manned & Unmanned Systems Urban Area Operations Location and Characterization of Underground Structures Assured Use of Space Cognitive Systems Bio-Revolution Core Technologies (Materials/Electronics/Information Technology) APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 39873 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
References for DARPA Projects • Secretary of Defense • DoD Quadrennial Defense Review • DoD Strategic Planning Guidance 2008 – 2013 • Combatant Commanders Integrated Priority Lists • DoD Joint Program Decision Memorandums • Meetings and Briefs throughout DoD Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Input Sources 2005 – 2006 DARPA Projects Reviews with Senior Pentagon Leaders, Combatant Commanders, Service Chiefs, Agency Directors, Operational Leaders • Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Dr. James Tegnelia • Vice Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Robert E. Willard • Director, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, LTG (Ret.) J. Clapper • Director, National Security Agency and Chief, Central Security Service, Lieutenant General Keith B. Alexander • Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Combating WMD & Negotiation Policy, Mr. Jack David • Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics Material & Readiness, Jack Bell • Commander, 8th Air Force, Lieutenant General Kevin P. Chilton • Deputy Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, Lt Gen C. Robert Kehler • Deputy Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, Lt Gen Daniel P. Leaf • Deputy Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance, U.S. Strategic Command, Major General Mark A. Welsh, III • Deputy Commander, Information Operations. 8th Air Force, Maj Gen Kozio • Director, Global Innovation and Strategy Center, U.S. Strategic Command, Dr. Kevin E. Williams • Director, Advanced Systems and Technology, National Reconnaissance Office, Dr. Pete Rustan • Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Claude M. Bolton, Jr. • Commander, Air Force Research Lab, Major General Ted Bowlds • Deputy Commanding General for Systems of Systems Integration, Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, Brigadier General Charles A. Cartwright • Director, Space Acquisition, Office of the Under Secretary of the Air Force Major General Craig R. Cooning • Vice Commander, Air Combat Command, Lieutenant General William M. Fraser • Director of Requirements, Air Combat Command, Major General Jack J. Catton, Jr. • Director of Plans and Programs, Air Combat Command, Major General Timothy C. Jones • Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon R. England • Secretary of the Army Francis J. Harvey • Secretary of the Navy Dr. Donald C. Winter • Secretary of the Air Force Michael W. Wynne • USD for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Kenneth J. Krieg • Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen A. Cambone • Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, ADM Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr. • Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Michael G. Mullen • Air Force Chief of Staff General John P. Jumper • Commandant of the Marine Corps General Michael W. Hagee • Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, General James E. Cartwright • Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command, GEN Bryan D. Brown • Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, Admiral William J. Fallon • Commander, U.S. Northern Command, Admiral Timothy Keating • Commander, U.S. Joint Forces Command, General Lance L. Smith • Commander, U.S. Central Command, General John Abizaid • Commander, Air Force Space Command, General Lance Lord • Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral Gary Roughead • Under Secretary of the Air Force Ronald M. Sega • Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition), Dr. Delores M. Etter • Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Ryan Henry • Director, Defense Research and Engineering, John J. Young, Jr. • Commanding General, USMC Combat Development Command, Lieutenant General James N. Mattis • Commanding General, III Corps and Fort Hood, Lt Gen Thomas F. Metz • Commander, Joint Functional Component Command–Integrated Missile Defense, Lieutenant General Larry J. Dodgen • Director, Defense Info Systems Agency, Lt Gen Charles E. Croom, Jr. Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Future Icons • Networks (Self-forming, Robust, Self-defending) • Networked Sensors – Determine, Track, and Neutralize Threat • Real Time, Accurate Language Translation (Defense Language Institute, III Æ IV) • High-Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) • Air Vehicles (Fast Access, Long Loiter) • High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System (HELLADS) • Low-cost titanium ($2.5/lb military grade alloy) • Bio Warfare – Accelerate Development and Production of Therapeutics and Vaccines from 12+ years to 12 weeks • Prosthetics • Space dominance •Grand Challenge Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
High-Productivity Computing Systems High-Productivity Computing is Critical to National Security • Develop a new generation of economically viable high-productivity computing systems for the national security and industrial user community (2009 – 2010) Impact: • Performance (time-to-solution): speedup critical national security applications by a factor of 10X to 40X • Programmability (idea-to-first-solution): reduce cost and time of developing application solutions • Portability (transparency): insulate research and operational application software from system • Robustness (reliability): apply all known techniques to protect against outside attacks, hardware faults, & programming errors 060322_TT_ExDirectors Brief HPCS Program Focus Areas Fill the Critical DoD Need for: Intelligence/surveillance/reconnaissance, cryptanalysis, weapons design and analysis, airborne contaminant modeling and biotechnology Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
TTO Taaccttiiccaall Teecchhnnoollooggyy Offffiiccee 14 Oblique Flying Wing (OFW) Program Plan: • Develop conceptual design for objective OFW vehicle • Define, develop, and mature key oblique flying wing technologies • Conduct preliminary design of X-Plane demonstrator in Phase I • Design, build and fly OFW X-Plane in Phase II Low Speed: Unswept wing reduces drag due to lift and provides long range and endurance Goals: • Demonstrate the feasibility of a supersonic, tailless, variable sweep, oblique flying wing (OFW) • Provide increased flexibility for potential future missions requiring rapid deployment, long range and long endurance Supersonic: Swept wing reduces supersonic wave drag, improving supersonic range Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Al2O3 TiO2 Al Ti What Was New TiO2 O2 Progress • Demonstration of 500ppm O2 from electrolytic and chemical routes at 50 lbs/day scale Next Step • Scale up to 500 lbs/day of most promising process Chemical Variation on O2 Removal Promises <$2.5/pound for Ingot Chemical Variation on O2 Removal Promises <$2.5/pound for Ingot APMTIAC Quarterly V6 No2 Low Cost Titanium Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only