2. OUTLINE
1.
• Rural India and Rural Development?
2.
• Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017
3.
• Rural Development programme In
Twelfth five year plan
3.
4. Rural area
• Population less than 5000
• Population density less than 400 per sq. km
• More than 25% male working population in
agriculture pursuits
Ministry of rural
development
Dept. of rural
development
Dept. of land
Resource
National Institute of Rural
Development (NIRD)
5. Question yourselves!
• WHY RURAL AREAS LAG BEHIND CITIES BY DECADES?
• WHY RURAL AREAS LAG BEHIND CITIES IN GROWTH ?
• WHY LACK OF OPPORTUNITY IN RURAL AREA ?
• WHY RISING DISCONNECT BETWEEN CITIES AND VILLAGES ?
• WHY RURAL PEOPLE MIGRATE TO URBAN AREAS?
6. Rural development
“Rural development is a process of qualitative and
quantitative changes to improve conditions in rural
regions”
To generate
Employment Farm & storage Economical activities
To improve
Health Education Living condition
To build
Infrastructure Public Service Communication
7. Sustainable
Rural
Development
Creation of
Employment
- MGNREGA
- NRLM
Sustainable
Agriculture &
Rural Connectivity
-IWMP including
synergy with
MGNREGA
- MKSP
- PMGSY
Social Protection
Program
- NSAP
Housing, with
Basic amenities
through
convergence - IAY
- TSC - NRDWP
8. Average GDP Growth of 8
percent
Agriculture Growth
of 4 percent
Reducing head-count
poverty by 10
percentage point
Generating 50
million work
opportunities
Eliminating gender and
social gap in education
Reducing IMR to 25,
MMR to 100 and TFR
to 2.1
Enhance infrastructure
investment to 9% of
GDP
9. What's new in Rural development programme
Centrally sponsored rural development schemed to
be restructured and cut down
Independent Evaluation Office under the Planning
Commission to evaluate development programmes
and recommend reforms in programmes
Rajiv Gandhi Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan to
be formed by merging small schemes of the Ministry
of Panchayati Raj to empower local bodies
Rural Building Centres at the district level as a single
window solution for guidance on quality
construction, supply of alternative materials, skill
building of artisans and development and
dissemination of innovative and location-appropriate
technologies
Rural Development Flexi-fund (RDF) of Rs. 40,000
crores to be set up with the intent to devolve a
significant share of Central funds related to rural
development to the states
12th Five Year Plan (2012-
17)
The tentative Gross
Budgetary Support (GBS)
for the Ministry of Rural
Development for the
Twelfth Five Year Plan
(201217)
is Rs. 44,3261 crore
(against the Rs. 29,1682
crores of Eleventh Plan
period) which includes the
major
programs.
10. Major sectors 11th Plan
(in Rs crores)
12th Plan
(in Rs crores)
Increase over
11th Plan (in %)
Realisation % share Projection % share
Agriculture and
water resources
1,16,554 7.3 2,84,030 7.96 143.69
Rural
Development and
Panchayatiraj
3,97,524 25.01 6,73,034 18.86 69.31
Scientific
departments
58,690 3.69 1,42,167 3.98 142.23
Transport and
energy
2,04,076 12.84 4,48,736 12.57 119.89
Education 1,77,538 11.17 4,53,728 12.71 155.57
Health and child
development
1,12,646 7.09 4,08,521 11.45 262.66
Urban
Development
63,465 3.99 1,64,078 4.60 158.53
Others 4,58,849 28.87 9,94,333 27.86 116.70
Total Plan 15,89,342 100.00 35,68,626 100.00 124.53
11. Focus areas
1. Employment
creation
2. Planned
spending on
Agriculture
3. Housing for
Poor
4. Social security
and Pension
5. Rural road
connectivity:
6. Provision of
credit at
reasonable
rates
7. Public
distribution
system
12. MGNREGA, NFRLM,
IAY , NRDWP , TSP,
IWDP, PMGSY,
RGGVY
• seven major flagship programmes
Also India launched the
other programmes for
uplift of the poor
classes
• village self-sufficiency scheme,
• Member of Legislative Assembly Constituency Development
Scheme,
• Integrated Sanitary Complex for Women,
• Clean Village Campaign and Rural Sanitation,
• Capital programme of Infrastructure Development by rural local
Bodies,
• Construction of village Administrative Officers Office Buildings,
• Rejuvenation of water Bodies and Rain Water Harvesting in Rural
Areas etc.
