This document lists and describes 10 index properties of soil: 1) soil color, 2) soil structure, 3) texture, 4) particle shape, 5) grain specific gravity, 6) water content, 7) in-situ unit weight, 8) density index, 9) particle size distribution determined by sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis, and 10) consistency limits. It then provides more details on soil color, describing how different compounds can cause soils to appear white, red, black, green, or gray and how moisture content affects color.

1. INDEX PROPERTIS OF SOIL

2. 1. Soil color
2. Soil structure
3. Texture
4. Particle shape
5. Grain specific gravity
6. Water content
7. In-situ unit weight
8. Density index
9. Particle size distribution
1. Sieve analysis
2. Hydrometer analysis - Sedimentation
10.Consistency limits

3. 1. Soil color
• White -> Red – coloring oxides of Fe , Mn
• Fe – red,brown, yellow
• Mn – Black
• Pyrite – Green / blue
• No compounds – Grey / White
• ↑the organic matter, ↑ the color
• Dark color -> Lighter color when oven drying
due to change in moisture content
• Clays are darker than sand/silt -> water
retention

4. 3. Soil texture

5. 4. Particle shape

6. Particle size distribution
Sieve analysis:

9. 1. Soil color
2. Soil structure
3. Texture
4. Particle shape
5. Grain specific gravity
6. Water content
7. In-situ unit weight
8. Density index
9. Particle size distribution
1. Sieve analysis
2. Hydrometer analysis - Sedimentation
10.Consistency limits