DARPA’s Space Accomplishments Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only DARPA Space Projects – Five Areas Space Mission Protection Active and passive defense of space assets Ground- and space-based threats, especially μ-sats Situational Awareness of Space Active and passive sensing of space from space or ground Access & Infrastructure Rapid, flexible space access Space-Based Support to the Warfighter Support real-time tactical warfighting from space Rapid response in denied areas Space Mission Denial Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only DARPA Organization Director, Tony Tether Deputy Director, Bob Leheny Information Exploitation Bob Tenney Sensors Exploitation Systems Command & Control Strategic Technology Dave Honey Larry Stotts/Brian Pierce Space Sensors/Structures Strategic & Tactical Networks Information Assurance Underground Facility Detection & Characterization Chem/Bio Defense Maritime Operations Information Processing Technology Charlie Holland Barbara Yoon Cognitive Systems Computational – Perception Representation & Reasoning Learning Natural Communication Microsystems Technology John Zolper Dean Collins Electronics Photonics MEMS Algorithms Integrated Microsystems Defense Sciences Steve Wax Brett Giroir Physical Sciences Materials Biology Mathematics Human Effectiveness Bio Warfare Defense Virtual Space Office Tactical Technology Steve Welby Steve Walker Air/Space/Land/Sea Platforms Unmanned Systems Space Operations Laser Systems Precision Strike Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Space Programs & Technology AAcccceessss aanndd IInnffrraassttrruuccttuurree • On demand, cost effective launch, augmentation , and replenishment of Space forces • More affordable, more responsive, net-centric capabilities Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Low Cost Launch Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Falcon Program Objective Develop and validate, in-flight, technologies that will enable a prompt global reach capability while at the same time, demonstrating affordable and responsive space lift Task 1 Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) •Small payloads to LEO •Low recurring launch cost (< $5M) •New launch operations •Conduct an early responsive operations flight demonstration, followed by multiple risk reduction launches Task 2 Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle (HCV) •Aircraft-like operations –Launch on-demand –Reusable –Recallable •Conduct an affordable hypersonic technology vehicle (HTV) building block demonstration to validate key HCV technologies Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Falcon Objective:Develop a low-cost, responsive Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) –Small payloads to LEO – 1000 lb to 28.5°, circular, 100 nmi –Low recurring launch cost: < $5M –Responsive launch operations AirLaunch Technical Challenges: •Responsive operations • Self-pressurization system • Air launch dynamics •Range integration • Balance between reliability and cost efficiency Operational Impact: •Operationally responsive space • Low cost access to space • Flexible launch and basing SpaceX Affordable, Responsive, Reliable Space Access Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Falcon Hypersonic Technology Vehicles (HTV’s) Demonstrate Key Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle Technologies through Hypersonic Technology Vehicles: HTV-1 HTV-2 HTV-3 HCV HCV Technical Challenges addressed by HTV’s: ƒ Aerodynamics ƒ High-Temperature Materials & Structures ƒ Navigation Guidance and Control ƒ Communications through Plasma Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Metallic/Ceramic Acreage TPS Panels Coated Ceramic Leading Edges Fully Integrated Inward Turning Inlet “Warm” Composite Primary Structure Osculating Flowfield Waverider Shape Over-Under Turbine Based Combined Cycle Flow Path H2 Tankage 58’ Dual Use Payload Bay HC Tankage Ceramic Control Surfaces Dual-Fuel Mn 9.25 Cruise Vision Vehicle Falcon HCV Technologies Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
HTV-2 Flight Test Boost Phase Hypersonic Glide Terminal Point Pull-up Flight Test Objectives: • Aero/thermal/flight dynamic performance – Verify aerodynamic coefficients and stability characteristics – Assess thermal response and thermal management techniques – Determine plasma attenuation effects • NG&C performance – Determine flight path precision – Verify control characteristics – Validate robustness of guidance algorithms – Assess INS/GPS navigation methodology and hardware Vandenberg Launch HTV-2A HTV-2B Kwajalein Impact Point Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Orbital Express (OE) Accomplishments ASTRO and NextSat ASTRO Spacecraft NextSat Spacecraft Task FY02 Q2 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 SRR PDR CDR Program Management ASTRO Spacecraft Fluid Transfer System NEXTSat Spacecraft Robotic Arm Rendezvous Sensors System Integration and Test Launch Demo Complete Ship Bus to NGST Arm Assembly Complete Ship Arm to Boeing CDR Ship NextSat to Launch Site Integrated System Test Launch Ship Bus to NGST CDR CDR Receive FTAPS from NGST Receive FTS from NGST Receive Coupler from NGST Ship Sensor Suite to Boeing Ship ASTRO to Launch Site Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Future, Fast, Flexible, Fractionated, Free-Flying Spacecraft united by Information eXchange (F6) • Fractionate a monolithic satellite into heterogeneous microsat-like modules • Microsatellite modules – Power – Telemetry & Comms – Computation & Data Handling – Demonstration Payload – Residual capability for Stakeholder Payload • Intra-module connectivity – Wireless (or over power) data • Inter-module connectivity – Wireless data – Wireless power to payloads System F6 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Motivation: Mission Benefits Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Space Programs & Technology Sppaaccee Siittuuaattiioonnaall Awaarreenneessss • Monitoring and analysis of the Space environment • Monitoring the status of friendly, neutral, and adversary Space assets Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Radiation Hardening By Design (RHBD) Design Fabs (Specialized) Rad Hard ICs • Use specialized processes • Requires dedicated foundries • Niche market – falling farther behind SOA (Currently 3-5 years) • DoD pays $500M every 2 years to maintain Design Fabs (Merchant) Rad Hard ICs Today: Futturre: • Design in radiation tolerance, e.g. by exploiting thinner device layers (less charge build up) and new isolation methods • Build devices in merchant foundries Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Radiation Hard by Design (RHBD) Design Hardening Concepts •No special manufacturing processes •Prudent transistor design (i.e. annular, “dog-bone”, all-around) • Circuit design & layout •Substrate & dynamic biasing Standard Edged Drain Gate Annular Transistor Polysilicon Gate Primary Electron Current Flow Goal: Build leading-edge RH electronics at commercial State of the Art foundries source gate drain Transistor Source n+ Source n+ Drain Field Oxide Edge Current Components Field Inversion Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
