3. INTRODUCTION
1969 -The ‘mechatronics’ word introduced by Tessturo
Mori. E was a senior engineer of Japanese company
Yaskawa Electric Corporation.
1971 – the company was granted the trademark rights
on the word.
1970- 80- mostly the servo technology is used in
mechatronics
1981-90-IT introduced. Microprocessors were
embedded in Mechanical system.
4. 1991 -2000 – Communication technology was added.
Remote operation and robotics were developed .
1996 – 1st journal IEEE on mechatronics was released.
After 2000, finds application in aerospace, defence, bio-
mechanics, automotive electronics, banking(ATM) etc.,
5. DEFINITION
Mechatronics is “ the synergistic integration
of mechanics and mechanical
engineering, Electronics, computer
technology, and IT to produce or enhance
products and system”
MECHA- Mechanism
TRONICS - Electronics
7. Elements of mechatronics system
Actuators and
sensors
Signals and
conditioning
Digital logic
systems
Software and data
acquisition systems
Computers and
display devices
8. Elements of mechatronics system
Actuators and sensors
Actuators – pneumatic & Hydraulic actuator,
electromechanical actuators, electrical motor such as DC
motor, AC motor, stepper motor, servo motor & piezo
electric actuators
Sensors – linear and rotational sensor, acceleration
sensor, force, torque and pressure sensor, temperature
sensor, proximity sensors, light sensors
Signals and conditioning
Two types: input and output
Input signal conditioning devices: discrete circuits,
amplifiers, analog to digital(A/D) convertors, Digital to
Analog (D/A) convertors.
Output signal conditioning devices: amplifiers, Digital to
Analog (D/A) convertors, display decoders (DD)
9. Elements of mechatronics system
Digital logic systems
Logic circuits, micro controllers, programmable logic
controllers(PLC), sequencing and timing controls, control
algorithm.
Software and data acquisition systems
Data logger, computer with plug in boards
Computers and display devices
LED, CRT, LCD, digital displays etc.,
10. Examples of mechatronics systems
NC and CNC machine tools, flexible manufacturing
system, Prototyping & robots
Photo copiers, laser printers & fax machines
Automatic washing machines automatic ovens, modern
sewing machine
Automatic teller machine (ATM)
Coin counter
Automatic/digital camera, digital watch
CT scan system, automatic blood testing equipment
Automatic sliding door
11. Advantages of Mechatronics systems
Cost effective and good quality products
High degree of flexibility to modify or redesign
Very good performance characteristics
Wide area of applications
Greater productivity in case of manufacturing organization
Possibility or remote controlling as well as centralized
monitoring and control
Greater extend of machine utilization
12. Disadvantages of Mechatronics systems
High initial cost
Multi-disciplinary engineering background required to
design and implementation
Need of highly trained workers
Complexity in identification and correction of problem
in the system
13. TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM
Open loop control system
Closed loop or feedback control system
15. Open loop control system
Open loop system are systems in which the output of
a system is not used as a variable to control the
system.
16. Element of open loop control systems
Bread toaster (open loop ) control system
Amplifier is a device amplifies the low level signal to the controller
EXAMPLE OF OPEN LOOP:
17. ADVANTAGES
Its simple and cost effective construction
Easy maintenance, because no complex circuits.
Good stability
Good reliability
Response quickly
No Calibration is involved
More convinent
18. DIS-ADVANTAGES
It is Less accuruate
Presence of non-linearity causes malfunctining
Slow because of manual control
Optimisation control is not possible
System affected by internal and external disturbance
19. Closed loop control system
Closed loop system uses on a feed back loop to control
the operation of the system.
20. Room heating (Closed loop) control system
EXAMPLE OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM:
ROOM HEATING SYSTEM
21. ADVANTAGES AND DIS ADVANTAGES
Appropriate sensor,
greater stability.
Better repetability.
Task faster than open
loop.
Good reliability.
