1. インターネット工学研究室: ゲーム研究
研究進捗
クリス
2013年10月07日

2. 順序
 “The Art of Videogames” (Tavinor 2009)
 Tavinor’s proposed Definition
 Collaboration with Prof. Fujita/GDC 2014
 Due: Oct 23 (Wed)
 Background:
 Magic Circle
 Embedded vs. Emergent Narrative
 Fujita’s Model: “Phenomenon of Narrative”
 GDC Contribution
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3. Art of Video Games (1)
 Defining “videogames”
 Current definitions fail to consider all
anomalous cases (so-called “Platypus Effect”)
 Therefore, Tavinor proposes a disjunctive
definition (OR)
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4. Art of Video Games (2)
 Disjunctive Definition
“X is art if and only if it has
property A or property B
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5. Art of Video Games (3)
 Tavinor’s Disjunctive Definition of
videogames:
 "X is a videogame if it is an artifact in a visual
digital medium, is intended as an object of
entertainment, and is intended to provide such
entertainment through the employment of one or
both of the following modes of engagement: rule
and objective gameplay or interactive fiction.”
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6. Art of Video Games (4)
Tavinor’s Disjunctive Definition of videogames:
Artifact in VDM
AND
For
Entertainment
AND
Rule/Objective
Gameplay
OR
VIDEOGAME
Interactive
Fiction
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7. Art of Video Games (5)
 Tavinor’s Disjunctive Definition of
videogames:
PROS
CONS
Reconciles the
Ludological/
Narratological
contentions
Newness of the proposal
means acceptance of
theory is not yet
traceable
Accounts for most
anomalies in gaming
media
Definition can be seen
as too inclusive
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8. Collab. w/ Prof. Fujita (1)
 Background: “The Magic Circle”
Huizinga (1955); Zimmerman & Salen (2004)
• Border between the virtual game world and the real
world
• In modern games, the Magic Circle is very porous.
• Understanding the relationship between the realms on
either side of the Magic Circle is central to many
aspects of Game Studies/Design
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9. Collab. w/ Prof. Fujita (2)
 Embedded vs. Emergent Narrative
Emergent
Narrative
Magic Circle
Embedded
Narrative
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10. Collab. w/ Prof. Fujita (3)
 Phenomenon of Narrative
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11. Collab. w/ Prof. Fujita (4)
 Phenomenon of Narrative
Don’t go there,
there are
monsters!
OK, Dad,
I won’t.
I’m
TOTALLY
going to
that cave!
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12. Collab. w/ Prof. Fujita (5)
 Phenomenon of Narrative
 The kid goes to the dangerous place
 Has an adventure, lives to tell the story
 TELLS THEIR FRIENDS AT SCHOOL THE
NEXT DAY!
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13. Collab. w/ Prof. Fujita (6)
 Phenomenon of Narrative
VIDEO GAME
Embedded
Narrative
Player
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14. Collab. w/ Prof. Fujita (7)
 Phenomenon of Narrative
EMERGENT NARRATIVE
• SNS
• ニコニコ動画
• Youtube
• Fan Conventions
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15. Collab. w/ Prof. Fujita (8)
 GDC Plan/Contribution
 After this “Phenomenon of Narrative” is
introduced, Prof. Fujita will explain his
prototype game using UX + pop-up
photography (his research focus)
 Chris’ portion of the proposal will focus on the
main differences in Narrative implementation
between Japanese and Western Games
 Frame Narrative
 4th Wall
 Endo’s “Narrative vs. Story” typed games
(CEDEC)
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16. 今後の課題
 GDC 2014 Proposal
 Oct 23rd (Wed)
 Contributions (Recommendations for Industry)
 PAX East 2014 (Boston)
 http://east.paxsite.com/
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