This brief out the principles,purposes,value involved in EVB-Evidence Based Practice and helps health, scoial care practisioner to know more about the EVB-Evidence Based Practicein health and scocial care international base.

2. THE ROLE OFTHE ROLE OF
RESEARCH FORRESEARCH FOR
EVIDENCE-BASEDEVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE INPRACTICE IN
HEALTH ANDHEALTH AND
SOCIAL CARESOCIAL CARE PRESENTER,PRESENTER,
MRS.P.CHRI STENAMRS.P.CHRI STENA
M.SC-NURSI NG (OBG)M.SC-NURSI NG (OBG)

3. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP)
 Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves
 complex and conscientious decision-making which is based not only on the
available evidence but also on patient characteristics, situations, and
preferences.
 It recognizes that care is individualized and ever changing and involves
uncertainties and probabilities.

4. THE GOAL OF EBP
 The goal of EBP is the integration of:
 (a) clinical expertise/expert opinion,
 (b) external scientific evidence, and
 (c) client/patient/caregiver values to
provide high-quality services reflecting the
interests, values, needs, and choices of the
individuals we serve.

5. STEPS IN THE EBP PROCESS
 The EBP process has seven critical steps:
1. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry.
2. Ask a burning clinical question.
3. Collect the most relevant and best evidence.
4. Critically appraise the evidence.
5. Integrate evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values
in making a practice decision or change.
6. Evaluate the practice decision or change.
7. Disseminate EBP results.

6. RESEARCH
 The purpose of conducting research is to generate new knowledge or to validate
existing knowledge based on a theory.
 Research studies involve systematic, scientific inquiry to answer specific research
questions or test hypotheses using disciplined, rigorous methods.
 While research is about investigation, exploration, and discovery, it also requires an
understanding of the philosophy of science.
 For research results to be considered reliable and valid, researchers must use the
scientific method in orderly, sequential steps.

7. COMPARISON OF EBP
 Unlike research, EBP isn’t about developing new knowledge or validating
existing knowledge.
 It’s about translating the evidence and applying it to clinical decision-
making.
 The purpose of EBP is to use the best evidence available to make patient-
care decisions. Most of the best evidence stems from research.
 But EBP goes beyond research use and includes clinical expertise as well as
patient preferences and values.

8. WHEREAS RESEARCH IS ABOUT DEVELOPINGWHEREAS RESEARCH IS ABOUT DEVELOPING
NEW KNOWLEDGE, EBP INVOLVESNEW KNOWLEDGE, EBP INVOLVES
INNOVATION IN TERMS OF FINDING ANDINNOVATION IN TERMS OF FINDING AND
TRANSLATING THE BEST EVIDENCE INTOTRANSLATING THE BEST EVIDENCE INTO
CLINICAL PRACTICE.CLINICAL PRACTICE.

9. THE PRINCIPLE, PURPOSES AND VALUE FOR
CONDUCTING RESEARCH IN HEALTH AND
SOCIAL CARE PRACTICE

10. INTRODUCTION
 Research is a core function of health and social care.
 It is essential for our health and well-being and for the care we receive.
 Research should improve the evidence base, reduce uncertainties and lead to improvements in
care.
 Evidence suggests the quality of current care may be higher in organizations that take part in
research, adopt a learning culture and implement research findings.
 Research develops the skills of staff in our universities, businesses and health and social care.
 It also involves patients, service users and the public in the pursuit of knowledge that may benefit
them and others, not only by their participation in research but also by their involvement in setting
research priorities, in the design, management, conduct and dissemination of research, in public
engagement about research, as members of research approval bodies such as research ethics
committees or in funding research through taxes and charitable donations.

