This document provides an overview of steam turbine manufacturing. It defines a steam turbine as a rotary engine that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy. It describes the main types of steam turbines based on flow direction and the two main types of blades used - impulse and reaction. It then outlines the key steps for manufacturing steam turbine blades on a CNC machine, including raw material procurement, cutting, milling, grinding, fitting and polishing operations. Maintaining tight tolerances is important for blade design and reliability.

1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ON
GENERAL AWARENESS OF STEAM TURBINE MANUFACTURING
Submitted to:-
Dr. Harshdeep Sharma
Coordinator
Industial Training
Submitted by:-
Abhishek Chaudhary
1101201085
4th year (me-3)

2. QUES 1 : - What is Steam Turbine ?
Turbine is a engine that converts energy of fluid into mechanical energy
and steam turbine is a steam driven rotatry engine
A stream turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam
and uses it to do mechanical energy on a rotating output shaft
It is a device where kinetic energy (heat) converted into mechanical energy
(in shape of rotation)

3. Classifation of steam turbines
1.On the type of flow
Direction of steam flow in relation to turbine wheel(drum)
1)axial
2)radial
3)mixed
4)tangential
Radial flow steam turbine :- in this steam flow is in radial direction
either towards or away From axis
Axial flow steam turbine :-in such turbine the steam flow in direction
or direction parallel to the axis of wheel or rotor
Majority of high power turbines are of axial type
Mixed flow steam turbine:- The steam flow through hp cylinder and then
Reversed flow in opposite direction through
remainder of high pressure cylinder

4. 2. WAY OF ENERGY CONVERSION AND TYPE OF BLADING
1) IMPULSE TURBINE
2) REACTION TURBINE

5. By Type of Blading :-
Heat contained in steam passes through turbine must
be converted into mechanical energy depends up on
shape of turbine blades
2 basic design of blades are
1) impulse
2) reaction
Impulse blades:- 1) Works on principalof high pressure steam
striking or hitting against the moving blade
2) Impulse blades r usually symmetric and have
An entrance and exit angle of 20 degree
3) They r installed on high pressure section
of turbine
4) They r short and have constant cross section

6. REACTION BLADE :-
Energy contained with in the steam
converted to mechanical
Energy By reaction of jet of
steam as it expands through
Blades of rotor
Rotor is forced to rotate as expanding
Steam Exhausts the rotor arm nozzle

7. Application of steam turbine
1) Power station
2) Industrial
3) transport

8. Steam turbine components and relative
equipments:-

10. Frame : -

11. Manufacturing of steam turbine blade on cnc 3
axis machine
VARIOUS OPERATIONS ARE:-
1. RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT
2. LENGTH CUTTING
3. THICKNESS MILLING
4. THICKNESS GRINDING
5. RHOMBOID MILLING & grinding
6. FACING AND SIZE MILLING
7. WIDTH MILLING
8. TAPER MILLING & GRINDING
9. FITTING AND POLISHING

12. RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT:
The steam turbine blade material is procured (the action of obtaining) as per
the design specification. The material is inspected dimensionally and all the
mechanical and chemical analysis are made as per the specification
LENGTH CUTTING:
The material is cut to length by keeping machining allowance at both ends
THICKNESS MILLING:
The material is clamped in a vice or fixture and thickness is milled on both
sides by keeping n allowance of 0.5mm on both sides for grinding
RHOMBOID MILLING:
The ground blade bars are milled to rhomboid shape with an angle given
in the process by clamping in a ficture on both sides with an allowance of
0.5mm on both side. This is done on the horizontal milling machines.
WIDTH MILLING:
The profile width is done on both sides on horizontal milling machine as per
the drawing.

13. TAPER GRINDING:
The taper grinding is done on a surface grinding machione
and ensure the angle with in
the given tolerance in the diagram. Also surface finish must
be with in 8 microns
FITTING AND POLISHING:
The blades are deburred (smoothen the rough
edges) and rounded off on the inlet side and then
polished on blade

14. CONCLUSION :-
Efficiency and reliability of a steam turbine depends on the
proper design of blades
The reliability of moving blades is to be ensured upon
proper design selection of material.
Different milling cutters are used to finish the operation on
the blade

15. Reference :-
1) HANDBOOK (BHEL)
2)GOOGLE(http://www.slideshare.net/physics101/
turbine-manufacturing-process)
3)WIKIPEDIA(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_tu
rbine)
4)TURBOMACHINES BY S.M YAYA