The Sharing Economy: Embracing Change with Caution
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This presentation was given for Skatteverket (The Swedish Tax Authority) in April 2016. Entreprenörskapsforum commissioned the original report behind this presentation, available at sharing.claireingram.se.
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The Sharing Economy: Embracing Change with Caution
- 1. The Sharing Economy and Sweden Claire Ingram Stockholm School of Economics
- 2. What is the Sharing Economy? Rachel Botsman: “a system that activates the untapped value of all kinds of assets through models and marketplaces that enable greater efficiency and access”
- 3. Or the “peer-to-peer exchange of tangible and intangible slack (or potentially slack) resources, including information, in both global and local contexts”. (Felländer, Ingram & Teigland, 2015)
- 4. More selling than sharing in Sweden TNS för Nordea, 31 augusti – 9 september 2015 Second-handsales SharingandExchanging
- 5. What’s driving it? • Internet access (especially mobile) • Lower barriers to entry • Ease of financial transactions • Improvements in analytics • Financial crisis • Low wages and job insecurity • Necessity • But also a desire to lead a more sustainable life
- 6. Economy, environment of note TNS för Nordea, 31 augusti – 9 september 2015
- 7. Internet access Statistics from Internet World Statistics, 2015
- 8. Mobile internet Statistics from Google, 2015 & Svenskarna och Internet 2015
- 9. How does it work? • Reduces transaction costs (incl. cost of “finding” a match) http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/strategic-decisions-for-multisided-platforms/ • Bargaining costs • Policing and enforcement costs
- 10. Uber AirBnB
- 12. Global – but also local
- 14. Some examples Asset Examples Global Swedish Tangible Transportation Property Food Uber BlaBlaCar Didi Kuaidi AirBnB Skjutsgruppen SunFleet Hoffice Workaround.io Intangible: Financial Crowdfunding P2P lending Kickstarter Indiegogo LendingClub Prosper GoFundMe FundedByMe Crowdcube ToBorrow Intangible: Services Professional Personal Innocentive Mechanical Turk Upwork TaskRabbit eWork Vint TaskRunner
- 15. And “sharing” is big business… http://www.web-strategist.com/blog/2015/06/04/the-collaborative-sharing-economy-has-created-17-billion-dollar-companies-and-10-unicorns/ 26 bn USD today 335bn USD in 2025
- 16. COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY FRAMEWORK V0.1 LEARNING p2p learning open courses & moocs PRODUCTION co-design / co-innovationdigital peer production distributed fabrication (makers) FINANCE p2p funding p2p payments p2p insurance compl. currencies GOVERNANCE SWARM participatory organizations participatory government blockchain / DAO CONSUMPTION redistribution local food systemsproduct-service on-demand services
- 18. http://mashable.com/2013/02/13/robohand/ $60,000 $150 Available for free download on $45 Also a force for good
- 19. It could even finance itself! Form Benefits for funders Donation- based Donation Intangible benefits. Reward-based Donation or pre- purchase Rewards in addition to intangible benefits. Equity-based Investment Return on investment if company does well. Rewards sometimes also offered and intangible benefits may motivate too. Debt-based Loan Repayment of loan with interest. Alternatively intangible benefits if loan given interest-free.Ingram & Teigland 2013
- 20. Crowdfunding growth 2012-2015 34bn USD (est.)
- 21. What are the projections? By 2025, global crowdfunding could reach 90 to 96 bn USD 1.8 times today’s global VC industry) Growth potential greatest in emerging markets? 50bn USD in China by 2025?
- 22. Livengood & Ingram 2015
- 23. Policy concerns • Over-regulation • Flexible job market • Improved efficiency • Safety concerns • Two-tier labour market • Race to the bottom • Artificial Monopoly
- 24. Labour market challenges • More efficient / sustainable use of resources BUT not really creating many jobs • Those it does create are often insecure and poorly paid • What is employment?
- 27. Regulatory & Economic challenges • Lots of peer-to-peer contracts – need capacity to deal with these • What about taxation, security, IP and privacy? • Is it a race to the bottom? • What are the implications of ”zero marginal cost”? • Reduced consumer spending – effect on growth? • Creation of monopolies • How do we measure it?
- 30. What’s next? High Pace of Technological Development and Adop on Low Pace of Technological Development and Adop on Global Economic Growth Global Economic Recession “Business as Usual” “Shadow Economy” “Internet of Space” “Freelance Economy”
- 32. Claire Ingram Stockholm School of Economics claire.ingram@hhs.se @Claire_EBI slides.claireingram.se