2. Contents
• Introduction.
• Types of Arbitration.
• Merits of Arbitration.
• Demerits of Arbitration.
• Tier system of Arbitration.
3. Arbitration means when two parties are arguing
they can not come to an agreement they call
someone in who is neutral and they figure out the
matter.
In arbitration rules will be followed to solve the
problem by the mediator.
Introduction
5. Voluntary Arbitration
It is a non-binding.
Under voluntary arbitration the parties to the
dispute can and do they refer voluntarily and
dispute to arbitration before it is referred for
adjudication . This type of reference is known as
voluntary reference.
6. Essential elements in Voluntary
Arbitration
The voluntary submission of dispute to an
arbitrator.
It involves the presence of witness and
investigation.
The enforcement of an award may not be necessary
and binding because there is no compulsion.
Voluntary arbitration may be specially needed for
disputes arising under agreements.
7. Compulsory arbitration
Compulsory arbitration is a non-binding.
Compulsory arbitration is one where the parties are
required to accept arbitration without any
willingness on their part.
Compulsory arbitration leaves no scope for strikes
and lock-outs, it deprives both the parties of their
very important and fundamental rights.
8. Essential elements in compulsory
arbitration
The parties fail to arrive at a settlement by a
voluntary method.
When there is a national emergency which requires
that the wheels of production should not be
obstructed by frequent work-stoppages.
The country is passing through a grave economic
crisis.
Public interest and the working conditions have to
be safeguarded and regulated by the state.
9. Merits of Arbitration
Confidential
Cost saving
Time saving
Expert neutral
Arbitrators often work faster than a judge to decide
disputes.
The parties can select their arbitrator.
10. Demerits of Arbitration
Worker can not go on a strike during the discussion.
Sometimes arbitrator show result towards one group
due to bias.
Two groups of people should agree the result what
the arbitrator said.
The couple gives up their power to decide and
leaves their fate in the hands of a third party
stranger.
The arbitrator’s settlement is final.
11. Adjudication
This is next level of problem solving. If
they not satisfied with the arbitrator
result they can approach the adjudication
method.
In this, the problem will be solved by the
lawyer who is appointed by the
government.
12. Tier system of adjudication
Labour courts
Industrial tribunals
National tribunals
13. Labour courts
Labour court shall consist of one person.
Retirement of high court judge.
For a period of not less than three years as district
judge.
Judicial office in India for not less than seven
years.
14. Function of labour courts
To hold adjudication proceedings expeditiously.
Submit its award to the appropriate government as
soon as practicable on the conclusion of the
proceedings.
15. Industrial tribunal
It is formed by central or state government.
One man court who is the president or retired high
court judge.
Industrial disputes will come under this.
16. National tribunal
Only central government is empowered to form
national tribunal.
Single member body who is the president. He can
be retired judge of supreme or high court.