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Protozoos y algas
- 5. AMEBOZOOS SEUDÓPODOS AMEBOZOOS SEUDÓPODOS LOBULADOS LOBULADOS GMNAMEBAS GMNAMEBAS ENTAMOEBAS ENTAMOEBAS HONGOS MUCILAGINOSOS HONGOS MUCILAGINOSOS
- 7. SARCODINOS
- 10. LE 28-26 Feeding plasmodium Zygote (2n) Mature plasmodium (preparing to fruit) Young sporangium SYNGAMY 1 mm Amoeboid cells (n) Mature sporangium Key Flagellated cells (n) Germinating spore Spores (n) MEIOSIS Stalk Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)
- 11. LE 28-27 SYNGAMY Emerging amoeba Spores (n) 600 µm SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Amebas solitarias Estadio de alimentación Cuerpos fructíferos ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Amebas conglomeradas Zygote (2n) MEIOSIS Amoebas Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Conglomerado En vías de migración 200 µm CICLO DE VIDA DE Dictyostelium, un hongo mucilaginoso celular
- 12. CERCOZOOS FORAMINIFEROS Y RADIOLARIOS FORAMINIFEROS RADIOLARIOS
- 18. LE 28-7 9 µm
- 19. CICLO DE TRANSMISIÓN DEL TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE
- 20. LE 28-8 FLAGELO LARGO EMANCHA OCULAR O ESTIGMA DETECTOR DE LUZ FLAGELO CORTO Euglena (LM) Nucleus VACUOLA CONTRÁCTIL 5 µm Plasma membrane Chloroplast EUGLENA Pellicle EUGLENA
- 21. ALVEOLADOS SACOS DEBAJO DE LA MEMBRANA PLASMÁTICA DINOFLAGELADOS APICOMPLEXOS CILIADOS
- 22. LE 28-2b 100 µm Ceratium tripos, a unicellular marine dinoflagellate (LM)
- 23. LE 28-10 3 µm Flagella Pfiesteria shumwayae, dinoflagelado
- 24. CILIADOS
- 25. Paramecium
- 27. LE 28-12a FEEDING, WASTE REMOVAL, AND WATER BALANCE Contractile vacuole Paramecium, like other freshwater protists, constantly takes in water by osmosis from the hypotonic environment. Bladderlike contractile vacuoles accumulate excess water from radial canals and periodically expel it through the plasma membrane. Paramecium feeds mainly on bacteria. Rows of cilia along a funnel-shaped oral groove move food into the cell mouth, where the food is engulfed into food vacuoles by phagocytosis. Oral groove Cell mouth Thousands of cilia cover the surface of Paramecium. 50 µm Food vacuoles combine with lysosomes. As the food is digested, the vacuoles follow a looping path through the cell. Micronucleus Macronucleus The undigested contents of food vacuoles are released when the vacuoles fuse with a specialized region of the plasma membrane that functions as an anal pore.
- 28. LE 28-12 FEEDING, WASTE REMOVAL, AND WATER BALANCE Paramecium, like other freshwater protists, constantly takes in water by osmosis from the hypotonic environment. Bladderlike contractile vacuoles accumulate excess water from radial canals and periodically expel it through the plasma membrane. Contractile vacuole Paramecium feeds mainly on bacteria. Rows of cilia along a funnel-shaped oral groove move food into the cell mouth, where the food is engulfed into food vacuoles by phagocytosis. Oral groove Cell mouth Thousands of cilia cover the surface of Paramecium. Food vacuoles combine with lysosomes. As the food is digested, the vacuoles follow a looping path through the cell. 50 µm Micronucleus The undigested contents of food vacuoles are released when the vacuoles fuse with a specialized region of the plasma membrane that functions as an anal pore. Macronucleus CONJUGATION AND REPRODUCTION Meiosis of micronuclei produces four haploid micronuclei in each cell. Two cells of compatible mating strains align side by side and partially fuse. Compatible mates Three micronuclei in each cell disintegrate. The remaining micronucleus in each cell divides by mitosis. Macronucleus The cells swap one micronucleus. MEIOSIS Haploid micronucleus Diploid micronucleus Diploid micronucleus MICRONUCLEAR FUSION The cells separate. Two rounds of cytokinesis partition one maccronucleus and one macronucleus into each of four daughter cells. The original macronucleus disintegrates. Four micronuclei become macronuclei, while the other four remain micronuclei. Micronuclei Three rounds of mitosis without fuse, forming a diploid cytokinesis micronucleus. produce eight micronuclei. Key Conjugation Reproduction
- 29. LE 28-12b CONJUGATION AND REPRODUCTION Meiosis of micronuclei Three micronuclei in each cell produces four haploid disintegrate. The remaining micromicronuclei in each cell. nucleus in each cell divides by mitosis. Two cells of compatible mating strains align side by side and partially fuse. Compatible mates Macronucleus The cells swap one micronucleus. MEIOSIS Haploid micronucleus Diploid micronucleus Diploid micronucleus MICRONUCLEAR FUSION The cells separate. Two rounds of cytokinesis partition one macronucleus and one macronucleus into each of four daughter cells. The original macronucleus disintegrates. Four micronuclei become macronuclei, while the other four remain micronuclei. Three rounds Micronuclei of mitosis fuse, forming without a diploid cytokinesis micronucleus. produce eight micronuclei. Key Conjugation Reproduction
