Gerd Hauser (Fraunhofer) presentation at the Ecodesign roundtable organised by Clean Sky at PAris Air Show 2011

1. LCA supporting the future in Aviation and
Surface Transport
Understanding the Companionship and Quantification of Environmental
Impacts – The example of Automotive E-Mobility
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd Hauser
© Fraunhofer IBP

2. Global trends
Energy consumption
Climate change
and resource depletion
Globalisation and Increasing mobility
Urban sprawl and transportation
Informational
Demographic
society and
change
new technologies
© Fraunhofer IBP

3. Methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
What is LCA?
LCA ?
Definition of Life Cycle Assessment (DIN ISO 14040):
„Life Cycle Assessment is the compiling and evaluation of the inputs and
outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system
during its lifetime“
© Fraunhofer IBP

4. Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040)
Resource Consumption (Materials and Energy Carriers),
Global Warming, Ozone Depletion, Summer Smog,
Acidification, Eutrophication, Human-Toxicity,
Eco-Toxicity, Land use ...
Impact
Assessment
Emissions
Wastes
Life Cycle Output Output Output Output Output
Inventory Input Input Input Input Input
Resources
Life Cycle Raw Material Production of Production of Use Phase Recycling,
Phases Extraction Intermediates Main Products Recovery, Disposal
© Fraunhofer IBP

5. Life Cycle Assessment
Production of
Production of
Intermediates
Parts / Product
Raw Material
Extraction
Disposal of
Recycling of Use of the
the Product
the Product Product
© Fraunhofer IBP

6. Methodology of LCA – The ISO 14040 and 14044
LCA framework Direct applications:
Goal and scope • Product
definition development
and improvement
Interpretation
Inventory analysis • Strategic planning
• Public policy making
Impact assessment • Marketing
• Other
© Fraunhofer IBP

7. ELCD database – ILCD-format
ILCD
International
Reference Life
Cycle Data System
ILCD1.1 format: Documentation and exchange format for the documentation and
publication of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
data sets;
ELCD database: the database behind the ILCD1.1 data format is called ELCD
database (as it is up to now dealing with European datasets); an international
database is planned.
© European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Environment and Sustainability, 1995-2010
© Fraunhofer IBP

8. Life Cycle Assessment Software GaBi4
GaBi4 Database manager
GaBi4
Plan editor
GaBi4
Analyst and scenario manager
© Fraunhofer IBP

9. Example: Aeronautics Industry – LCA supporting
Innovation and Optimization
3 2
1
8
4
5
6
7
© Fraunhofer IBP

10. LCA in the automotive industry
© Fraunhofer IBP

11. LCA in the automotive industry…
……An Assessment of Complex Systems !
© Fraunhofer IBP

12. Assessment of Complex Systems: Automotive Industry
© VW: The Golf, Environmental Recommendation – Detailed Version
© Fraunhofer IBP

13. Environmental Recommendations
Concept
Profile of the environmental performance over the entire life cycle
Point out the improvements in comparison to the predecessor
Specific technological highlights related to the environment
Requirements of the target groups
Reliable: Certification according to ISO 14040/44.
Clear and understandable message: Environmental Recommendation
Comprehensive and transparent: Background Report
© VW: Presentation of S. Krinke, Volkswagen AG, GaBi Symposium, Leinfelden, 2009
© Fraunhofer IBP

14. Environmental Recommendations & Certificates
Examples
Volkswagen Mercedes-Benz
© VW: The Golf, Environmental Recommendation – Detailed © Mercedes-Benz: Environmental Certificate C-Class
Version
© Fraunhofer IBP

15. Example: Environmental Assessment of E-Mobility
The Fraunhofer System Research for Electromobility (FSEM)
Fraunhofer Systemforschung Elektromobilität
Energy generation and Infrastructures
Energie - Schnittstelle Elektr Energiespeicher
.
Energie
- Kreislauf
-
Interfaces between Power Gird and erzeugung
transport nd
u
-verteilung
Stromnetz
Fahrzeug
–
Neue Fahrzeugkonzepte
wirtschaft
Electric Vehicles,
Energy storage
New vehicle concepts / infrastructures
Utilization- and metering concepts
Environmental Assessment
© Fraunhofer IBP

16. Example: Environmental Assessment of E-Mobility
Results: Comparison to conventional vehicles (Global Warming Potential)
Conventional (compact) (diesel)
Conventional (mini) (diesel) Car Platform
Inverters and Electronics
Conventional (compact) (Gasoline) Motor (PMSM)
Battery System
Conventional (mini) (Gasoline)
Fuel Tank
Hybrid (compact, 14kWh); Wind Power Generator
Motor (ICE)
Hybrid (compact, 14kWh); DE-Mix
Conventional Car
BEV (compact; 40kWh) ; Wind Power Add. Battery (Maintenance)
Power (2010-2021)
BEV (compact; 40kWh); DE-Mix
Fuel (prod. and Combustion)
BEV (mini; 20kWh); Wind Power Wind Power
BEV (mini; 20kWh), DE-Mix
0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000
[kg CO2-Equiv.]
© Fraunhofer IBP

17. Example: Environmental Assessment of E-Mobility
Results: City car scenario 2010-2020, high mileage (e.g. car sharing fleet)
Global Warming Potential
40 40
Scenario 2010 Scenario 2020
BEV (Mini);DE Powermix
35 35
] ]
.
.
v 30 v
i 30 BEV (Mini); Wind Power
i u
u q
q E
E -
- 25 225 Car diesel <1,4 l
2
O O
C C
t t
[
[ 20
20 Car petrol <1,4 l
15 15
10
10
5
5
0
0 40.000 80.000 120.000 160.000 0
0 40.000 80.000 120.000 160.000
km
km
Bandwidth of power generation mix
© Fraunhofer IBP

18. Example: Environmental Assessment of E-Mobility
Summary and conclusion
Relevant Indicators of E-Mobility
Technology mix of power generation
Battery system: Technology, dimensioning and lifetime
Production of required High-Tech materials
Vehicle specific driving profiles and total mileage
LCA is a great companion for
comprehensive and reliable
assessment of complex systems
and future oriented technologies
© Fraunhofer IBP