HAARP High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project Program Objective: • A high power, high frequency transmitter for interactive ionospheric research Potential Applications: Submarine communications, imaging of deeply buried targets, radio wave propagation channels in the upper atmosphere HAARP site in Alaska Technical Challenges: • 3600 kW radiated power • 20 –31 dB antenna gain • Power Density: – 3.2 mW/m2 (@ 100 km, 3 MHz) – 4.0 mW/m2 (@ 250 km, 9 MHz) HAARP antenna array Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
HAARP IInssttrrumeentt Coomplleettiioon Ionospheric Currents 100 km 60 km ELF / VLF Radio Waves Control of Charged Particle Effects on Satellite Operations HAARP HF Transmitter Submarine Comm Imaging Buried Targets Buried Receiver Comm ELF / VLF Radio Waves ELF / VLF Radio Waves Description: • Increase HAARP effective radiated power by factor of 16 (Tx power from 960 kW to 3600 kW; from 6X8 antenna elements (~5 acres) to 12X15 (~22 acres) • Increase frequency coverage from 2.8-8 MHz to 2.8-10 MHz Objectives: • Demonstrate control of ionospheric charged particle behavior and subterranean/submarine signal penetration Status and Accomplishments • Antenna array size increase completed; all elements and ground plane frozen in place • Transmitter modules successfully put into serial production and test • Power plant increased to full capacity, Diesel prime movers improved as to emissions • Diagnostic instruments/radars expanded to match HAARP capabilities • Aircraft intrusion warning system being upgraded to meet FAA needs for safety Schedule Antenna completion Transmitters completed Power plant upgraded Utility Demonstrated FY03-05 FY06 FY07 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Space Programs & Technology Sppaaccee--Baasseedd Suuppppoorrtt ttoo tthhee Waarrffiigghhtteerr • Small, innovative, responsive, agile, dedicated Space systems • Persistent Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only ISAT Demonstration Program Mature Key ISAT Technologies • Reliable deployment of huge space antennas • Real time metrology and calibration <1mm On Orbit Demonstration • Launch, deploy and control a large (~100m) space structure • Characterize structural modes • Demonstrate metrology, calibration techniques and transmit beam formation Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Rigidizeable Inflatable Materials 040519_MZ_DIRO Review ISAT Enabling Technologies >100:1 Linear Compaction Ratio Reliable Deployment Metrology <λ/20 error Optical Metrology RF Metrology On-board Beacon(s) (Optional) Star Tracker(s) Axis Coherent Ground Beacon(s) Antenna Orientation Calibration Coherent Transmit Beam Deployment Cage Kinematic Models Array Fed Reflector ESA Master Fiduciary/Elements Signal Integral Hinge Staggered Longerons 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 degs dB 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 degs dB ideal uncompensated compensated ideal uncompensated compensated Teepee Motion Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Global Continuous Surface Target Tracking Strategic Space Based Engagement Mission: GMTI Surveillance “JSTARS Like” Required Technical Performance: Tactical Targeting “Better Than E-10” Tactical Surveillance Indications and Warning (large scale movement) Fast Movers (>4 m/s) • Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV) < 4 m/s Slow Movers (<< 4 m/s) • Cross-Range Accuracy Poor Accuracy Good Accuracy Better Accuracy Low Revisit, Significant Gaps Good Revisit, High Revisit, “No Gaps” • Track Continuity Significant Gaps Precision, Single Target Tracking Grouped Target Movement Functional Capability Desired: IISSAATT Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Integrated Sensor Is Structure (ISIS) Capability cannot be added to airship after development Lockheed-Martin Proprietary MDA Airship Conventional Airship Payload bay ISIS requires integration of sensor and airship Payload: 1.7% of system mass Payload: 30-40% of system mass Truly persistent detection, tracking, and fire-control for: - Low fliers at 600km (eg. anti-ship/cruise missiles, & aircraft) - Surface targets at 300km (eg. littoral small boats, ground vehicles, & dismounts) Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Most Powerful Airborne GMTI/AMTI Radar & Comms Ever Conceived Simultaneous AMTI/GMTI Operation Via Dual Band (UHF/X-Band) Aperture AMTI Fire Control Wideband Covert UAV Downlink T3 (45 Mbps) real-time video @ 600km Wide Area GMTI FOPEN Detection Targets @ 300 km No In-Theater Ground Support – 99% on station availability for 1+ years 600km radar horizon at 70kft operational altitude <10m3 CEP @ 600km Wide Area GMTI Search-while-Track Slow targets out to 300km Detect and track Dismounted troops Wideband T3 Handset Communications T3 (45 Mbps) handsets @ 300km line-of-sight High Capacity AMTI Track 1000 Targets @ 600km Precision Engagement Tracking 5000+ targets @ 300 km range <<100m resolution Direct-to-User Data Flow Wide Area AMTI Search Targets @ 600 km Long-Range LPD Communications Building/foliage penetration (low-band) 2.5kbps voice channel with watch battery @ 600km Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
$2 million cash prize 8 October 2005 The best autonomous robotic vehicles America can build Miles of some of the toughest terrain in the Winner takes all world 2005 Grand Challenge Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
195 Applicants February 2005 Calculated RISC Fitchburg, WI Team TerraMax Oshkosh, WI Team Go It Alone Team Visionary Endeavor Appleton, WI Dakota Robotics Fargo, ND Team Arctic Tortoise Fairbanks, AK Mojávaton Grand Junction, CO Rob Meyer Productions Autonomx Tucson, AZ A.I. Motorvators Axion Racing The Golem Group/ UCLA Team SARA Go Baja Team Riàdeil Out-of-Knowhere Team Symcas Team AION Thortech Team Mark Antonelli Palos Verdes HS Road Warriors Team OCCAM Team RoboShack Unmanned Vehicles International Cobalt Horizons CyberRider SciAutonics/Auburn Engineering Team Caltech TeamDesignatedDriver Rogue COGNAV LIPS_MALIBU Team Auto-Triad S Team Robot Monster Team Improbability Team Banzai Alphalogix Alphaworks Null Set the Simf enterprise UCLA/HUJ Team Tormenta UCI DARPA Grand Challenge Team Team Philo Servic Machines Team Alice Hollyware Optical Technology v1 Los Angeles Area, CA University of Washington Seattle, WA Oregon WAVE Corvallis, OR AVEngineers Arcadia, CA sapper Paradise, CA Junk yard dogs Salinas, CA Two Much Trouble (T.M.T.) North Berwick, ME IQ (Intelligent Quad) Indy Robot Racing Team Cakewalk Indianapolis, IN Team ET Kokomo, IN Robotic Navigation Greenwood, IN The Challengers Rising Sun, IN BJB Engineering Willoughby Hills, OH Team Jefferson Crozet, VA Team CART Bluefield, WV Team Greene Milton, WV COPERNICUS Larchmont, NY Team Cornell II Team Cornell Ithaca, NY Atlas Offroad New Haven, CT Highlander Racing Monroe, NJ Princeton University Princeton, NJ AutoTrek Moorestown, NJ Desert Arrow Manassas, VA The MITRE Meteorites McLean, VA Hepner Robotics Edinburg, VA McNeelly Port Saint Lucie, FL Desert Buckeyes Columbus, OH Cjase Bearcats Cincinnati, OH Team Wedge Wooster, OH Team Robo Knight South Lebanon, OH Team CajunBot Lafayette, LA Gray Team Metairie Green Wave New Orleans, LA Team