The document discusses the long-term effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and other body systems. It notes that strength training increases muscle strength through hypertrophy, while endurance training increases mitochondria and fat utilization. Cardiovascular effects include increased stroke volume and elasticity of the heart as well as decreased blood pressure and peripheral resistance. Respiratory changes are decreased ventilatory equivalent and increased maximum ventilation. Other changes involve strengthened tendons, ligaments, bones and cartilage as well as improved flexibility and heat acclimatization. Regular exercise provides benefits like prolonged life, lowered disease risk factors and greater physical reserves.

1. Long Term Effects of Exercise Shuvam Roy 5 th semester Medical College

3. Musculo-skeletal system: Effect of optimal resistance training on increase in muscle strength

9. Effect of specific sports training on LV cavity dimension or wall thickness in elite athletes, representing 27 different sporting disciplines. Maron B J , Pelliccia A Circulation 2006;114:1633-1644 Copyright © American Heart Association

10. Effects of exercise on heart rate

13. Physiological Basis for Differences in VO 2max

16. Oxygen Deficit and Debt

17. Blood lactate as a function of training

19. Strength-Endurance Continuum High Strength High Power Hypertrophy Olympic lifting Power lifting Throwing   Rowing   Football 100m   Decathalon     Swimming   Marathon  Basketball  High Capillarity High VO 2max Aerobic Power High Mitochondria Bodybuilding Rugby 400m Mile Run Soccer 10K 10 sec 5 min > 2hrs Endurance Strength

20. Reversibility

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