Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Brdd composite
1. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
.... Information and Communication for
Development (ICD)
Stephen Rudgard, Michal Demes
WAICENT Capacity Building and Outreach
Improvement of Information Exchange between
Education institutions in the SEE Region
Godollo, Hungary, 1- 3 June 2005
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
3. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
What is the problem?
• Hunger & poverty concentrated in rural areas in LIFDCs
• Poor capacity to access information in rural areas
• Information/knowledge gap for rural stakeholders
How many people?
75% of 1.3 billion people
living on less than $1/day
live in rural areas
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
4. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
What is the development context?
•
Millennium Development Goals
World Food Summit
FAO Strategic Framework
WAICENT – World Agricultural Information Centre
World Summit on Information Society
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
5. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Definition – Digital Divide
Inequitable access to
Information and Communication Technologies
(ICT) between
wealthy and poor –
countries and social groups
The divide has a Urban-Rural dimension.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
6. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Disaggregated data on ICT access
Urban
Rural
Population
(%)
Fixed Lines
(%)
Population
(%)
Fixed
Lines (%)
Asia
37
67
63
33
Europe
64
88
36
12
Americas
75
82
25
18
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
7. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Information & Communication for
Development (ICD) –
an Integrated Approach
The agents of change are the new ICTs but all components must be addressed:
– Connectivity
– Content
– Capacity - institutional and human
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
8. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
ICD – the main elements
• Information Content – in digital format
• Innovative Mechanisms and Processes – for
information digitization and exchange, and for
communication
• Networks - amongst key stakeholders
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
9. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Key Constraint
Connectivity
• Telecoms growth disguises trends
– Urban vs. rural: Weaker infrastructure,
Lower reliability and quality, Higher costs
– Major growth is in mobile telephony
– Internet access still difficult/expensive
• New technology options
• Doubtful commercial viability
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
10. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Other Key Constraints
• Institutional Capacities – lack of
resources and appropriate
organizational structures
• Human Capacities – lack of
awareness and skills
• Partnerships – poor outreach to key
service providers and audiences
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
11. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Institutional Capacities
• Core competencies in Agriculture
• Imperative
− to acquire information
− to communicate/disseminate outputs
• Opportunities in the New Technologies
Many Organizations are not addressing
the challenge adequately.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
12. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Institutional Capacities
Investing in Information
•
•
•
•
New Institutional Structures
New Skills and/or New People
New Content – Digital
New Technologies
Minimise impact of change –
• learn lessons from others
• use existing technologies
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
13. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Who are the national stakeholders?
Rural communities and
their representatives
Public and private sector
service organizations
Government policy-makers
and their advisers
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
14. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
FAO’s Activities in ICD
Three components:
• Evidence for validated models
• Institutional learning platform
• Advocacy
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
15. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
COMPONENT
Conceptual Models & Evidence
Case studies of existing experiences
Development of conceptual models
Pilots to test and validate models
Studies to capture evidence of good practice
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
16. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
COMPONENT
International Community of Practice
Define and develop common
themes/concepts
Share documented experiences and
evidence
Develop and disseminate :
tools and methodologies
training materials
Advocacy
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
17. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Conceptual Models
Priority Areas
• Document management
and e-publishing
• Rural information and
communication systems
• Decision support tools
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
18. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Conceptual Models
Document Management
Manage/ Disseminate Local
Information
www.fao.org/agris
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Access Global
Information
www.aginternetwork.org
19. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
New AGRIS Vision
(2002)
•
•
•
•
•
decentralized approach
greater diversity of participating organizations
strengthened role in capacity building
focus on full text documents
greater availability of associated information
about activities/organizations/people
• set of web-enabled standards (AGMES),
methodologies (AGRIS Application Profiles,
AGROVOC), and tools (WebAGRIS)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
20. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
• Launched in October 2003
• FAO in partnership with more than 20
commercial publishers, WHO, Cornell
University, and several other organizations
• Free online access to over 500 journals in
agriculture and related fields
• 69 countries eligible (39 from Africa)
• 50 countries & 250 organizations registered
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
21. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
BUT......
• Web access is costly for many countries
• Transition technologies e.g. web→email
• Other content offerings available:
– TEEAL (CD-ROM product)
– PERI (CD-ROM and Web-based)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
22. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Conceptual Models
Rural information and communication
systems
Models for Networking
Tools and Processes
VERCON (Virtual Extension,
Research and Communication
Network)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FarmNet - Farmers
Information Network
23. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
AgroWeb Network
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
24. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Conceptual Models
Decision-support Systems
• FAOSTAT2 and
CountrySTAT
• Food security information
system
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
25. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Evidence
• Case Studies
• Pilot implementations
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
26. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Human Capacities
Information Management Resource Kit
(IMARK)
Partnership-based e-learning initiative
• Modules – CD and Web-based curricula & resources
• On-line Community - a "virtual" community for experts
and learners
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
27. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Advocacy
• Improved BRDD Website
• WSIS Tunis Session – November 2005
• FAO Conference – November 2005
• Regional Conferences – 2006
• Expert Consultations
• Publications
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
28. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
Advocacy – Building Partnerships
National/Regional
• Ministries
• Universities
• Private Sector
• NGOs
• IICA
• etc….
