1. C

2. Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the basic structural and functional
unit of life
• All cells come from preexisting cells

3. Cell?

14. Cell composition
• Protoplasm
– The term "protoplasm," from proto, first, and
plasma, formed substance, was coined by the
botanist Hugo von Mohl, in 1846, for the "tough,
slimy, granular, semi-fluid“
– It was used 1839 by Czech physiologist Johannes
Evangelista Purkinje (1787-1869) to denote the
gelatinous fluid found in living cell.
– Compose of inorganic and organic compounds like
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

15. Cell Membrane
• Plasma membrane / plasmolemma
• Bi-lipid layer
• Semi permeable
• Serves as boundary between the outside
environment and the inside environment
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement
in and out of the cell

16. Cell Membrane
• Fluid mosaic model
– -S.J. Singer and Garth
Nicolson in 1972
• - fluid because of
I its hydrophobic components
• such as lipids and
membrane proteins that
move laterally or sideways throughout the membrane. That means the membrane is
not solid, but more like a 'fluid'.
-mosaic that is made up of many different parts the plasma membrane is composed
of different kinds of macromolecules

17. Cell Wall
• Most
commonly
found in
plant cells
& bacteria
• Supports
& protects
cells
• Made of
cellulose

18. Inside the Cell - cytoplasm

19. Nucleus
• Control center of the cell
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane/nuclear
envelope
• Contains genetic material – DNA arranged in thread like
structure called chromatin
• Also contain RNA and proteins
• Nucleolus – distinct part in the nucleus where ribosome
synthesis takes place

21. Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow material
to enter and leave
nucleus

22. Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions for
traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Nucleoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by nuclear membrane
• Contains hereditary material

25. Mitochondria
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions – breaking
down fats & carbohydrates
• Double membrane
• Cristae – inner folds
• Matrix – fluid part

26. Plastids
-double membrane organelle found
mainly in plants
• Chloroplast
– Site for
photosysnthesis
– Contain green
pigment called
chlorophyll

27. Plastids
• Chromoplast
– Gives the yellow,
orange, red color to
fruits and flowers

28. Plastids
• Leucoplast
– Non pigmented
– Located in roots
– Storage for
carbohydrates, protei
ns and lipids

29. Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Made up of RNA and
protein
• Protein systhesis
• Attached or free

30. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials
around in cell
• Serves as canal for
substances
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type :
ribosomes embedded
in surface

31. Smooth endoplasmic Reticulum
• Branching canal
• No ribosomes
• Transport for large
molecules
• Stores calcium ions
in muscle cells

32. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Contains attached
ribosomes
• Transport ribosomes

33. Golgi Bodies
• packaging organelle
• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell

34. Lysosome
• Digestive ‘organelle' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell membrane
for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes

35. Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound sacs
for storage, digestion,
and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

36. Cytoskeleton

37. Cytoskeleton
Thin and fibrous
Bones and muscles of cells
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Centrioles and spindle fiber
Amoeboid movement of amoeba, cilia by
paramecium and flagellum by euglena are
made possible.

38. Cytoskeleton