lesson on types and structures of tv programming

1. TV PROGRAMMING: TYPES
AND STRUCTURE

2. PROGRAMMING
○ The practice of organizing television or radio
programs in a daily, weekly, or season-long
schedule.
○ The programs that come before and after each
show must be carefully weighed, as well as what
the other networks are offering in each of these
same time slots.
○ Added to this are target audience
demographics (characteristics such as age, race,
sex and economic level), program promotions, and
advertiser appeal.

3. SCHEDULING STRATEGIES
○ CROSSPROGRAMMING
● involves the interconnection of two shows. This is
achieved by extending a storyline over two episodes of
two different programs.
○ BRIDGING
● used when one TV program intentionally extends
beyond the normal end point of programs on the other
channels. With these programs already underway
when the first program ends it discourages the
audience from changing channels and joining another
program "in progress."

4. SCHEDULING STRATEGIES
○ COUNTER PROGRAMMING
● used when a time period is filled with a program whose appeal is
different from the opponent program because it is a different genre
or appeals to a different demographic.
○ DAYPARTING
● the practice of dividing the day into several parts, during each of
which a different type of TV programming appropriate for that
time is aired. TV programs are most often geared toward a
particular demographic, and what the target audience typically
engages in at that time.
○ Sign-on
○ Early morning
○ Late morning
○ Early afternoon
○ Late afternoon
○ Early evening
○ Prime time
○ Late night television
○ Graveyard slot
○ Sign-off

5. SCHEDULING STRATEGIES
○ HAMMOCKING
● a technique used by broadcasters whereby an unpopular
program is scheduled between two popular programs in the
hope that viewers will watch it.
○ HOTSWITCHING
● the programmers eliminate any sort of commercial break
when one program ends and another begins; this
immediately hooks the audience into watching the next
program without a chance to change the television
channel between programs.
○ STACKING
● a technique used to develop audience flow by grouping
together programs with similar appeals to "Sweep" the
viewer along from one program to the next

6. SCHEDULING STRATEGIES
○ TENTPOLING
● the programmers bank on a well-known series having
so much audience appeal that they can place two
unknown series on either side, and it is the strength of
the central program that will draw viewers to the two
other shows.
○ MARATHON
● series might be scheduled with the potential of holding
loyal fans for several hours. Marathons often take
place on weekends and during holiday periods when
viewers are apt to have more time to watch TV.
○ THEMING
● having special theme days, such as for a holiday.

7. STUNTING TECHNIQUE
○ In an effort to boost audience size TV shows often
see stunting (using special programming or plot
gimmicks)
○ In the early 90s, it was discovered that weddings
could boost a show's ratings by about three points
-- so a lot of people in dramas suddenly got
married.
○ Another stunting technique is to have a famous
person appear in an. In each of these cases, "the
event" is heavily touted in promos (on-air
promotions for the show).
○ And then there are "reunion shows" that bring
back the casts of popular series of the past for a
special show.

8. TV PROGRAM PATTERN
○ Morning (5AM-10AM)
● Morning shows- for students and people who work in
morning shift
● Cartoons and Anime – children (ages 5-12)
○ Mid-morning (10AM-11:59AM)
● TV series- for elders and middle ages
● Talk shows- for people whose age ranges from 20-40
yo
○ Noon
● Variety shows- for people/family having a lunch break

9. TV PROGRAM PATTERN
○ Afternoon (2:30pm- 6:00pm)
● Soap operas/cartoons- for elders, middle ahes and kids
○ Primetime (6:00pm-9:30pm)
● News programs- for elders and middle ages
● Soap operas- for elders and middle ages
○ Late night (9:30pm-12:00mn)
● News programs- for businessmen, people who missed the
primetime news
● Rated SPG shows- such as Gandang Gabi Vice, Banana
Scoop
○ Graveyard slot (12mn-onwards)
● Some replays/home TV shopping

10. THREE BASIC FORMS OF TV PROGRAM:
○ FICTIONAL
● Includes soap opera, sitcom, dramatic series etc.
○ NON-FICTIONAL OR REALITY PROGRAM
● Includes game shows, talk shows, magazine shows
○ LIVE TV
● Generally restricted to sports, awaard show, news
program and takl shows

11. TV PROGRAM CATEGORIES
○ NEWS
● Programs reporting on local, regional, national, and
international events. Such programs may include
weather reports, sportscasts, community news, and
other related features or segments contained within
"News Programs.“
○ ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
● Programs on various topics that include analysis or
discussion, for example, talk or panel shows,
consumer affairs or reviews. This category excludes
programs presenting information primarily for
entertainment value.

12. TV PROGRAM CATEGORIES
○ LONG-FORM DOCUMENTARY
● Original works of non-fiction, primarily designed to
inform but may also educate and entertain, providing
an in-depth critical analysis of a specific subject or
point of view.
○ REPORTING AND ACTUALITIES
● Programs focusing on the coverage of conferences,
political conventions, opening/closing of events
(including awards dinners) and political debates.
○ RELIGION
● Programs dealing primarily with religion and religious
teachings, as well as discussions of the human
spiritual condition.

13. TV PROGRAMS CATEGORIES
○ FORMAL EDUCATION AND PRE-SCHOOL
● Programs presenting detailed information related to a wide variety
of topics and used by the viewer primarily to acquire knowledge.
All programs targeted at pre-schoolers (ages 2-5).
○ INFORMAL EDUCATION/RECREATION & LEISURE
● Programs presenting information on recreation, hobby and skill
development, recreational sports and outdoor activities, travel and
leisure, employment opportunities, and talk shows of an
informative ("how-to") nature.
○ SPORTS
● Programs of live or live-to-tape sports events and competitions
including coverage of professional and amateur tournaments.
● The category also includes programs reviewing and analyzing
professional or amateur competitive sports events/teams.
● Documentaries on sports-related topics fall under category

14. TV PROGRAM CATEGORIES
○ DRAMA AND COMEDY
● Entertainment productions of a fictional nature, including
dramatizations of real events.
○ soaps
○ Sitcoms
○ Specials, mini-series
○ Theatrical feature films aired on TV
○ Animated TV programs or films
○ Stand-up comedy aired on TV
○ MUSIC AND DANCE
● Programs comprised primarily of live or pre-recorded
performances of music and/or dance, including opera,
operetta, ballet, and musicals.
○ MUSIC VIDEO CLIPS
● Short film or videotape productions or concert excerpts
(clips)

15. TV PROGRAMS CATEGORIES
○ GENERAL ENTERTAINMENT AND HUMAN
INTEREST
● Programs primarily about the world of entertainment and its
people. These programs include celebrity profiles that may use
promotional footage, talk or interview shows, award shows, galas
and tributes.
● They also include entertainment-oriented magazine shows.
○ REALITY TV
● Programs that present unscripted dramatic or humorous
situations, document actual events and typically feature ordinary
people instead of professional actors.
● This type of programming involves passively following individuals
as they go about their daily personal and professional activities.
○ GAME SHOWS
● Programs featuring games of skill and chance as well as quizzes.
● Programs featuring games of skill and chance as well as quizzes.

16. TV PROGRAMS CATEGORIES
○ PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT
● Messages of less than 5 minutes duration intended to
educate the audience about issues of public concern,
encourage public support and awareness of a worthy cause.
○ REALITY TV
● Programs that present unscripted dramatic or humorous
situations, document actual events and typically feature
ordinary people instead of professional actors.
● This type of programming involves passively following
individuals as they go about their daily personal and
professional activities.
○ GAME SHOWS
● Programs featuring games of skill and chance as well as
quizzes.
● Programs featuring games of skill and chance as well as
quizzes.