Geochelone New york, NY Autonomous Ingenuity Rochester, NY Team Ruamyarti Queens Village, NY Team LoGHIQ Walden, NY T3SEA Cortland, NY G-CART@RIT Rochester, NY Team Buffalo Lockport, NY GRASP Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Red Team Red Team Too Pittsburgh, PA Team George Knoxville, TN Spurrier’s Hurriers Mary Esther, FL Planet Explorer Renton, WA Team Sleipner Sequim, WA The Prodigies Olympia, WA Vista Engineering Carson, WA Allied Forces Issaquah, WA Cyber Nav Bothell, WA Roboway Mercer Isalnd, WA Day Star Mc Caysville, GA Team ZingerBot Colorado Springs, CO Team White Cougar the Las Vegas Gamblers Las Vegas, NV Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies II Apple Valley, MN Team Wellington Danville, IL Team Levin Highland Park, IL Team Fast Forward Chicago, IL Team MTR Libertyville, IL Team Excelsior Severna Park, MD oxOxo Annapolis, MD Omnitech Queenstown, MD Virginia Tech Virginia Tech Team Rocky Blacksburg, VA Team ENSCO Springfield, VA Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies I Littleton, CO Utah Robotics Kaysville, UT BR Mobility Murray, UT Team Juggarnaut Sandy, UT FutureNowa Provo, UT The A Team Kingman, AZ Intelligent Machines K1 Phoenix, AZ Team Manticore - MIT Cambridge, MA Austin Robot Technology Austin, TX Mobile Autonomous robotics Society San Antonio, TX MonsterMoto Cedar Park, TX Armadillo-Bot Bryan, TX Pegasus College Station New Team (160) 2004 applicant (35) CIMAR Gainesville, FL Team UCF Orlando, FL RAV LLC Oviedo, FL Inginouity Kansas City, MO Team Phantasm Ballwin, MO Spirit of St. Louis Fenton, MO Smooth Operator Cape Girardeau, MO Relentless Winchester, MA AppIntellect Bellingham, MA Team UMass Dartmouth Dartmouth, Ma Stockbrige High School Stockbridge, GA Newbies Fort Gordon, GA Team GA Lyons, GA Patriot Robotics Taylor, TX Texas DARPA Challenge Conroe, TX Team Grand Challenger Rabid Ape Robotics Houston, TX Team Simple Genius Humble, TX AV Andrea Morgan AV Sydney Bristow AV Wendy Darling Traverse City, MI Sakoryat Oak Park, MI Team CrossLand Haslett, MI Insight Racing Cary, NC 195 teams from 36 states Team 2015 Jacksonville, FL Rust Bucket Racing Temple Terrace, FL TEAM LONG SHOT St. Petersburg, FL Not Shown: Autonosys, West Coast Robotics and UBC-CERM3 Team Thunderbird – Canada, Grand Challenge New Zealand, Dotmobil Team –France, OK Rover Broken Arrow, OK TeamNOVA Chickasha, OK Team Nomad Ridgecrest, CA Autobots Lincoln, NE Team-Possible Seymour, TN Team UTC Chattanooga, TN Intrepid Birminigham, AL Trobo Petal, MS Lunatic Fringe Sunnyvale, CA Team Overbot Redwood City, CA True Vision Atascadero, CA “R” Junk Works Lancaster, CA KNetX Quartz Hill, CA Herbie Goes! Escondido, CA GP Machine Intelligence San Marcos, CA Team Underdawg San Jose, CA Autonomous Vehicle Systems Simple Solutions Inclusive TouchTech San Diego, CA Easy Does It Ventura, CA Mojave Lions Cerritos, CA Terra Engineering Rancho Palos Verdes, CA I to the Future StoneWalker Albuquerque, NM Team Texas Tech Lubbock, TX Blue Team Berkeley, CA Standford Racing Team Stanford, CA Team Aggie Spirit (UC Davis) Davis, CA Team Cal Poly Ben Lomond, CA Team DAD Morgan Hill, CA D2 Honolulu, HI 3 High Schools / 35 Universities Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Finalists Axion Racing SciAutonics/Auburn Engineering Team Caltech The Golem Group/ UCLA Los Angeles Area, CA Red Team Red Team Too Pittsburgh, PA Team Cornell Ithaca, NY Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies I Littleton, CO Team ENSCO Springfield, VA MonsterMoto Cedar Park, TX CIMAR Gainesville, FL Team TerraMax Oshkosh, WI Desert Buckeyes Columbus, OH Insight Racing Cary, NC 23 teams from 13 states The MITRE Meteorites McLean, VA Team DAD Morgan Hill, CA Mojávaton Grand Junction, CO Blacksburg, VA Team CajunBot Lafayette, LA Stanford Racing Team Stanford, CA Virginia Tech Team Rocky Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA Princeton University Princeton, NJ 2004 Grand Challenge Team - 14 2005 Grand Challenge New Entry - 9 Gray Team Metairie, LA Universities Carnegie Mellon (2) Auburn University CalTech Stanford University of Louisiana Ohio State Virginia Tech (2) Cornell University of Florida Princeton Tulane University UCLA Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
The Course Narrow Underpass Lake Beds Rough Roads Long Tunnels Narrow Gates Start/Finish 132 mi Close Obstacles Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Beer Bottle Pass – Mile 123 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Grand Challenge Finishers CMU – Highlander 7h 14m – 18.25 mph CMU – Sandstorm 7h 4m – 18.7 mph Stanford - Stanley 6h 53m – 19.2 mph Gray Team 7h 30m – 17.6 mph Oshkosh –Terramax 12h 51m – 10.3 mph Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) Overnight Operations
Urban Challenge Autonomous Ground Vehicles in the City Travel 60 miles in traffic in under 6 hrs. • Safe following and passage of a moving vehicle • Safe merge with other moving traffic • Safe passage through busy intersections • Parking in congested areas. Safe U-Turn • Figure out an alternate route when the primary route is impassable November 3, 2007 Western U.S. Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)

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Tether anthony[1]

  • 1. For Official Use Only NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Dr. Anthony J. Tether DARPA Director
  • 2. DARPA Organization Director, Tony Tether Deputy Director, Bob Leheny Tactical Technology Steve Welby Steve Walker Air/Space/Land/Sea Platforms Unmanned Systems Space Operations Laser Systems Precision Strike Information Exploitation Bob Tenney Sensors Exploitation Systems Command & Control Strategic Technology Dave Honey Larry Stotts/Brian Pierce Space Sensors/Structures Strategic & Tactical Networks Information Assurance Underground Facility Detection & Characterization Chem/Bio Defense Maritime Operations Information Processing Technology Charlie Holland Barbara Yoon Cognitive Systems Computational – Perception Representation & Reasoning Learning Natural Communication Microsystems Technology John Zolper Dean Collins Electronics Photonics MEMS Algorithms Integrated Microsystems Defense Sciences Steve Wax Brett Giroir Physical Sciences Materials Biology Mathematics Human Effectiveness Bio Warfare Defense Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 3. Science & Technology $ (FY06) DARPA Role in Science and Technology NEAR MID FAR 10B - 5B - 0 - Fundamental Research, Leading Edge Discovery, System Concept Invention Science and Technology Programs for the Armed Services Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 4. DARPA Role in Science and Technology NEAR MID FAR Science & Technology $ (FY06) DARPA 10B - 5B - 0 - Fundamental Research, Leading Edge Discovery, System Concept Invention Science and Technology Programs for the Armed Services Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 5. 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 FY 94 FY 95 FY 96 FY 97 FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 DARPA Basic Research Funding ($B) Budget Activity 6.1 (“University” funding) Unfettered “university-like” science research without specific applications in mind Billions ($) Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 6. 