- 30. Stentor
- 32. Vorticella
- 34. LE 28-11 Inside mosquito Inside human Merozoito esporozoitos (n) HIGADO hepatocito Oooquiste MEIOSIS Cigoto (2n) Apex Merozoito (n) Red blood cell 0.5 µm Glóbulos rojos FERTILIZATION Key Gametes Gametocytes (n) Haploid (n) Diploid (2n)
- 35. ESPOROZOOS
- 36. Estramenópilos flagelos pilosos y lisos Ovomicetos (mohos de agua y especies cercanas) Diatomeas Algas doradas Algas pardas
- 37. LE 28-13 Hairy flagellum Smooth flagellum 5 µm Synura petersenii
- 38. LE 28-14_3 Oogonium Germ tube Egg nucleus (n) Cyst Antheridial hypha with sperm nuclei (n) MEIOSIS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Zoospore (2n) FERTILIZATION Zygote germination Zoosporangium (2n) Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Zygotes (2n)
- 40. 3 µm LE 28-15
- 41. LE 28-17 Dynobrion alga dorada formadora de colonias en agua dulce 25 µm
- 42. LE 28-18 LÁMINA ESTÍPITE ANCLAJE PALMERA DE MAR Postelsia
- 43. Figure 28-19 Selva de kelp. Macrocystis
- 44. LE 28-21 C I C L O Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Sporangia D E esporangio V I D A D E L A M I N A R I A MEIOSIS zoosporas Zoospores Esporofito 2n Femenino Esporofito en vías De desarrollo Gametophytes (n) Zygote (2n) Gametofito femenino maduro (n) FERTILIZATION Egg oosfera masculino anterozoide
- 45. Algas verdes y rojas
- 46. LE 28-2d 500 µm Spirogyra, a filamentous freshwater green alga (insert LM)
- 47. LE 28-2c 4 cm Delesseria sanguinea, a multicellular marine red alga
- 48. LE 28-20 El alga de mar se cultiva sobre redes en aguas costeras poco profundas. Porphyra ( alga roja ) un operario esparce las algas de mar recolectadas sobre pantallas de bambú para que se sequen lasláminas satinadas de nori, delgadas como un papel, constituyen una envoltura rica en minerales para el arroz, mariscos y vegetales que forman el sushi
- 49. LE 28-28 Dulse (Palmaria palmata). This edible species has a “leafy” form. A coralline alga. The cells walls of corralline algae are hardened by calcium carbonate. Some coralline algae are members of the biological communities called coral reefs. Bonnemaisonia hamifera, a filamentous red alga. Palmaria palmata
- 50. Figure 28-29
- 51. LE 28-30 20 µm 50 µm Volox, a colonial freshwater chlorophyte. The colony is a hollow ball whose wall is composed of hundreds or thousands of biflagellated cells (see inset LM) embedded in a gelatinous matrix. The cells are usually connected by strands of cytoplasm; if isolated, these cells cannot reproduce. The large colonies seen here will eventually release the small “daughter” colonies within them (LM). Calperpa, an inter-tidal chlorophyte. The branched filaments lack cross-walls and thus are multinucleate. In effect, the thallus is one huge “supercell.” Ulva, or sea lettuce. This edible seaweed has a multicellular thallus differentiated into leaflike blades and a rootlike holdfast that anchors the alga against turbulent waves and tides.
- 52. LE 28-31 Flagella 1 µm Cell wall Nucleus Zoospores Regions of single chloroplast Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION SYNGAMY Mature cell (n) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION MEIOSIS Zygote (2n)
- 53. LE 28-3 Plastid Dinoflagellates Secondary endosymbiosis Apicomplexans Red algae Cyanobacterium Primary endosymbiosis Stramenopiles Secondary endosymbiosis Heterotrophic eukaryote Plastid Euglenids Secondary endosymbiosis Green algae Chlorarachniophytes
- 54. Euglenozoa Parabasala Alveolata Ancestral eukaryote Plants Charophyceans Chlorophytes Animalia Plantae Chlorophyta Rhodophyta (Opisthokonta) Red algae Metazoans Choanoflagellates Fungi Radiolaria Amoebozoa Fungi Cellular slime molds Plasmodial slime molds Entamoebas Gymnamoebas Radiolarians Foraminiferans Chlorarachniophytes Brown algae Golden algae Diatoms Cercozoa Oomycetes Ciliates Apicomplexans Stramenopila Dinoflagellates Euglenids Kinetoplastids Parabasalids Diplomonads Diplomonadida LE 28-4 (Viridiplantae)
- 55. LE 28-5a Giardia intestinalis, a diplomonad (colorized SEM) 5 µm
- 56. LE 28-5b Flagella Undulating membrane 5 µm Trichomonas vaginalis, a parabasalid (colorized SEM)
- 57. LE 28-6 Flagella 0.2 µm Crystalline rod Ring of microtubules Euglenozoo
- 59. Table 28-1