The document summarizes different types of human migration such as immigration, emigration, international migration, voluntary migration, and forced migration. It also discusses factors that push and pull people to migrate such as lack of economic opportunities, poverty, conflict, or perception of better living conditions elsewhere. As an example, it outlines the patterns of migration between Mexico and the US, with many Mexicans leaving due to lack of jobs and opportunities and being pulled to the US by perceptions of higher wages and better quality of life.
4. People may migrate because of poor conditions where they live- these negative factors are called push factors Lack of jobs or job opportunities Poor levels of pay and conditions Poor health and education services. Isolated – few transport links, few leisure facilities Climatic hazard eg drought leading to crop failure. Civil war/persecution. Poor quality of life
5. People may migrate because they are attracted to conditions elsewhere- these positive reasons are called pull factors Job opportunities Perception of better quality of life. Range of health and education services. Entertainment and facilities. Less likelihood of natural hazards. Chance to earn more money Better quality of life
8. Mexico and USA 87% 99% Adult literacy (%) 26 15 Birth rate (per 1000 population) 24 7 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 population) 28% 5.6% Unemployment rate (%) 67 76 Life expectancy (years) $3,320 $26,980 GNP per capita (US $) Mexico USA
9. Images of Tijuana, Mexico... There are huge differences in wealth and quality of lie between the USA and Mexico. There are many PUSH factors that make Mexicans want to leave places like Tijuana and migrate to the USA.
10. Images of the USA The USA has many pull factors… “The American Dream” which attracts many people to the US. The reality however is often different.
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13. Transmigration is one method that a number of governments have used to try and solve population problems. Transmigration in Indonesia Indonesia can be divided into a core area (this includes the large cities and the islands of Java). Java (core)
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