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 FY 94 FY 95 FY 96 FY 97 FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 DARPA Budget ($B) Fiscal Year Billions ($) Note: Amounts reflected are appropriated funds Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 7. DoD S&T Budgets and DARPA Budget ($B) Total of all 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 budget activities 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 FY 95 DoD Appropriated FY 96 FY 97 FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 DARPA’s Budget Billions ($) DoD PB Request Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 8. DARPA Accomplishments Command Post of the Future Autonomous Ground Vehicles SATURN Ground Surveillance Radar LSTAT ARPANET Assault Breaker JSTARS TALON GOLD MIMIC Speech Recognition X-45 Mobile Robots JSF Engine Phraselator SSUUOO SSAASS MEMS Pegasus Launch Vehicle Global Hawk DARPASAT VELA Hotel ALTAIR Mouse ATACMS Center for Monitoring Research Stealth Fighter Sea Shadow GPS M-16 Uncooled IR Exoskeleton 1980 2000 1960 1970 Predator BAT 1990 Advanced Cruise Missile Taurus Launch Vehicle Transit Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 9. DARPA’s Strategic Thrusts Investments Today for Future Capabilities Robust, Secure Self-Forming Networks Detection, Precision ID, Tracking & Destruction of Elusive Targets Networked Manned & Unmanned Systems Urban Area Operations Location and Characterization of Underground Structures Assured Use of Space Cognitive Systems Bio-Revolution Core Technologies (Materials/Electronics/Information Technology) APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 39873 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 10. References for DARPA Projects • Secretary of Defense • DoD Quadrennial Defense Review • DoD Strategic Planning Guidance 2008 – 2013 • Combatant Commanders Integrated Priority Lists • DoD Joint Program Decision Memorandums • Meetings and Briefs throughout DoD Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 11. Input Sources 2005 – 2006 DARPA Projects Reviews with Senior Pentagon Leaders, Combatant Commanders, Service Chiefs, Agency Directors, Operational Leaders • Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Dr. James Tegnelia • Vice Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Robert E. Willard • Director, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, LTG (Ret.) J. Clapper • Director, National Security Agency and Chief, Central Security Service, Lieutenant General Keith B. Alexander • Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Combating WMD & Negotiation Policy, Mr. Jack David • Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics Material & Readiness, Jack Bell • Commander, 8th Air Force, Lieutenant General Kevin P. Chilton • Deputy Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, Lt Gen C. Robert Kehler • Deputy Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, Lt Gen Daniel P. Leaf • Deputy Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance, U.S. Strategic Command, Major General Mark A. Welsh, III • Deputy Commander, Information Operations. 8th Air Force, Maj Gen Kozio • Director, Global Innovation and Strategy Center, U.S. Strategic Command, Dr. Kevin E. Williams • Director, Advanced Systems and Technology, National Reconnaissance Office, Dr. Pete Rustan • Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Claude M. Bolton, Jr. • Commander, Air Force Research Lab, Major General Ted Bowlds • Deputy Commanding General for Systems of Systems Integration, Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, Brigadier General Charles A. Cartwright • Director, Space Acquisition, Office of the Under Secretary of the Air Force Major General Craig R. Cooning • Vice Commander, Air Combat Command, Lieutenant General William M. Fraser • Director of Requirements, Air Combat Command, Major General Jack J. Catton, Jr. • Director of Plans and Programs, Air Combat Command, Major General Timothy C. Jones • Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon R. England • Secretary of the Army Francis J. Harvey • Secretary of the Navy Dr. Donald C. Winter • Secretary of the Air Force Michael W. Wynne • USD for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Kenneth J. Krieg • Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen A. Cambone • Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, ADM Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr. • Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Michael G. Mullen • Air Force Chief of Staff General John P. Jumper • Commandant of the Marine Corps General Michael W. Hagee • Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, General James E. Cartwright • Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command, GEN Bryan D. Brown • Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, Admiral William J. Fallon • Commander, U.S. Northern Command, Admiral Timothy Keating • Commander, U.S. Joint Forces Command, General Lance L. Smith • Commander, U.S. Central Command, General John Abizaid • Commander, Air Force Space Command, General Lance Lord • Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral Gary Roughead • Under Secretary of the Air Force Ronald M. Sega • Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition), Dr. Delores M. Etter • Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Ryan Henry • Director, Defense Research and Engineering, John J. Young, Jr. • Commanding General, USMC Combat Development Command, Lieutenant General James N. Mattis • Commanding General, III Corps and Fort Hood, Lt Gen Thomas F. Metz • Commander, Joint Functional Component Command–Integrated Missile Defense, Lieutenant General Larry J. Dodgen • Director, Defense Info Systems Agency, Lt Gen Charles E. Croom, Jr. Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 12. Future Icons • Networks (Self-forming, Robust, Self-defending) • Networked Sensors – Determine, Track, and Neutralize Threat • Real Time, Accurate Language Translation (Defense Language Institute, III Æ IV) • High-Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) • Air Vehicles (Fast Access, Long Loiter) • High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System (HELLADS) • Low-cost titanium ($2.5/lb military grade alloy) • Bio Warfare – Accelerate Development and Production of Therapeutics and Vaccines from 12+ years to 12 weeks • Prosthetics • Space dominance •Grand Challenge Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 13. High-Productivity Computing Systems High-Productivity Computing is Critical to National Security • Develop a new generation of economically viable high-productivity computing systems for the national security and industrial user community (2009 – 2010) Impact: • Performance (time-to-solution): speedup critical national security applications by a factor of 10X to 40X • Programmability (idea-to-first-solution): reduce cost and time of developing application solutions • Portability (transparency): insulate research and operational application software from system • Robustness (reliability): apply all known techniques to protect against outside attacks, hardware faults, & programming errors 060322_TT_ExDirectors