1. Chapter 9:
Comparisons

2. 9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS
(a) The boots and shoes are size 11.
The boots are as large as the shoes.

3. 9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS
(b) The chef cuts the onion as finely as he can.

4. Making Comparisons with as…as
 used to say that two parts of a comparison are
equal or the same in some way
 Form:
 as + adjective + as Note: Use the base form of the
adjective or adverb. Don’t
 as + adverb + as change it.
 Examples:
 Tina is as old as Sam. (They are the same age.)
 Mike came as quickly as he could. (He went the speed
equal to his capability.)

5. Make a sentence about each
situation. Use as…as.
 John can run a mile in 5 minutes. Lisa can run a
mile in 5 minutes.
John can run as fast as Lisa. / Lisa can run as fast as John.
 Ben is 5 years old. Tina is 5 years old.
Ben is as old as Tina. / Tina is as old as Ben.
 Jerry’s house is 1200 square feet. Nancy’s house
is 1200 square feet.
Jerry’s house is as big as Nancy’s. / Nancy’s house is as big as
Jerry’s.

6. 9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS
(c) Annapurna is not as high as Everest.
(d) Annapurna isn’t quite as high as Everest.
Everest - 8,848 m. Annapurna – 8,091 m.

7. 9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS
(e) Fuji isn’t nearly as high as Everest.
Everest - 8,848 m. Fuji – 3,776 m.

8. Making Comparisons with not as…as
 used to show that two things are not equal (one is
less and one is more)
 used with quite and nearly
 not quite as…as (small difference)
 not nearly as…as (big difference)
 Examples:
 Ted is not as old as Tina. (Ted is younger than Tina.)
 Ted isn’t quite as old as Tina. (Ted is a bit younger than
Tina.)
 Amy isn’t nearly as old as Tina. (Amy is much younger.)

9. Make sentences about these people.
Use not as…as (and quite or nearly)
Tina Pedro Mark
17 12 18
Possible Answers:
•Tina isn’t quite as old as Mark.
•Pedro isn’t nearly as old as Tina.
•Pedro isn’t nearly as old as Mark.

10. Making Comparisons with as…as and
just, nearly, almost
 used to modify the comparison
 just = exactly
 Sam is just as old as Tina. (They are exactly the same
age.)
 nearly/almost = very close, but still less
 Ted is nearly as old as Tina.
 Ted is almost as old as Tina.
 (Ted is slightly younger than Tina.)

11. 9-1 LET’S PRACTICE
as
An antelope can run ___ fast ___ a cheetah.
as
Cheetah 95
kph
Antelope 95
kph

12. 9-1 LET’S PRACTICE
nearly as as
A leopard can run ______ ___ fast ___ a
cheetah.
Leopard 90 Cheetah 95
kph kph

13. 9-1 LET’S PRACTICE
A leopard can’t run _______ ___ fast ___
quite as as
a cheetah.
Leopard 90 Cheetah 95
kph kph

14. Exercise 2, page 249
 Complete the sentences with one of the following:
 just as…as
 almost as…as
 not quite as…as
 not nearly as…as
 as…as

15. Let’s Check…
2. not nearly as
3. just as
4. almost as / not quite as
5. not nearly as
6. just as
7. almost as / not quite as

16. Complete the sentences with your
own words. (Tell your partner.)
 …just as important as…
 …just as good as…
 …almost as good as…
 …just as nutritious as…
 …not as easy as it looks.
Share with
the class
when you
are finished.

17. Exercise 3, page 249 - 250
 Use the given words, complete the sentences with
as…as
 Use a negative if appropriate.

18. Let’s Check
3. A lake isn’t (nearly) as big as an ocean.
4. Honey is just as sweet as sugar.
5. Money isn’t (nearly) as important as good health.
6. Children usually aren’t as…adults.
7. A solar system isn’t (nearly) as…a galaxy.
8. People aren’t (nearly) as…monkeys.
9. reading a novel is just as / isn’t nearly
as…listening to music

19. Close your books. Put your pens
down.
 Take turns with your partner completing the
sentences.
 Examples:
 I need you right away! Please come ____________can
as fast as you
 We can’t go any farther. This is _______________.
as far as we can go

20. I can’t work any faster.
I’m working ___________________.
as fast as I can

21. An orange is sweeter than a lemon. In other
words, an orange is not not as sour as a
_____________________.
lemon

22. A stream is usually much narrower than a river.
In other words, a stream isn’t
________________________.
as wide as a river

23. I had expected the test to be difficult, and it
was. In other words, the test was
just_____________________.
as difficult as I expected

24. It’s important to use your English every
day. You should practice speaking
English ________________.
as often as you can

25. You’re only old if you feel old. You
are _______________young ____________.
as as you feel

26. You might think it’s easy to do, but
it’s not quite ____________________.
as easy as you think

27. It takes an hour to drive to the airport. It
takes an hour to fly to Chicago. In other
words, it takes _________________________.
just as long to fly as to
drive

28. What do you think?
 Which food is…?
 more delicious
 better
 worse
 healthier
 cheaper

29. What do you think?
 Which food is…?
 the most delicious
 the most expensive
 the cheapest
 the best
 the worst
 the healthiest
 the least healthy

30. Compare these apples…
1
2

31. Compare these people…

32. PREVIEW
40
30
short/tall bars
20
10
0
1 2 3 4
BAR 1 is taller than BAR 3.
BAR 3 is taller than BAR 2.
BAR 1 is shorter than _____. 4
BAR
BAR 2 is the shortest one of all.
_____
32

33. Number your paper from 1 to 30
 The teacher will say an adjective.
 Write the comparative and superlative for each
adjective.
 For example: “strong”
 stronger the strongest

34. Open your books to page 247
 Exercise 1
 Use the given words to make
comparisons
Discuss
 1. short/long lines
these and
make
 2. happy/sad look on his face
sentences
 3. large/small country
with your
 4. easy/difficult questions
partner/small
 5. good/bad handwriting
group. No
writing
please!

