The radio industry consists of commercial radio, funded by advertising; public service broadcasting like the BBC, funded by licenses; and non-profit radio. Commercial radio stations employ 43% of the industry and make money through advertising. The BBC employs over 11,000 people across its national and local stations. Radio is accessible through various platforms like mobile apps, websites and podcasts. The industry is regulated by organizations like OFCOM and employs people in a variety of roles like producers, presenters and reporters. Degrees are not always required for jobs in radio. In the future, the industry will need a multi-skilled workforce with both breadth and depth of knowledge and specialization.

1. Radio Industries by Christy Guy

2. Introduction Radio industry as a whole – different sectors of the industry Commercial radio Public Service Broadcasting Non-for-profit radio Also… Other areas in the industry

3. Commercial Radio Commercial stations’ income is funded by advertising companies, who buy airtime from different stations. The main players in the commercial sector, based on Rajar figures are Heart, Galaxy and Magic. This industry employs 43% of employees in the radio industry.

4. Listening figures – Commercial Radio Galaxy Owned by: Global radio Reach: 4,497,000 listeners Actual: 24% (1,072,00) Listening time: 7.3 hours a week Real Radio Owned by: GMG Radio Reach: 2,843,000 listeners Actual: 298,000 Listening time: 8.0 hours a week Radio Aire Owned by: Bauer Radio Reach: 999,000 listeners Actual: 16% Listening time: 8.4 hours a week

5. Public Service Broadcasting Public Service Broadcasting is publicly funded. All BBC stations are funded by the license fee for television. Out of all listening figures, the BBC has a share of over half the total listening hours. The BBC employs nearly 11,000 employees working on the national and local services.

6. BBC Stations

7. More BBC Stations

8. New Technologies Both the BBC and commercial stations are using new technology to broadcast to their listeners. This can be done via the internet: Podcasts/ listen live/ previous shows The BBC also offers a reduced version of the website for BBC radio which can be accessed via some mobiles. Radio has become even more accessible it can be accessed via e.g. iphone app – connect to 60,000 stations BBC iplayer Show’s podcast on Galaxy’s website

9. Non-for-profit Radio Communal and voluntary radio stations. Stations which are funded to run but receive no money at the outcome. Involves communal participation. Examples: Local radio in Pudsey Grangefield School Communal station in Farsley

10. Job Roles Different roles: Radio producer: creates content for programmes and control the entire process of production for live programmes and programmes that have been recorded. Radio presenter: create scripts, research, be able to interview. Reporter: research stories and broadcast them on the radio to audiences. Gather research – witness and report events/ collect interviews. During the school’s live broadcast last year I undertook these roles: Presenter regular basis during broadcast Script Writer features of the show

11. Professional Bodies In the radio industry there are many different professional organisations which are designed to for example, regulate programme content etc.

12. Professional body: The NAB (National Association of Broadcasters) are an organisation that help stations via providing them with different opportunities to benefit their station including ‘NAB Professional Development’, designed to educate and develop employee roles, which will eventually benefit the station.

13. Professional body: CRCA (Commercial Radio Companies Association) acts as the information centre for commercial radio. The organisation deals with enquires from a range of people including the media and advertising companies.

14. Professional Body: CMA (Community Media Association) represents the communal media industry and aims to enable access to media for the public and communal groups.

15. Professional body: ASA’s (Advertising Standards Authority) role is to regulate all areas of media, ensuring that all advertisements comply with the Advertising codes. The ASA also deals with complaints via assessing adverts against the codes. Example code: Children ‘Children must be protected from advertisements that could cause physical, mental or moral harm’.

16. Professional body: OFCOM regulates communications including TV and radio, airwaves which wireless products run, mobiles and telecoms (fixed-line). Uses Broadcasting codes to regulate content. Protects communications from e.g. scams. Example: Crime ‘To ensure that material likely to incite the commission of crime or lead to disorder is not included in television or radio services’.

17. Professional body: Both companies formed as an alliance in 1997. Company that collects and pays members royalties (payment for their music) when their music is exploited to the public, recorded or distributed to the public, broadcast or made available for the public to access online.

18. Employment in the radio sector Breakdown of roles in the radio industry Majority of employees

19. Employment in the radio sector – Freelance workers Freelance workers To work freelance means employees work with contracts that are less than a year. Most freelance workers (37%) work in the Radio Broadcasting occupational group. Example freelance worker: Radio producer Majority of work - word of mouth

22. Future – Radio Industry roles In order to ‘create and exploit compelling content’, for the future the industry needs a workforce that embody breadth and depth Breadth Have ‘knowledge and awareness’ regarding the radio industry Require industry skills that will offer ‘a multi-skilled approach’ Depth ‘specialism and expertise in particular fields’ – enable employees to offer the best in their roles. Roles in the future: Multi-skilled talent employees Enable flexibility as well as adaptability. Technical and creative specialists Employees who would be able to ‘break new ground’ as well as ‘deliver great content’. A job such as a broadcast engineer will be important, of which an employee would embody ‘specialist skills’, which would be able help the industry through changes.