Closed loop complicated
in construction.
Cost is higher.
Sometimes closed loop
system is unstable.
22. Open loop system
It does not uses feedback
It is less accurate
It is simple in
construction
Presence of non-linearity
causes malfunctioning
The response is slow
because manual control
Easy maintenance
because of no complex
electronic circuit
Cost is less
Closed loop system
It uses feedback system
It is more accurate
It is complicated in
construction
It perform accurately
even in presence of non-
linearity
It perform task faster
than open loop
It is difficult to maintain
and repair
Cost is more
24. Cooling level control system
Steering control system of an automobile
CONTROL SYSTEMS
25. AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
A control system refers to a group of physical
component connected or related in such a
manner as to command direct or regulate
itself or another system.
28. SEQUENTIAL CONTROL SYSTEM
A sequential control involve sequential execution of
well defined operations.( particular order)
Each operation or activity called step.
29. EXAMPLE: The working of
modern automatic washing
machine
Step 1 : pre-wash cycle
Step 2: main wash cycle
Step 3: rinse (WATER DIP) cycle
Step 4: spin cycle
30. 1) PRE WASH CYCLE:
Electrically operated valve opens to allow cold water to fill
in drum
Level sensor is check the required water
Water level reaches , sensor signal to micro controller to
switch off the water supply
Washing takes place.
2) MAIN WASH CYCLE:
Once again the pre wash cycle takes place to fill the water
After filling the water Micro processor activates the switch
to electric heater to heat the water in the main wash.
Temperature sensor is used to measure the required heat.
Motor drum finally comes to a slow speed and switched off
31. 3) RINSE CYCLE:
Main wash completed, microprocessor output to the rinse cycle
and allow to fill cold water
Drum motor is rotated the drum and drain pump is operate to
drain the water.
4) SPIN CYCLE:
Micro processor switches on the drum motor and it is signal to
rotate the drum higher speed than the Rinse cycle.
33. EXAMPLE OF MICRO PROCESSOR CONTROL SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC FILM CAMERA:
Automatic flim camera features of automatic
focusing and exposure
Basic elements of the micro processor based
control.
36. Emerging(growth) area of mechatronics
Machine vision
Automation and robotics
Development of unmanned vehicles
Design of subsystem for automotive engineering
Sensing and control system
Operation and maintenance of CNC machine
Expert system and artificial intelligence
Industrial electronics and consumer products
Medical mechatronics and medical imaging systems
Micro/nano mechatronics
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system
37. Need for mechatronics
1. Dynamic market conditions
CHANGING THE COMPONENTS RESPECT TO
MARKET STITUATIONS)
2. Producing next generation products
Advanced technology from wired to wireless
3. Integration of modern technologies in products
New technolgies are integrated with new one ( Tractor- with
gps, radar,etc,.)
4. Variety in product ranges
Variations in shape size, colour, peformance,based on
customer likes and dislikes
38. 5. Batch production runs
Batch production in a industry producing products
6. Change in design perspective
inter discliplinary problems ( If the problem arises in
mechanical , the electrical engineers are available??)
In the mechatronics we are having all the fields
7. Product quality and consistency
maintaining and product quality, and producing
consistently
8. Ease of reconfiguration of the process
Flexibility takes place in the mechatronics system
9. Demand for increased flexibility
Due to flexibility CNC, FMS , AGV are the advanced
applications of mechatronics
40. CLASSIFICATION OF
MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
Based on the technology incorporated and product features
classified In to four categories:
CLASS-I
Primary mechanical products with electronics
NC machines
CLASS-II
Tradational mechanical system updated with internal devices
with electronics
Modern sewing machine
CLASS-III
Mechanical system , but internal mechanical system replaced
by electronics
Digital watch, Automatic camera
41. CLASS-IV
Products are designed with mechanical and electrical
technology through synergistic combination
Photo copiers, Intelligent washers and dryers, automatic
ovens