11. PURPOSE
 The UK policy framework for health and social care research sets out principles of good
practice in the management and conduct of health and social care research that take
account of legal requirements and other standards.
 These principles protect and promote the interests of patients,
 service users and the public in health and social care research,
 by describing ethical conduct and proportionate ,
 assurance-based management of health and social care research,
 so as to support and facilitate high-quality research in the UK that has the confidence of patients,
service users and the public.
 This policy framework sets out principles and responsibilities at a high level that take account of
relevant legislation in the UK.
 It will be supported by operational arrangements and guidance provided by the HRA and the
Devolved Administrations, working in collaboration to ensure a consistent approach to
coordinating and standardizing regulatory practice

12. Principles that apply to all health
and social care research
 Principle 1: Safety
 Principle 2: Competence
 Principle 3: Scientific and Ethical
Conduct
 Principle 4: Patient, Service User and
Public Involvement
 Principle 5: Integrity, Quality and
Transparency
 Principle 6: Protocol
 Principle 7: Legality
 Principle 8: Benefits and Risks
 Principle 9: Approval
 Principle 10: Information about the
Research
 Principle 11: Accessible Findings
 Principle 12: Choice
 Principle 13: Insurance and
Indemnity
 Principle 14: Respect for Privacy
 Principle 15: Compliance

13. Principles that apply to interventional
health and social care research
 Principle 16: Justified Intervention
 Principle 17: Ongoing Provision of Treatment
 Principle 18: Integrity of the Care Record
 Principle 19: Duty of Care

14. ETHICS AND VALUES
 Ethics and values are a fundamental part of the way people work in social care, so much so that in
social work they are one of the nine capabilities within the Professional Capabilities Framework (PCF).
 However, they are not necessarily fundamental to all types of research. McLaughlin (2012) gives
three examples of medical research where practice was far from ethical:
 In New Zealand, women who had pre-cancerous symptoms were divided into two groups without their
knowledge, and only one of the groups was treated for their symptoms.
 An anti-viral HIV drug was tested against a placebo by American companies in African, Caribbean and Asian
countries. Testing in this way was unlikely to pass ethical standards in the USA.
 In the UK, doctors at Alder Hey Hospital kept organs for medical research purposes from babies who had died,
without asking their parents' permission to do so. The parents thought they had buried their children with their
organs intact. The BBC described this practice as 'harvesting organs' and called it an 'organ scandal' (BBC
2001)

15. The ESRC (Economic and Social Research
Council) 'six key principles' of ethical
social research (ESRC 2010: 3)
1.Research should be designed, reviewed and undertaken to ensure integrity, quality and transparency.
2.Research staff and participants must normally be informed fully about the purpose, methods and
intended possible uses of the research, what their participation in the research entails and what risks, if
any, are involved.
3.The confidentiality of information supplied by research participants and the anonymity of respondents
must be respected.
4.Research participants must take part voluntarily, free from any coercion.
5.Harm to research participants must be avoided in all instances.
6.The independence of research must be clear, and any conflicts of interest or partiality must be explicit.

16. How research develops,
improves or identifies gaps in
practice and/or provision

17. What is a research practice gap?
 The problem of implementing valid research results in
nursing practice is well known. Despite an accumulating body of
knowledge about the effectiveness of some nursing interventions,
a gap often exists between what is known and what is practiced.

18. What are gaps in research?
 The gap, also considered the missing piece or pieces in
the research literature, is the area that has not yet been explored or
is under-explored. This could be a population or sample (size, type,
location, etc.), research method, data collection and/or analysis,
or other research variables or conditions.

19. What is the meaning of gap in research?
 A research gap is defined as a topic or area for which missing or
insufficient information limits the ability to reach a conclusion for a
question. A research need is defined as a gap that limits the ability
of decision-makers (policy-makers, patients, practitioners) from
making decisions.

20. What is theoretical gap in research?
 By Theoretical gap one is pointing at an area for which theory fall
short, which means also that no publish theory has addressed the
concerned area. in contrast, literature gap covers theoretical
gap in addition to empirical gap, in the later atheory may exist, but
still literature didn't address testing the theory.

21. What is a gap in knowledge?
 Research gap refers to a knowledge gap that yet to be
researched. Knowledge gap, on the other hand, is a wider
conception about something that we have not explore, by
scientific/academic research or by other means.

