1. Español 3 Grammar Notebook Carlos Carpentier

2. Table of Contents El preterito Preterite Trigger Words Car, Gar, Zars Spock Verbs Snake and Snakey Verbs Cucaracha Verbs Imperfecto Imperfect Triggers Imperfect Irregulars Preterite v. Imperfect Verbs like Gustar Comparatives and Superlatives Comparatives and Superlatives Irregulars Ser v Estar Transition Words El Futuro Future Triggers Future Irregulars Por v Para Saber v. Conocer

3. Preterito To conjugate –ar verbs, drop “ar” ending and add… é aste ó amos aron To conjugate –er and –ir verbs, drop ending and add… í iste ió imos ieron

4. Trigger Words Anoche Ayer El añopasada Semanapasada Mespasada

5. Irregular Preterito

6. “Spock” Irregular Verbs Ir/Ser -fui -fuiste -fue -fuimos -fueron Dar -di -diste -dio -dimos -dieron Hacer -hice -hiciste -hizo -hicimos -hicieron Ver -vi -viste -vio -vimos -vieron

7. Snake Verbs and Snakey Verbs EI Pedir Preferir Competir Repetir Servir Sentir Venir OU Dormir Morir Pedípedimos Pediste Pidiopidieron

8. Snakey Verbs I changes to y in 3rd person Leer Creer Oir

9. Cucaracha Verbs Andar Estar Poder Poner Querer Saber Tener Venir Conducir Producir Traducir Decir traer

10. El Imperfecto Indicates a continuous action Imperfected Time The very distant past. ar verbs aba abas aba abamos abais aban er/ir verbs ía ías ía íamos íais ían

11. Imperfect Triggers

12. Imperfect Irregular

13. Preterite v. Imperfect The imperfect is used for actions in the past that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. Thepreteriteisusedforactions in thepastthat are seen as completed. Use of thepreterite tense impliesthatthepastactionhad a definitebeginning and definiteend.

14. Verbos Like Gustar aburrir to bore fascinarto be fascinating to bastarto be sufficient importarto be important to caerbien (mal) to (not) suit interesarto be interesting to darasco to be loathsome molestarto be a bother disgustarto hate something parecer to appear to be doler(o:ue) to be painful picarto itch encantarto "love" something quedarto be left over, remain faltarto be lacking something volver(o:ue) loco to be crazy about

15. Comparatives v. Superlatives Compartives Superiority más... (que) more... than or ____er than Inferioritymenos... (que) less/fewer... than Equalitytan... como as... as tanto... como as much/many as Superlatives definitearticle + noun + más (menos) + adjective + de Juan es el chico más inteligente de la clase.

16. Irregulars Comp v. Sup

17. Ser vs. Estar Ser Estar

18. Ser vs. Estar Ser is permanent Description (physical) Origin Characteristics Time Occupation Relationship Possession Events Dates Estar is temporary Health Emotion Location Present Condition I N -ar=ando G -er/-ir=iendo

19. Transition Words

20. Future Tense I will eat comeré

21. Trigger Words El proximo Dia, semana, hora, año En dos, tres, … Dias, semanas, horas, años

22. Irregulars Caber cabr Decir dir Haberhabr Hacerhar Hayhabrá Poderpodr Ponerpondr Quererquerr Sabersabr Salirsaldr Tenertendr Valervaldr Venirvendre

23. Por v. Para Rule: to express gratitude or apologyModel: Gracias por la ayuda.(Thanks for the help.) Rule: meaning "through," "along," "by" or "in the area of"Model: Andamospor el parque.(We walk through the park.) Rule: when talking about exchange, including salesModel: Él me diodiezdólarespor el libro.(He gave me ten dollars for the book.) Rule: to mean "on behalf of," or "in favor of,"Model: No votépornadie.(I didn't vote for anyone.) Rule: to express a length of timeModel: Yoestudiépor dos horas.(I studied for two hours.) Rule: to express an undetermined, or general time, meaning "during"Model: Se puedeverlasestrellaspor la noche.(One can see the stars during the night.) Rule: to indicate destinationModel: El hombre saliópara Madrid.(The man left for Madrid.) Rule: to show the use or purpose of a thingModel: El vasoesparaagua.(The glass is for water.) Rule: to mean "in order to" or "for the purpose of"Model: Para haceruna paella, primerodorelascarnes.To make a paella, first sauté the meats. Rule: to indicate a recipientModel: Este regaloesparati.(This gift is for you.) Rule: to express a deadline or specific timeModel: Necesito el vestidopara el lunes.(I need the dress by Monday.) Rule: to express a contrast from what is expectedModel: Para un niño lee muybien.(For a child, he reads very well.) Rule: "estarpara" to express an action that will soon be completedModel: El trenestáparasalir.

24. Saber vs. Conocer To express knowledge or ignorance of a fact or information about something, use "saber.“ Juan sabedondeestáMaría.Juan knows where Maria is. Yo no sétunúmero de teléfono.I don't know your telephone number. To say that one is or is not acquainted with a person, a place, or an object, use conocer. Yo no conozco a María.I don't know (am not acquainted with) Maria. Alberto y Alfredo conocen Madrid.Alberto and Alfredo know (are acquainted with) Madrid.