Brief HPCS Program Focus Areas Fill the Critical DoD Need for: Intelligence/surveillance/reconnaissance, cryptanalysis, weapons design and analysis, airborne contaminant modeling and biotechnology Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 14. TTO Taaccttiiccaall Teecchhnnoollooggyy Offffiiccee 14 Oblique Flying Wing (OFW) Program Plan: • Develop conceptual design for objective OFW vehicle • Define, develop, and mature key oblique flying wing technologies • Conduct preliminary design of X-Plane demonstrator in Phase I • Design, build and fly OFW X-Plane in Phase II Low Speed: Unswept wing reduces drag due to lift and provides long range and endurance Goals: • Demonstrate the feasibility of a supersonic, tailless, variable sweep, oblique flying wing (OFW) • Provide increased flexibility for potential future missions requiring rapid deployment, long range and long endurance Supersonic: Swept wing reduces supersonic wave drag, improving supersonic range Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 15. Al2O3 TiO2 Al Ti What Was New TiO2 O2 Progress • Demonstration of 500ppm O2 from electrolytic and chemical routes at 50 lbs/day scale Next Step • Scale up to 500 lbs/day of most promising process Chemical Variation on O2 Removal Promises <$2.5/pound for Ingot Chemical Variation on O2 Removal Promises <$2.5/pound for Ingot APMTIAC Quarterly V6 No2 Low Cost Titanium Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 16. For Official Use Only DARPA’s Space Accomplishments Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 17. For Official Use Only DARPA Space Projects – Five Areas Space Mission Protection Active and passive defense of space assets Ground- and space-based threats, especially μ-sats Situational Awareness of Space Active and passive sensing of space from space or ground Access & Infrastructure Rapid, flexible space access Space-Based Support to the Warfighter Support real-time tactical warfighting from space Rapid response in denied areas Space Mission Denial Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 18. For Official Use Only DARPA Organization Director, Tony Tether Deputy Director, Bob Leheny Information Exploitation Bob Tenney Sensors Exploitation Systems Command & Control Strategic Technology Dave Honey Larry Stotts/Brian Pierce Space Sensors/Structures Strategic & Tactical Networks Information Assurance Underground Facility Detection & Characterization Chem/Bio Defense Maritime Operations Information Processing Technology Charlie Holland Barbara Yoon Cognitive Systems Computational – Perception Representation & Reasoning Learning Natural Communication Microsystems Technology John Zolper Dean Collins Electronics Photonics MEMS Algorithms Integrated Microsystems Defense Sciences Steve Wax Brett Giroir Physical Sciences Materials Biology Mathematics Human Effectiveness Bio Warfare Defense Virtual Space Office Tactical Technology Steve Welby Steve Walker Air/Space/Land/Sea Platforms Unmanned Systems Space Operations Laser Systems Precision Strike Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 19. For Official Use Only Space Programs & Technology AAcccceessss aanndd IInnffrraassttrruuccttuurree • On demand, cost effective launch, augmentation , and replenishment of Space forces • More affordable, more responsive, net-centric capabilities Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 20. Low Cost Launch Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 21. For Official Use Only Falcon Program Objective Develop and validate, in-flight, technologies that will enable a prompt global reach capability while at the same time, demonstrating affordable and responsive space lift Task 1 Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) •Small payloads to LEO •Low recurring launch cost (< $5M) •New launch operations •Conduct an early responsive operations flight demonstration, followed by multiple risk reduction launches Task 2 Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle (HCV) •Aircraft-like operations –Launch on-demand –Reusable –Recallable •Conduct an affordable hypersonic technology vehicle (HTV) building block demonstration to validate key HCV technologies Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 22. For Official Use Only Falcon Objective:Develop a low-cost, responsive Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) –Small payloads to LEO – 1000 lb to 28.5°, circular, 100 nmi –Low recurring launch cost: < $5M –Responsive launch operations AirLaunch Technical Challenges: •Responsive operations • Self-pressurization system • Air launch dynamics •Range integration • Balance between reliability and cost efficiency Operational Impact: •Operationally responsive space • Low cost access to space • Flexible launch and basing SpaceX Affordable, Responsive, Reliable Space Access Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 23. Falcon Hypersonic Technology Vehicles (HTV’s) Demonstrate Key Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle Technologies through Hypersonic Technology Vehicles: HTV-1 HTV-2 HTV-3 HCV HCV Technical Challenges addressed by HTV’s: ƒ Aerodynamics ƒ High-Temperature Materials & Structures ƒ Navigation Guidance and Control ƒ Communications through Plasma Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 24. Metallic/Ceramic Acreage TPS Panels Coated Ceramic Leading Edges Fully Integrated Inward Turning Inlet “Warm” Composite Primary Structure Osculating Flowfield Waverider Shape Over-Under Turbine Based Combined Cycle Flow Path H2 Tankage 58’ Dual Use Payload Bay HC Tankage Ceramic Control Surfaces Dual-Fuel Mn 9.25 Cruise Vision Vehicle Falcon HCV Technologies Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 25. HTV-2 Flight Test Boost Phase Hypersonic Glide Terminal Point Pull-up Flight Test Objectives: • Aero/thermal/flight dynamic performance – Verify aerodynamic coefficients and stability characteristics – Assess thermal response and thermal management techniques – Determine plasma attenuation effects • NG&C performance – Determine flight path precision – Verify control characteristics – Validate robustness of guidance algorithms – Assess INS/GPS navigation methodology and hardware Vandenberg Launch HTV-2A HTV-2B Kwajalein Impact Point Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 26. Orbital Express (OE) Accomplishments ASTRO and NextSat ASTRO Spacecraft NextSat Spacecraft Task FY02 Q2 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 SRR PDR CDR Program Management ASTRO Spacecraft Fluid Transfer System NEXTSat Spacecraft Robotic Arm Rendezvous Sensors System Integration and Test Launch Demo Complete Ship Bus to NGST Arm Assembly Complete Ship Arm to Boeing CDR Ship NextSat to Launch Site Integrated System Test Launch Ship Bus to NGST CDR CDR Receive FTAPS from NGST Receive FTS from NGST Receive Coupler from NGST Ship Sensor Suite to Boeing Ship ASTRO to Launch Site Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 27. Future, Fast, Flexible, Fractionated, Free-Flying Spacecraft united by Information eXchange (F6) • Fractionate a monolithic satellite into heterogeneous microsat-like modules • Microsatellite modules – Power – Telemetry & Comms – Computation & Data Handling – Demonstration Payload – Residual