22. Why is evidence based practice important in
public health?
 Each type of evaluation is appropriate at different stages of the
program to ensure proper implementation. Evaluation is
an important part of evidence-based public health practice. It
provides an opportunity for improving current and future programs
and policies.

23. How do you identify a research gap?
Steps for identifying research gaps in the literature
Step 1: Focus Your Research Area.
Step 2: Read, Read, and then Read Some More.
Read (a lot of) research articles: this is going to be time-demanding,
but you really do need to read through a lot of research articles in
your research area to become an expert in it.

24. VALUE OF RESEARCH IN
DEVELOPING COST-EFFECTIVE
INTERVENTIONS AND
PROMOTING HEALTH AND
WELLBEING OF INDIVIDUALS

25. introduction
 The WHO strategy on research for health represents international
recognition that global improvements in health are dependent on
quality research that is approached from a global perspective. The
strategy shows not only how WHO’s involvement in health research
will be strengthened but also how global research standards are to
be improved and national capacity for research strengthened. It
acknowledges that health policies and practices globally should be
informed by the best research evidence.

26. The strategy has five interrelated goals:
 Organization (strengthening of the research culture in WHO so that
the Organization can lead by example);
 Priorities (focusing research globally on priority health needs);
 Capacity (helping to strengthen national systems for health
research);
 Standards (promoting good practice in research, with WHO setting
norms and standards);
 Translation (strengthening links between health research and health
policy and practice).

27. The WHO strategy on research for health is
grounded in three principles that will guide
achievement of the goals and the realization of the
vision:
 • Quality. WHO commits itself to high-quality research that is ethical,
expertly reviewed, efficient, effective, accessible to all, and carefully
monitored and evaluated.
 • Impact. WHO gives priority to research and innovation that has the
greatest potential to improve global health security, accelerate 12
Terry RF and van der Rijt T (2010). Health Research Policy and Systems;
8:25.
 • Inclusiveness. The Secretariat undertakes to work in partnership with
Member States and stakeholders, to take a multisectoral approach to
research for health, and to support and promote the p

28. What are health promotion activities?
 Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to
improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide
range of social and environmental interventions.

29. What are the three health promotion
strategies?
 It incorporates five key action areas in Health Promotion
 (build healthy public policy, create supportive environments for health,
strengthen community action for health, develop personal skills, and
re-orient health services) and
 three basic HP strategies
 (to enable, mediate, and advocate)

30. What is the importance of health promotion?
 Health promotion enhances the quality of life for all people. By
focusing on prevention, health promotion reduces the costs (both
financial and human) that individuals, employers, families,
insurance companies, medical facilities, communities, the state and
the nation would spend on medical treatment.

31. What is the aim of health promotion?
 The agency aims
 to promote the wellbeing of individuals and
 encourage healthy lifestyles,
 prevent disease, illness and injury,
 enable environments that support health and wellbeing, and
 to reduce personal, economic and social harm.

32. What are the components of health
promotion?
Components include:
 goal-setting.
 problem-solving.
 attribution training.
 depression and healthy communication.
 information-seeking.
 physical activity.
 nutrition and advocacy.
 health maintenance.

33. What is the nurses role in health promotion?
 Nurses play a dynamic and crucial role in healthcare. A nurse is
usually the first person a patient interacts with. Nurses are
responsible for assessing patients' needs and diagnosing illnesses. As
such, nurses are an integral part of the comprehensive standards of
care and health promotion

34. INDIVIDUALS AND
ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN
CONDUCTING RESEARCH INTO
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
PRACTICE

35.  The WHO strategy on research for health was unanimously approved by
all 193 Member States of WHO at the Sixty-third World Health Assembly in
2010.
 The strategy was the result of a number of resolutions and
recommendations from WHO’s governing bodies over the previous five
years, as well as an intensive two-year consultation period.
 In preparation for the strategy, a questionnaire survey of research
activities was completed by all WHO headquarters departments
associated with research plus two of the major WHO collaborating
centres.
 For this exercise, the term “research” was taken to cover both primary
and secondary research – including fieldwork, laboratory studies, clinical
trials, synthesizing of existing data to develop guidelines and standards,
meta-analyses and commissioned reviews.
 The findings showed that research in WHO focuses predominantly on
secondary and commissioned research with an emphasis on health
systems, policy and advocacy.