International
• World Bank
• European Union
• V4 region
• Balkan region
• Bilateral donors
• etc…
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
29. Bridging the Rural Digital Divide
For more information
www.fao.org/gil/rdd
http://www.fao.org/regional/seur/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Hinweis der Redaktion
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CONCENTRATION OF HUNGER AND POVERTY IN RURAL AREAS.
ACCESS TO ICTs CLOSELY LINKED TO ECONOMIC STATUS -
HENCE POOR PEOPLE ALSO HAVE LESS ACCESS TO ICTs.
TAKING THE LEAD FROM THE Millenium Development Goals, FOR
THE REDUCTION OF HUNGER; AND
GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP - ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGIES
THE WFS PLAN OF ACTION STRESSES THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION
FAO’S STRATEGY E CONCERNS INFO/COMM –
WAICENT FRAMEWORK DEVELOPED TO FACILITATE INFO MANAGEMENT
RECOGNITION OF THE DIGITAL DIVIDE BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE UN ICT TASK FORCE
WSIS ALSO HIGHLIGHTING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE –
AND FAO’S EFFORTS TO FOCUS ATTENTION ON CONTENT AND THE RURAL DOMAIN .
THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF FAO HAS RECOGNIZED THE NEED FOR A MORE INTEGRATED APPROACH
There would be a significant development gain from bringing together the available expertise in bridging the rural digital divide into a more coherent programmatic approach, under the coordination of a major international agency with a mandate in this area such as FAO
The rationale for this Programme is that the rural digital divide is not only concerned with technology infrastructure and connectivity, but rather is a multi-faceted problem of ineffective knowledge exchange and management of information content, as well as the lack of human resources, institutional capacity, and gender sensitivity.
MOBILIZING CONTENT INTO DIGITAL FORM
HARNESSING THE TECHNOLOGIES WITH SOUND METHODS AND TOOLS
CONNECTING PEOPLE & ORGANIZATIONS
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The Stakeholders in Bridging the Rural Digital Divide can be divided into three broadly defined groups within member countries. These are as follows:
Rural communities and households - need to exchange and exploit information and knowledge more effectively using ICT to improve livelihoods and reduce vulnerability.
Rural service providers in the public and private sectors providing agricultural, financial, and communications services - need to enhance their use of digital information resources and knowledge systems as well as the new ICT themselves, which requires training and skills acquisition.
Policy-makers and their advisers – need an enabling information and communication policy environment, including better and more reliable poverty monitoring indicators provided in a relevant and timely manner, for accurate assessments and development of pro-poor government policy, such as Poverty Reduction and Food Security Strategies.
THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF FAO HAS RECOGNIZED THE NEED FOR A MORE INTEGRATED APPROACH
There would be a significant development gain from bringing together the available expertise in bridging the rural digital divide into a more coherent programmatic approach, under the coordination of a major international agency with a mandate in this area such as FAO
The rationale for this Programme is that the rural digital divide is not only concerned with technology infrastructure and connectivity, but rather is a multi-faceted problem of ineffective knowledge exchange and management of information content, as well as the lack of human resources, institutional capacity, and gender sensitivity.
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E.g. Rural radio programme developers to prepare guidelines for good programmes
Resource and training material needed for people to know how to do these things
THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF FAO HAS RECOGNIZED THE NEED FOR A MORE INTEGRATED APPROACH
There would be a significant development gain from bringing together the available expertise in bridging the rural digital divide into a more coherent programmatic approach, under the coordination of a major international agency with a mandate in this area such as FAO
The rationale for this Programme is that the rural digital divide is not only concerned with technology infrastructure and connectivity, but rather is a multi-faceted problem of ineffective knowledge exchange and management of information content, as well as the lack of human resources, institutional capacity, and gender sensitivity.
THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF FAO HAS RECOGNIZED THE NEED FOR A MORE INTEGRATED APPROACH
There would be a significant development gain from bringing together the available expertise in bridging the rural digital divide into a more coherent programmatic approach, under the coordination of a major international agency with a mandate in this area such as FAO
The rationale for this Programme is that the rural digital divide is not only concerned with technology infrastructure and connectivity, but rather is a multi-faceted problem of ineffective knowledge exchange and management of information content, as well as the lack of human resources, institutional capacity, and gender sensitivity.
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Information is vital in the fight against hunger!