capability for Stakeholder Payload • Intra-module connectivity – Wireless (or over power) data • Inter-module connectivity – Wireless data – Wireless power to payloads System F6 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 28. For Official Use Only Motivation: Mission Benefits Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 29. For Official Use Only Space Programs & Technology Sppaaccee Siittuuaattiioonnaall Awaarreenneessss • Monitoring and analysis of the Space environment • Monitoring the status of friendly, neutral, and adversary Space assets Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 30. For Official Use Only Radiation Hardening By Design (RHBD) Design Fabs (Specialized) Rad Hard ICs • Use specialized processes • Requires dedicated foundries • Niche market – falling farther behind SOA (Currently 3-5 years) • DoD pays $500M every 2 years to maintain Design Fabs (Merchant) Rad Hard ICs Today: Futturre: • Design in radiation tolerance, e.g. by exploiting thinner device layers (less charge build up) and new isolation methods • Build devices in merchant foundries Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 31. For Official Use Only Radiation Hard by Design (RHBD) Design Hardening Concepts •No special manufacturing processes •Prudent transistor design (i.e. annular, “dog-bone”, all-around) • Circuit design & layout •Substrate & dynamic biasing Standard Edged Drain Gate Annular Transistor Polysilicon Gate Primary Electron Current Flow Goal: Build leading-edge RH electronics at commercial State of the Art foundries source gate drain Transistor Source n+ Source n+ Drain Field Oxide Edge Current Components Field Inversion Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 32. HAARP High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project Program Objective: • A high power, high frequency transmitter for interactive ionospheric research Potential Applications: Submarine communications, imaging of deeply buried targets, radio wave propagation channels in the upper atmosphere HAARP site in Alaska Technical Challenges: • 3600 kW radiated power • 20 –31 dB antenna gain • Power Density: – 3.2 mW/m2 (@ 100 km, 3 MHz) – 4.0 mW/m2 (@ 250 km, 9 MHz) HAARP antenna array Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 33. HAARP IInssttrrumeentt Coomplleettiioon Ionospheric Currents 100 km 60 km ELF / VLF Radio Waves Control of Charged Particle Effects on Satellite Operations HAARP HF Transmitter Submarine Comm Imaging Buried Targets Buried Receiver Comm ELF / VLF Radio Waves ELF / VLF Radio Waves Description: • Increase HAARP effective radiated power by factor of 16 (Tx power from 960 kW to 3600 kW; from 6X8 antenna elements (~5 acres) to 12X15 (~22 acres) • Increase frequency coverage from 2.8-8 MHz to 2.8-10 MHz Objectives: • Demonstrate control of ionospheric charged particle behavior and subterranean/submarine signal penetration Status and Accomplishments • Antenna array size increase completed; all elements and ground plane frozen in place • Transmitter modules successfully put into serial production and test • Power plant increased to full capacity, Diesel prime movers improved as to emissions • Diagnostic instruments/radars expanded to match HAARP capabilities • Aircraft intrusion warning system being upgraded to meet FAA needs for safety Schedule Antenna completion Transmitters completed Power plant upgraded Utility Demonstrated FY03-05 FY06 FY07 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 34. For Official Use Only Space Programs & Technology Sppaaccee--Baasseedd Suuppppoorrtt ttoo tthhee Waarrffiigghhtteerr • Small, innovative, responsive, agile, dedicated Space systems • Persistent Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 35. For Official Use Only ISAT Demonstration Program Mature Key ISAT Technologies • Reliable deployment of huge space antennas • Real time metrology and calibration <1mm On Orbit Demonstration • Launch, deploy and control a large (~100m) space structure • Characterize structural modes • Demonstrate metrology, calibration techniques and transmit beam formation Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 36. Rigidizeable Inflatable Materials 040519_MZ_DIRO Review ISAT Enabling Technologies >100:1 Linear Compaction Ratio Reliable Deployment Metrology <λ/20 error Optical Metrology RF Metrology On-board Beacon(s) (Optional) Star Tracker(s) Axis Coherent Ground Beacon(s) Antenna Orientation Calibration Coherent Transmit Beam Deployment Cage Kinematic Models Array Fed Reflector ESA Master Fiduciary/Elements Signal Integral Hinge Staggered Longerons 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 degs dB 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 degs dB ideal uncompensated compensated ideal uncompensated compensated Teepee Motion Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 37. For Official Use Only Global Continuous Surface Target Tracking Strategic Space Based Engagement Mission: GMTI Surveillance “JSTARS Like” Required Technical Performance: Tactical Targeting “Better Than E-10” Tactical Surveillance Indications and Warning (large scale movement) Fast Movers (>4 m/s) • Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV) < 4 m/s Slow Movers (<< 4 m/s) • Cross-Range Accuracy Poor Accuracy Good Accuracy Better Accuracy Low Revisit, Significant Gaps Good Revisit, High Revisit, “No Gaps” • Track Continuity Significant Gaps Precision, Single Target Tracking Grouped Target Movement Functional Capability Desired: IISSAATT Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 38. For Official Use Only Integrated Sensor Is Structure (ISIS) Capability cannot be added to airship after development Lockheed-Martin Proprietary MDA Airship Conventional Airship Payload bay ISIS requires integration of sensor and airship Payload: 1.7% of system mass Payload: 30-40% of system mass Truly persistent detection, tracking, and fire-control for: - Low fliers at 600km (eg. anti-ship/cruise missiles, & aircraft) - Surface targets at 300km (eg. littoral small boats, ground vehicles, & dismounts) Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 39. For Official Use Only Most Powerful Airborne GMTI/AMTI Radar & Comms Ever Conceived Simultaneous AMTI/GMTI Operation Via Dual Band (UHF/X-Band) Aperture AMTI Fire Control Wideband Covert UAV Downlink T3 (45 Mbps) real-time video @ 600km Wide Area GMTI FOPEN Detection Targets @ 300 km No In-Theater Ground Support – 99% on station availability for 1+ years 600km radar horizon at 70kft operational altitude <10m3 CEP @ 600km Wide Area GMTI Search-while-Track Slow targets out to 300km Detect and track Dismounted troops Wideband T3 Handset Communications T3 (45 Mbps) handsets @ 300km line-of-sight High Capacity AMTI Track 1000 Targets @ 600km Precision Engagement Tracking 5000+ targets @ 300 km range <<100m resolution Direct-to-User Data Flow Wide Area AMTI Search Targets @ 600 km Long-Range LPD Communications Building/foliage penetration (low-band) 2.5kbps voice channel with watch battery @ 600km Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 40. Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 41. $2 million cash prize 8 October 2005 The best autonomous robotic vehicles America can build Miles of some of the toughest terrain in the Winner takes all world 2005 Grand Challenge Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 42. 