13. 'National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act'2005 (NREGA)
• Act guarantees 100 days of employment
in a financial year to every household
social safety net for the vulnerable groups
and an opportunity to combine growth with
equity Structured towards harnessing the
rural work-force, employment for the area
for future growth employment and self-
sufficiency Operationalized from 2nd
February, 2006 in 200 selected districts,
extended to 130 more districts in 2007-08.
14. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(PMGSY)
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25th December 2000
as a fully funded Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide all weather road
connectivity in rural areas of the country. The programme envisages connecting all
habitations with a population of 500 persons and above in the plain areas and 250
persons and above in hill States, the tribal and the desert areas.
• The primary objective of the PMGSY is to provide Connectivity, by way of an All-
weather Road (with necessary culverts and cross-drainage structures, which is
operable throughout the year), to the eligible unconnected Habitations in the rural
areas, in such a way that all Unconnected Habitations with a population of 1000
persons and above are covered in three years (2000-2003) and all Unconnected
Habitations with a population of 500 persons and above by the end of the Tenth
Plan Period (2007). In respect of the Hill States (North-East, Sikkim, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttaranchal) and the Desert Areas (as identified in the
Desert Development Programme) as well as the Tribal (Schedule V) areas, the
objective would be to connect Habitations with a population of 250 persons and
above.
15. • The PMGSY will permit the Upgradation (to prescribed standards) of the
existing roads in those Districts where all the eligible Habitations of the
designated population size (refer Para 2.1 above) have been provided all-
weather road connectivity. However, it must be noted that Upgradation is
not central to the Programme and cannot exceed 20% of the State’s
allocation as long as eligible Unconnected Habitations in the State still
exist. In Upgradation works, priority should be given to Through Routes of
the Rural Core Network, which carry more traffic (see Para 3.7 below)
16. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)
• Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) : Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) is a flagship
scheme of the Ministry of Rural Development to provide houses to the
poor in the rural areas.
• Objective
The objective of the Indira Awaas Yojana is primarily to help
construction/upgradation of dwelling units of members of Scheduled
Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers, minorities in the below
poverty line category1 and other below poverty line non-SC/ST rural
households by providing them a lump sum financial assistance.
• Funding Pattern :
PM Indira Awaas Yojana is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme funded on cost-
sharing basis between the Government of India and the State
Governments in the ratio of 75:25. However, in the case of North-Eastern
States and Sikkim, funding will be shared between the Government of
India and these States in the ratio of 90:10 respectively2 . In the case of
Union Territories, the entire funds under this Scheme are provided by the
Government of India.
17. • Target Group:
The target groups for houses under the IAY are below poverty line
households living in the rural areas, belonging to Scheduled
Castes/Scheduled tribes, freed bonded labourers, minorities in the
BPL category and non-SC/ST BPL rural households, widows and
next-of-kin to defence personnel/paramilitary forces killed in action
residing in rural areas (irrespective of their income criteria), ex-
servicemen and retired
members of paramilitary forces fulfilling the other conditions
18. Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)
• Development of rain fed /degraded areas through participatory
watershed approach is the focal area of the Government. Planning
Commission and National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) framed
Common Guidelines, 2008 for watershed programmes for all
Ministries/Departments based on the Parthasarathy Committee
Report, other Committee’s observations and past experiences.
• The provisions in the Common Guidelines and the observations of
the Parthasarthy Committee have necessitated modifications in the
watershed schemes of the Department of Land Resources.
Accordingly, Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP), Desert
Development Programme (DDP) and Integrated Wastelands
Development Programme (IWDP) of the Department of Land
Resources have been integrated and consolidated into a single
modified programme called Integrated Watershed Management
Programme (IWMP). This consolidation is for optimum use of
resources, sustainable outcomes and integrated planning. The
scheme has been approved by the Government on 26.2.2009
19. Major activities of the Watershed project:
• Soil & moisture conservation measures like terracing,
bunding, trenching, vegetative barriers etc.
• Rain water harvesting activities like farm ponds,
percolation tanks, check dams etc.
