PPt of the PPT presentation that will be an app- Stucom

1. ANA LUISA DE LIZ - POL ARQUIMBAU - ZENGHAO JIANG

2. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1750-1840

3. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS INCREASE IN PRODUCTION
BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE USE OF MACHINES AND CHARACTERISED BY
THE USE OF NEW ENERGY SOURCES. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
MARKED A MAJOR TURNING POINT IN HISTORY: ALMOST EVERY
ASPECT OF DAILY LIFE WAS INFLUENCED IN SOME WAY.

4. WHAT DO WE OWE TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

5. CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
=+
Mortality decreases Birthrate increases Population growth
1. DEMOGRAPHIC REVOLUTION IN THE UK
England‘s population doubled from 8.3 million in 1801 to 16.8 million in 1850
and, by 1901, it nearly doubled again to 30.5 million.

6. 2. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
OPEN FIELDS ARE
TRANSFORMED INTO
CLOSED FIELDS BY THE
ENCLOSURE ACTS:
B) FARMERS LEAVE TO
GROWING CITIES
A) MORE BENEFITS FOR
OWNERS, BUT FARMERS
LOSE COMMUNAL LAND TO
FARM IN
(They were made private)
DISTRIBUTION OF THE
POPULATION BEFORE THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
EVERYONE ELSE
FARMERS

7. 3. ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
COLONIES AND
INVESTMENT IN
COMMERCE
ECONOMIC
LIBERALISM=
• Private property (land and
capital)
• No interference of the state in
the productive system
• Free market regulated by the
law of supply and demand
}
PARLIAMENTARY
MONARCHY
AND

8. TEXTILE INDUSTRY GROWTH
Cotton came from the British colonies (America and India)
With the big amount of cotton that was imported, new ways were needed to produce thread,
therefore threading machines were created:
Water frame
(It worked with hydraulic
energy and produced 8
spindles of thread per hour)
Spinning Jenny
(8 spindles of thread per
hour)
They were created before the steam engine

9. THE STEAM ENGINE
The steam engined machine was created by
James Watt in 1776.
This supposed and enormous change in the
production activities, machines worked faster.
This machine is regarded as the main symbol
of the industrial revolution.
It contributed to the new invention of this
revolutionary time.

10. TEXTILE INDUSTRY GROWTH
Spinning mule
(It worked with steam
power and produced 64
spindles of thread per
hour)
In 1776 the steam powered machines started to work and the last
innovation in threading machines used this new resource:
The production of thread increased heavily so 2
weaving machines were created, that improved in
productivity with time
Flying Shuttle
(could make wider pieces of
clothing)
Power Loom
(Works steam engine and was
the most advanced of its time)
They were created after the
steam engine

11. COAL REVOLUTION
The main source of
energy during the
Industrial Revolution
was coal
Many of the factories
concentrated close
to the coal mines
Development of the
steel and metallurgic
industries
Need to transport the
coal and the steel
more efficientlyTRANSPORTS REVOLUTION

12. TRANSPORTS REVOLUTION
1. Creation of a fluvial channel and canal system
2. Radial roadway around London
3. Creation of wagons and railways.
CONSEQUENCES
Easier
transportation
of heavy
metals
Reduction in
the price of
final products
Improvement
and more
incentives in
production
Growth of
commercial
activity
4. Steam boat. It made overseas commerce easier and faster

13. SOCIAL CLASSES
THAT EMERGED
The social classes in the Industrial
Revolution were based on financial status
or a person’s profession / working
situation.
Proletariat
(factory workers)
and farmers
Middle class: qualified
workers (doctors, lawyers...)
and industrial technicians
High class:
industrial
businessman
and
bourgeoisie

14. LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE WORKING CLASS
High alcoholism
and smoking
habits among
men.
Dirty and dark
streets
Fast spreading of
disease
Constant and
disorganized
growth of slums
Bad hygienic
conditions at
home

15. WORKING CONDITIONS OF THE WORKING
CLASS
Absence of trade
unions or
pensions
Low wages
Strict discipline ,
corporal and
economic
punishment
Inexistent aid for
unemployed and
sick people
Long working
hours with very
little break time

16. CHILD LABOR
Children were an
essential part of
income for their
homes
Children did not
often go to school
They received only
the necessary
education to work
They were often
paid less than
men and women
They started
working at 5-7 years
old and worked for
14- 16 hours per
day

17. WOMEN IN THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
They were paid
less than men
even thought they
worked the same
or harder.
They worked
mainly in textiles
factories and
domestic
service
They had
double work: at
their homes
and the factory
work.

18. IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND DATES
The First Industrial Revolution was the one that happened between 1750 and 1840.
James Watt
He invented the steam machine.
This invention was the “BOOM” of
industrial growth.
It was first put to work in 1776
Adam Smith
Was the main theorist of classical
liberalism, based on private
property and free market without
the intervention of the state.

19. MORE IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND DATES
Robert Fulton
Inaugurated in 1807 the
steam boat Clermont , that
made the New York - Albany
trajectory in only 32 hours.
George Stephenson
He built the first public inter-city
railway line in the world to use
steam locomotives: the Liverpool
and Manchester Railway that
opened in 1830.

20. The most imposing ideas that flowered to denounce the situation of the workers,
were later included in the birth of labor movement. They were postulated by:
Karl Marx
Elaborator Marxism or scientific socialism
together with Friedrich Engels.
Marxism based its theories on the struggle
between the social classes that emerged
during the Industrial Revolution and
proposed a violent conquest of power by the
proletariat.
Mikhaïl Bakunin
He defended spontaneous
rebellion of the people against the capitalist
society and the state with anarchism. The
main objective was the destruction of the
social order and the state’s control
instruments (police, army, government)
“The motor of history is class struggle” - Karl Marx
"Freedom without Socialism is privilege and injustice; Socialism
without freedom is slavery and brutality " - Mikhaïl Bakunin

21. INDUSTRIALISATION IN OTHER
COUNTRIES

22. NORWAY
The most industries
have been since
then; fishery, metal
and chemical/
technical industries
Norway followed the
“ripple effect of
industrialisation” that
characterised this
time
Great advances were
made in agriculture
during the 18th century
and full
industrialisation
happened from mid
19th century onwards

23. TURKEY Turkey’s
industrialisation
began after the
establishment of the
Turkish Republic
(1923)
The main industries
that developed since
then have been textile,
glass, ware and
furniture

24. SPAIN
Spain only started industrialising in the mid 19th century
The most developed areas were
two:
The shipping
industry was also
important
Catalonia in the textile industry,
following the British model of
machines
The Basque Country where the
metal industry was predominant,
making use of the mines in the
north of the country

25. LITHUANIA
Lithuania was a major supplier of
specialized military and industrial
technology to the Soviet Union
while under its control.
Lithuanian people enjoyed one of
the highest standards of living in the
Union. Especially on farms, goods
became visibly more abundant and
life grew more comfortable during
the early 1970s.

26. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1.What was the Industrial Revolution?
a) An increase in production brought about by the use of machines
b) A time in which new energy sources started being used
c) A and B are correct
2.Where did it start and how long is it considered to last for?
a) It started in China and lasted from 1780 to 1870
b) It started in the UK and it lasted from 1750 to 1840
c) It started in the UK and it covers the period from 1750 to 1870
3.What were the main three causes for this Revolution to happen?
The Demographic, the Agricultural Revolution and the Economic
Liberalism.
4. How did the population come to grow?
The population growth was caused by a decrease in the mortality and an
increase in the birth rates
5.What were the two consequences of the enclosure acts?
The landowners would earn more Money but the people that depended on the
land had to leave the rural areas and go to the growing cities.
6. What type of monarchy was there in England at the time?
a) Parliamentary monarchy
b) Absolute monarchy
c) Elective monarchy
7.What was the first industry to go through the revolution?
a) The metallurgic industry
b) The textile industry
c) The transports industry
8.Which were the 3 basic principles of economic liberalism?
- Private property (land and capital)
- No interference of the state in the productive system
- Free market regulated by the law of supply and demand

27. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
9.Who invented the steam machine and in which year?
a) James Watt in 1776
b) Adam Smith in 1770
c) James Watt in 1788
10.What was the main source of energy in the Industrial Revolution?
a) Petrol
b) Water
c) Coal
11. Which as the main reason for the Transports Revolution?
a) To transport coal and steel more efficiently
b) To encourage people to foreign places
c) To get all the cities communicated
12. Which was the first improvement in the transports industry?
a) Radial roadway around London
b) The creation of a fluvial channel and canal system
c) Creation of wagons and railways
13. What was the final consequence of the invention of the railway wagon?
a) Increases the price of the final product
b) Needed more time to transport the material
c) Growth of commercial activity
14. What were the social classes based on?
a) Financial status or a person’s profession
b) The hours of working
c) The family you were born, you couldn’t change your social class
15. Which new social classes emerged?
a) The middle class and the proletariat
b) The proletariat and the bourgeoisie
c) The bourgeoisie and the middle class
16. Who integrated the middle class?
a) The businessmen with less power
b) Qualified workers and industrial technicians
c) The proletariat
17. Name 2 living and 2 working conditions of the working class
2 living conditions:
-Bad hygienic conditions at home
-Dirty and dark streets
2 working conditions:
-Long working hours with very little break
- Low wages

28. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
18. Why didn’t children go to school during the Industrial Revolution period?
a) Because they were educated at home
b) Because there was a lot of children at home and there wasn’t enough
money to educate them all
c) They had to contribute to the family’s income
19. In which industries did women generally work in?
a) They did not work
b) They were only doing domestic service
c) In textiles industries
20. When did the first locomotive make its first trip?
a) (1859) Between London and Manchester
b) (1830) Between Liverpool and Manchester
c) (1900) Between Liverpool and Manchester
21. What was Marxism based on?
a) Establishing an absolute monarchy
b) Establishing a parliamentary monarchy
c) In the struggle between social classes
22. What did anarchism propose?
a) Spontaneous revolution
b) Destruction of social order
c) A and B are correct
Extra questions:
23. Which were the industries developed in Norway?
a) Fishing, metal, chemical industries
b) Nuclear, metal, fishing
c) Hydraulic, steel, fishing
24. Which industries have become the most important in Turkey since industrialisation?
a) Textiles, glassware, furniture
b) Fishing, metal, chemical industries
c) Textile, fishing, glassware
25. What industries developed in Spain?
a) Textile, railway, fishing
b) textile, steel, chemical
c) Textile, maritime, metal

29. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
26. What paper did Lithuania have industrially during the period of the Soviet
Union?
a) Military and technological
b) Nuclear and textiles
c) Marine and textiles
27. What do we owe to the Industrial Revolution? * Watch the video again *
28. Are the social classes of the Industrial Revolution still “standing today”?
Yes. Classification of people depending on their capital is still a factor
of nowadays. Today we distinguish in society: rich, middle and poor
class.
29. What are the inventions from the industrial revolution that we still use today
or have been improved upon?
- Public education
- Cinema
- The electric motor
- Antibiotics
30. Considering the technological changes we adapt to every day, do you think
we're undergoing a 3rd industrial revolution?
Yes due to the following factors:
•The change to renewable energies
•The conversion of buildings into energy plants
•Rechargeable batteries and other energy-storing techniques.
•Transports based on electrical vehicles, chargeable hybrids
•Technology has made a 360° spin and its daily evolution is spectacular
(IT revolution, 3D printing, smartphones...)
The industrial revolution caused a change in the social,
economic, political and lifestyle of mankind, due to the
invention and implementation of large-scale machines.
Job performance increased and production costs decreased,
which provided a tremendous growth in the wealth of the
industrialised nations.
All in all, we owe so much to the Industrial Revolution as 90%
of our daily life is marked by it.
Yes. Classification of people depending on their capital is still a
factor of nowadays. Today we distinguish in society: rich, middle
and poor class.