195 Applicants February 2005 Calculated RISC Fitchburg, WI Team TerraMax Oshkosh, WI Team Go It Alone Team Visionary Endeavor Appleton, WI Dakota Robotics Fargo, ND Team Arctic Tortoise Fairbanks, AK Mojávaton Grand Junction, CO Rob Meyer Productions Autonomx Tucson, AZ A.I. Motorvators Axion Racing The Golem Group/ UCLA Team SARA Go Baja Team Riàdeil Out-of-Knowhere Team Symcas Team AION Thortech Team Mark Antonelli Palos Verdes HS Road Warriors Team OCCAM Team RoboShack Unmanned Vehicles International Cobalt Horizons CyberRider SciAutonics/Auburn Engineering Team Caltech TeamDesignatedDriver Rogue COGNAV LIPS_MALIBU Team Auto-Triad S Team Robot Monster Team Improbability Team Banzai Alphalogix Alphaworks Null Set the Simf enterprise UCLA/HUJ Team Tormenta UCI DARPA Grand Challenge Team Team Philo Servic Machines Team Alice Hollyware Optical Technology v1 Los Angeles Area, CA University of Washington Seattle, WA Oregon WAVE Corvallis, OR AVEngineers Arcadia, CA sapper Paradise, CA Junk yard dogs Salinas, CA Two Much Trouble (T.M.T.) North Berwick, ME IQ (Intelligent Quad) Indy Robot Racing Team Cakewalk Indianapolis, IN Team ET Kokomo, IN Robotic Navigation Greenwood, IN The Challengers Rising Sun, IN BJB Engineering Willoughby Hills, OH Team Jefferson Crozet, VA Team CART Bluefield, WV Team Greene Milton, WV COPERNICUS Larchmont, NY Team Cornell II Team Cornell Ithaca, NY Atlas Offroad New Haven, CT Highlander Racing Monroe, NJ Princeton University Princeton, NJ AutoTrek Moorestown, NJ Desert Arrow Manassas, VA The MITRE Meteorites McLean, VA Hepner Robotics Edinburg, VA McNeelly Port Saint Lucie, FL Desert Buckeyes Columbus, OH Cjase Bearcats Cincinnati, OH Team Wedge Wooster, OH Team Robo Knight South Lebanon, OH Team CajunBot Lafayette, LA Gray Team Metairie Green Wave New Orleans, LA Team Geochelone New york, NY Autonomous Ingenuity Rochester, NY Team Ruamyarti Queens Village, NY Team LoGHIQ Walden, NY T3SEA Cortland, NY G-CART@RIT Rochester, NY Team Buffalo Lockport, NY GRASP Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Red Team Red Team Too Pittsburgh, PA Team George Knoxville, TN Spurrier’s Hurriers Mary Esther, FL Planet Explorer Renton, WA Team Sleipner Sequim, WA The Prodigies Olympia, WA Vista Engineering Carson, WA Allied Forces Issaquah, WA Cyber Nav Bothell, WA Roboway Mercer Isalnd, WA Day Star Mc Caysville, GA Team ZingerBot Colorado Springs, CO Team White Cougar the Las Vegas Gamblers Las Vegas, NV Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies II Apple Valley, MN Team Wellington Danville, IL Team Levin Highland Park, IL Team Fast Forward Chicago, IL Team MTR Libertyville, IL Team Excelsior Severna Park, MD oxOxo Annapolis, MD Omnitech Queenstown, MD Virginia Tech Virginia Tech Team Rocky Blacksburg, VA Team ENSCO Springfield, VA Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies I Littleton, CO Utah Robotics Kaysville, UT BR Mobility Murray, UT Team Juggarnaut Sandy, UT FutureNowa Provo, UT The A Team Kingman, AZ Intelligent Machines K1 Phoenix, AZ Team Manticore - MIT Cambridge, MA Austin Robot Technology Austin, TX Mobile Autonomous robotics Society San Antonio, TX MonsterMoto Cedar Park, TX Armadillo-Bot Bryan, TX Pegasus College Station New Team (160) 2004 applicant (35) CIMAR Gainesville, FL Team UCF Orlando, FL RAV LLC Oviedo, FL Inginouity Kansas City, MO Team Phantasm Ballwin, MO Spirit of St. Louis Fenton, MO Smooth Operator Cape Girardeau, MO Relentless Winchester, MA AppIntellect Bellingham, MA Team UMass Dartmouth Dartmouth, Ma Stockbrige High School Stockbridge, GA Newbies Fort Gordon, GA Team GA Lyons, GA Patriot Robotics Taylor, TX Texas DARPA Challenge Conroe, TX Team Grand Challenger Rabid Ape Robotics Houston, TX Team Simple Genius Humble, TX AV Andrea Morgan AV Sydney Bristow AV Wendy Darling Traverse City, MI Sakoryat Oak Park, MI Team CrossLand Haslett, MI Insight Racing Cary, NC 195 teams from 36 states Team 2015 Jacksonville, FL Rust Bucket Racing Temple Terrace, FL TEAM LONG SHOT St. Petersburg, FL Not Shown: Autonosys, West Coast Robotics and UBC-CERM3 Team Thunderbird – Canada, Grand Challenge New Zealand, Dotmobil Team –France, OK Rover Broken Arrow, OK TeamNOVA Chickasha, OK Team Nomad Ridgecrest, CA Autobots Lincoln, NE Team-Possible Seymour, TN Team UTC Chattanooga, TN Intrepid Birminigham, AL Trobo Petal, MS Lunatic Fringe Sunnyvale, CA Team Overbot Redwood City, CA True Vision Atascadero, CA “R” Junk Works Lancaster, CA KNetX Quartz Hill, CA Herbie Goes! Escondido, CA GP Machine Intelligence San Marcos, CA Team Underdawg San Jose, CA Autonomous Vehicle Systems Simple Solutions Inclusive TouchTech San Diego, CA Easy Does It Ventura, CA Mojave Lions Cerritos, CA Terra Engineering Rancho Palos Verdes, CA I to the Future StoneWalker Albuquerque, NM Team Texas Tech Lubbock, TX Blue Team Berkeley, CA Standford Racing Team Stanford, CA Team Aggie Spirit (UC Davis) Davis, CA Team Cal Poly Ben Lomond, CA Team DAD Morgan Hill, CA D2 Honolulu, HI 3 High Schools / 35 Universities Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 43. Finalists Axion Racing SciAutonics/Auburn Engineering Team Caltech The Golem Group/ UCLA Los Angeles Area, CA Red Team Red Team Too Pittsburgh, PA Team Cornell Ithaca, NY Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies I Littleton, CO Team ENSCO Springfield, VA MonsterMoto Cedar Park, TX CIMAR Gainesville, FL Team TerraMax Oshkosh, WI Desert Buckeyes Columbus, OH Insight Racing Cary, NC 23 teams from 13 states The MITRE Meteorites McLean, VA Team DAD Morgan Hill, CA Mojávaton Grand Junction, CO Blacksburg, VA Team CajunBot Lafayette, LA Stanford Racing Team Stanford, CA Virginia Tech Team Rocky Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA Princeton University Princeton, NJ 2004 Grand Challenge Team - 14 2005 Grand Challenge New Entry - 9 Gray Team Metairie, LA Universities Carnegie Mellon (2) Auburn University CalTech Stanford University of Louisiana Ohio State Virginia Tech (2) Cornell University of Florida Princeton Tulane University UCLA Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 44. The Course Narrow Underpass Lake Beds Rough Roads Long Tunnels Narrow Gates Start/Finish 132 mi Close Obstacles Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 45. Beer Bottle Pass – Mile 123 Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 46. Grand Challenge Finishers CMU – Highlander 7h 14m – 18.25 mph CMU – Sandstorm 7h 4m – 18.7 mph Stanford - Stanley 6h 53m – 19.2 mph Gray Team 7h 30m – 17.6 mph Oshkosh –Terramax 12h 51m – 10.3 mph Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) Overnight Operations
  • 47. Urban Challenge Autonomous Ground Vehicles in the City Travel 60 miles in traffic in under 6 hrs. • Safe following and passage of a moving vehicle • Safe merge with other moving traffic • Safe passage through busy intersections • Parking in congested areas. Safe U-Turn • Figure out an alternate route when the primary route is impassable November 3, 2007 Western U.S. Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
  • 48. For Official Use Only Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)