• Planting & sowing of multi-purpose trees, shrubs,
grasses, legumes and pasture land development
• Encouraging natural regeneration
• Promotion of agro-forestry and horticulture
• Measures needed to disseminate technology
• Training, extension and creation of a greater degree of
awareness among the participants
• Encouraging peoples’ participation
• Livelihood activities for asset less people
• Production system and micro-enterprise
21. National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)
• National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) was established in June 2010 by
the Government of India,
• implemented in all States of the country to establish efficient and
sustainable institutions of the rural poor that enable them to increase
household income through livelihood enhancements and improved access
to financial and selected public services tasks:
(a) mobilizing all rural, poor households into effective self help groups (SHGs)
and SHG federations
(b) enhancing access to credit and other financial, technical, and marketing
services
(c) building capacities and skills for gainful and sustainable livelihoods
(d) improving the delivery of
22. Under NRLM, Government of India is availing a credit from the International
Development Association (IDA) for implementing the National Rural
Livelihood Project (NRLP) to broadly support the following
components:
(i) Institution and human capacity development at the National, State, District
and Sub District
level such that support institutional structures are created
(ii) State Livelihood Support towards
establishment of institutional platforms of the rural poor for improved access
to financial, livelihood and
public services
(iii) Innovation and Partnership to identify and partner innovative ideas which
address the
livelihood needs of the rural poor and help pilot or scale them
(iv) Project management and monitoring
and learning systems.
23.
24.
25. Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) (
• Rural sanitation came into focus in the Government of India in the
World Water Decade of 1980s.
• The Central Rural Sanitation Programme was started in 1986 to
provide sanitation facilities in rural areas.
• It was a supply driven, high subsidy and infrastructure oriented
programme. As a result of these deficiencies and low financial
allocations, the CRSP had little impact on the gargantuan problem.
• The experience of community-driven, awareness-generating
campaign based programmes in some states and the results of
evaluation of CRSP, led to the formulation of the Total Sanitation
Campaign (TSC) approach in 1999.
26. The main objectives of the TSC are as under
• Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas.
• Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas.
• Generate felt demand for sanitation facilities through awareness creation
and health education.
• Cover schools/ Anganwadis in rural areas with sanitation facilities and
promote hygiene education and sanitary habits among students.
• Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies in sanitation.
• Eliminate open defecation to minimize risk of contamination of drinking
water sources and food.
• Convert dry latrines to pour flush latrines, and eliminate manual
scavenging practice, wherever in existence in rural areas.
27. Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
Aims at…
Electrifying all villages and habitations.
Providing access to electricity to all rural households.
Giving Electricity Connection to Below Poverty Line (BPL)
families free of charge.
Main Features
All ongoing schemes merged in “Rajiv Gandhi Grameen
Vidyutikaran Yojana” (RGGVY)
90% grant and 10% loan
Electrification as per new definition
Franchisee arrangement for revenue sustainability
28. Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
Through creation of :
Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with 33/11 KV (or
66/11 KV) sub-station of adequate capacity in blocks where
these do not exist.
Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with provision of
distribution transformer of appropriate capacity in
villages/habitations.
Decentralised Distributed Generation (DDG) Systems based on
conventional & non conventional energy sources where grid
supply is not feasible or cost-effective.
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
29.
30. National Rural Drinking Water Programme
(NRDWP)
• Provision of safe drinking water is a basic necessity. Rural drinking water
supply is a State subject and has been included in the Eleventh Schedule
of the Constitution of India, among the subjects that may be entrusted to
Panchayats by the States.
• To accelerate the pace of coverage of problem villages with respect to
provision of drinking water, the Government of India introduced the
Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) in 1972–73, to
support States and UTs with financial and technical assistance in
implementing drinking water supply schemes in such villages.
• In order to address the major issues like sustainability, water availability
and supply, poor water quality, etc., the Rural Drinking Water Supply
Guidelines have been revised 1.4.2009.
• The revised program known as National Rural Drinking Water Programme
(NRDWP)
31. • Components of the NRDWP To meet the emerging challenges
in the rural drinking water sector relating to availability,
sustainability and quality, the components under the
programme are NRDWP (Coverage), NRDWP (Sustainability),
NRDWP (Water quality), NRDWP (DDP areas), NRDWP
(Natural calamity) and NRDWP (Support). In accordance with
the policy of Government of India, the Department of
Drinking Water Supply has earmarked 10% of the total Central
outlay for the programme for the NE States.
32. Conclusion
The Rural
Development is
an on-going or
continuous
process.
Rural
Development
Department is
primarily
responsible for
planning,
implementation
and monitoring of
various Centrally
Sponsored
Schemes designed
by the
Government of
India for rural
poverty
alleviation.
The creation of
self-employment
opportunities for
the people of
below poverty
line with
improving the
overall quality of
life in the rural
areas and
empowerment of
women in socio-
economic and
politics are
important issues
of the five year
plan in India.
To improve
the rural
areas it is
necessary
popular
participation
in policy
making.
The rural
development
would be
“time-bound
oriented,
participatory
orientated,
decentralised
oriented,
collective
oriented,
improvement
oriented,
equity
oriented,
institutional
oriented.