36. THE WAYS THAT RESEARCH CAN
INFORM OTHER SERVICES TO
FOSTER AN INTEGRATED
PROFESSIONAL WORKFORCE

37. What is workforce integration?
 Skills for Care is focusing on the workforce development
opportunities that can support and facilitate integration of health
and social care services. Registered managers and their teams play
an important role in supporting people when they transition in and
out of hospital.

38. The Six Steps Methodology offers:
 a systematic practical approach that supports the delivery of quality patient
care, productivity and efficiency
 assurance that workforce planning decisions taken are sustainable and
realistic
 a scalable approach, from small ward-based plans to large organisations
 a joined-up approach with social care, where the same approach has been
adopted.

39. THE TYPES AND AREAS OF
RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN IN
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE

40. Types of research
 Application of research
 Pure or basic research
 Applied research
 Objectives in undertaking the research
 Descriptive research
 Correlational research
 Explanatory research
 Exploratory research
 Inquiry mode
 Structured research
 Unstructured research

41. Areas of research in nursing

42. UNDERSTANDING THE
RECURSIVE AND EVOLVING
NATURE OF THE RESEARCH
PROCESS

43. What is the recursive process?
 Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps:
prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive
process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the
prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas.

44. What are the 3 stages of writing?
 In broad terms, the writing process has three main parts:
 pre-writing,
 composing, and
 post-writing.
 These three parts can be further divided into 5 steps:
(1) Planning;
(2) Gathering/Organizing;
(3) Composing/Drafting;
(4) Revising/editing; and
(5) Proof reading.

45. UNDERSTANDING THE STEPS
TAKEN WHEN CARRYING OUT
PERSONAL RESEARCH

46. Basic Steps in the Research Process
 Step 1: Identify and develop your topic. Selecting a topic can be the most
challenging part of a research assignment. ...
 Step 2 : Do a preliminary search for information. ...
 Step 3: Locate materials. ...
 Step 4: Evaluate your sources. ...
 Step 5: Make notes. ...
 Step 6: Write your paper. ...
 Step 7: Cite your sources properly. ...
 Step 8: Proofread

47. The five steps involved in process of personnel
research
 The five steps involved in process of personnel research
are as follows:
 1. Statement of Purpose
 2. Statement of Problem
 3. Statement of Method
 4. Statement of Results
 5. Statement of Analysis and Implications.

48. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
ETHICS - BENEFICENCE, NON-
MALEFICENCE, AUTONOMY
AND JUSTICE

49. What is autonomy beneficence non
maleficence and justice?
 Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that apply values to
the practice of clinical medicine and in scientific research.
 These values include the respect for
 autonomy,
 non-maleficence,
 beneficence, and
 justice

50. What are the 7 principles of healthcare ethics?
 There are seven principles that form the content
grounds of our teaching framework:
Non-maleficence. ...
Beneficence. ...
Health maximization. ...
Efficiency. ...
Respect for autonomy. ...
Justice. ...
Proportionality.

51. REFERENCES
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_practicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_practice
 This PhotoThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed underby Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SACC BY-NC-SA
 https://www.americannursetoday.com/differentiating-research-evidence-based-https://www.americannursetoday.com/differentiating-research-evidence-based-
practice-and-quality-improvement/practice-and-quality-improvement/
 https://www.medschl.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/uk-policy-framework-health-social-carhttps://www.medschl.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/uk-policy-framework-health-social-car
 This PhotoThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed underby Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NCCC BY-NC
 https://www.scie.org.uk/publications/researchmindedness/researchsocialworksocialchttps://www.scie.org.uk/publications/researchmindedness/researchsocialworksocialc
are/ethicsandvalues/are/ethicsandvalues/