High Concurrency Architecture and Laravel Performance Tuning
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@LaraConf Taiwan 2019
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High Concurrency Architecture and Laravel Performance Tuning
- 1. High Concurrency Web Architecture and Laravel Performance Tuning @LaravelConf Taiwan 2019 By Albert Chen
- 2. About Me • Albert Chen • Software Engineer • M17 HandsUp • Open Source Maintainer
- 3. What Is High Concurrency?
- 4. What Is High Concurrency? PV = 2,000,000 (200w) QPS = (200w x 0.8) / (24 x 3600 x 0.2) 93 QPS 😀
- 5. What Is High Concurrency? 2,000,000 (200w) in 1 minute QPS = 200w / 60 33333 QPS 😭
- 6. What Is High Concurrency? Read in High Concurrency • Vertical Scaling • Horizontal Scaling • Content Delivery Network • Data Caching • Single Point Optimization Write in High Concurrency • Message Queue • Rate Limit • Maximum Serving Limit • Wait in Line • Rules Optimization
- 8. Performance Tuning in Laravel • Route and Config Files Cache • Cache (Not Limited to Database) • Async Event (Delayed Processing) • Database Read/Write Separation • OPCache • Preloading in PHP 7.4
- 9. Route and Config Files Cache php artisan route:cache
- 10. Route and Config Files Cache Register Route Route Register Route Route Register Route Route Route Collection • Lifecycle for Registering Routes
- 11. Route and Config Files Cache Unserialize Cached Serialized Route Collection Route Collection • Lifecycle for Routes Caching
- 12. Route and Config Files Cache Route Numbers No cache (ms) Cache (ms) Speed-up 1 2.5 1.9 1.3x 10 5.2 2.6 2.0x 100 22.5 4.3 5.3x 1,000 166 32 5.1x 10,000 1,513 334 4.5x https://voltagead.com/laravel-route-caching-for-improved-performance/
- 13. Route and Config Files Cache https://voltagead.com/laravel-route-caching-for-improved-performance/
- 14. Route and Config Files Cache php artisan config:cache
- 15. Route and Config Files Cache Merged Config File • Lifecycle for Config Caching Config Files
- 16. Benchmark Comparison • Provider: Google Cloud Platform • Instance Type: n1-standard-8 • CPUs: 8 vCPU Cores (Skylake) • Memory: 30 G • Disk: 20 G SSD • OS: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS • PHP Version: 7.3
- 17. Benchmark Comparison • Benchmark without Cache
- 18. Benchmark Comparison • Benchmark with Routes and Config Cache
- 19. Cache (Not Limited to Database) • Discover Hotspot Data (Hit Rate) • Proper TTL for Cached Data • Avoid Expiring Cache at The Same Time • Revoke Cache when Data Changes • Avoid Cache Missing • Hierarchical Cache Design • High Available Cache System • Warm Up the Cache
- 20. Cache (Not Limited to Database) • Revoke Cache when Data Changes
- 21. Cache (Not Limited to Database) • Avoid Cache Missing
- 22. Cache (Not Limited to Database) • Avoid Cache Missing Client Database Cache Layer Client Client
- 23. Cache (Not Limited to Database) • Hierarchical Cache Design Database Local Memory Local Memory Local Memory Cache Layer Cache Revoke
- 24. Cache (Not Limited to Database) • High Available Cache System https://rancher.com/blog/2019/deploying-redis-cluster/
- 25. Cache (Not Limited to Database) • Warm Up the Cache Request Request Request Request Cache Layer Database Time Consuming Query(Warm Up)
- 26. Async Event (Delayed Processing) Producer Kafka Rabbit MQ Queue Driver Consumer Producer Producer Producer Consumer Consumer Consumer (Laravel Event) (Laravel Queue Worker)
- 27. Database Read/Write Separation 20% on Write 80% on Read Master Slave Slave Slave Read Replicas
- 29. Database Read/Write Separation App Master Slave Slave Slave Read Replicas Write Read
- 32. Database Read/Write Separation Master Slave Slave Slave Read Replicas SQL Proxy Slave Write Read Read Read Read
- 34. OPCache PHP Files Tokenizing Semantic Parsing AST Generate Bytecode Execute Bytecode Output • Lifecycle in PHP with OPCache Load Bytecode From Memory Check Bytecode Cache
- 35. Benchmark Comparison • Benchmark with OPCache
- 36. Benchmark Comparison • Benchmark without OPCache
- 37. Preloading in PHP 7.4
- 38. Preloading in PHP 7.4 PHP Files Tokenizing Semantic Parsing AST Generate Bytecode Execute Bytecode Output Load Bytecode From Memory Check Bytecode Cache Preload in Memory • Lifecycle in PHP with Preloading
- 39. Preloading in PHP 7.4 composer require ayesh/composer-preload
- 40. Benchmark Comparison • Benchmark with Preloading Benchmark Preloaded files Server startup time Opcache memory used Per request memory used QPS No preloading 0 0.06 s 16 MB after warmup 1,825 KB 596 rq/s Preload hot classes 878 0.26 s 21 MB 869 KB 695 rq/s Preload everything 14541 1.56 s 105 MB 881 KB 675 rq/s https://github.com/composer/composer/issues/7777
- 42. Banana News • PV is around 200w • Large amount of content resource • Fuzzy search support • Changeable news rank by topics • 99% read, 1% write
- 45. Banana News Images Server (CDN) Load Balancer Master Slave Slave Slave Read Server Server Server
- 46. Banana News Images Server (CDN) Load Balancer Master Slave Slave Slave Read Redis Cache Server Server Server
- 47. Banana News Images Server Load Balancer Master Slave Slave Slave Read Redis Cache CDN Elastic Search Server Server Server eg. Cloudflare
- 48. AATIX • High concurrency in short period • Limited tickets for selling • High available service
- 49. AATIX Images Server Load Balancer Master Slave Slave Slave Read Redis Cache CDN Server Server Server
- 53. AATIX Master Slave Slave Slave Read Redis Cache Server Server Server Queue Local Cache Atomic Counter Rate Limit Circuit Breaking
- 54. AATIX • Avoid large amount of write requests at the same time • Queue • Rate Limit • Reduce repeated requests from clients • Service isolation for hotspot data • Circuit breaking for high availability
- 55. • Large amount of webhook calls • High availability for webhooks • Instant response time • Chat service for live streaming
- 56. HandsUp
- 57. HandsUp Facebook Webhooks Message Load Balancer Server Server Server Queue PubNub Service Analysis Service Swoole Service PubSub Many to Many Queue Workers
- 58. The Last But Not the Least
- 59. Q&A