35. 9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
A feather is lighter than a brick.
35

36. 9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
(b) Bricks are lighter than horses.
(c) Horses are more beautiful than trucks.
36

37. 9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
(a) A feather is lighter than a brick.
(b) Feathers are lighter than horses.
(c) A horse is more beautiful than a truck.
comparative + than
37

38. Comparative Adjectives:
comparing only 2 things
 1 syllable  add –er
 big  bigger
 2 syllables, ends with y  add –ier
 friendly  friendlier
 2 syllables  more + adj.
 famous  more famous
 3 syllables or more  more + adj.
 exciting  more exciting
 irregular  see chart in book (better, worse)

39. What’s the comparative?
 old  older
 big  bigger
 pretty  prettier
 healthy  healthier
 nutritious  more nutritious
 beautiful  more beautiful
 generous  more generous
 bad  worse
 good  better

40. 9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.
(e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group.
superlative one of a group
(3 or more)
40

41. 9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
(f) Everest is the most massive mountain in
the world.
Everest - 8,848 m.
superlative -est or most
the + superlative
41

42. Superlative Adjectives:
comparing 3 or more things
 1 syllable  the –est
 big  the biggest
 2 syllables, ends in y  the –iest
 friendly  the friendliest
 2 syllables  the most + adj.
 famous  the most famous
 3 syllables or more  the most + adj.
 exciting  the most exciting
 irregular  see chart in book (the worst, the best)

43. What’s the superlative?
 old  the oldest
 big  the biggest
 pretty  the prettiest
 healthy  the healthiest
 nutritious  the most nutritious
 beautiful  the most beautiful
 generous  the most generous
 bad  the worst
 good  the best

44. 9-2 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT ? YES
NO
most
Jazz is the more beautiful music in New Orleans.
44

45. 9-2 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT ? YES
NO
The most famous jazz in the world is from
New Orleans.
45

46. 9-2 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT ? YES
NO
I like jazz more better than rap or salsa.
46

47. 9-3 LET’S PRACTICE
Greta
Greta is messy, but
Oscar is even _______.
messier
Oscar
47

48. 9-3 LET’S PRACTICE
The market is four miles from
Rosa’s house and five miles
farther (or further)
from my house. I live _______________
from the market than Rosa does.
48

49. 9-3 LET’S PRACTICE
I have many pleasant
memories from childhood.
most pleasant
The _____ _________
memory is going to the
zoo with my grandfather.
49

50. Close your books.
Pens down.
 Look at each sentence with your partner.
 Figure out what’s wrong. Where’s the mistake?

51. Alaska is larger than Texas.
 Alaska is large than Texas.

52. Alaska is the largest state in the
United States.
 Alaska is largest state in the United States.

53. Texas is larger than France in land
area.
 Texas is the larger than France in land area.

54. Old shoes are usually more
comfortable than new shoes.
 Old shoes are usually more comfortable to new
shoes.

55. I like Chinese food better than
French food.
 I like Chinese food more better than French food.

56. A pillow is softer than a rock.
 A pillow is more soft from a rock.

57. I am younger than my brother. My sister is
the youngest person in our family.
 My brother is 22. I am 20. My sister is 18. I am the
youngest than my brother. My sister is the younger
person in our family.

58. Use comparatives/superlatives
 Look around the classroom to make comparative
and superlative sentences with these adjectives:
 big/small
 light/heavy
 cheap/expensive

59. Exercise 9, page 254
 Review comparative and superlative forms

60. Let’s Check…
1. higher, the highest 10. more common, the
2. better, the best most common
3. lazier, the laziest 11. friendlier, the
4. hotter, the hottest
friendliest
5. neater, the neatest
12. more careful, the
most careful
6. later, the latest
13. worse, the worst
7. happier, the happiest
14. farther/further, the
8. more dangerous, the
farthest/the furthest
most dangerous
9. more slowly, the most

61. Exercise 10, page 254
 Complete each sentence with the correct
comparative form (-er / more).

62. Farther or Further?
 farther and further  physical distance
comparison
 I walked farther/further than my friend.
 further  additional
 I need further information.
 I need farther information. (XXX wrong XXX)

63. Exercise 11, page 255
 farther or further
 Some can use both.
 Some can only use further.

64. Let’s check…
3. farther/further
4. further
5. farther/further
6. further

65. Ask/Answer questions…
 A: Is a mouse big?
 B: Not really, but at least it’s bigger than a flea.

66.  A: Is this room large?
 B: Not really, but at least…

67.  A: Is your desk comfortable?
 B: Not really, but at least…

68.  A: Is an elephant intelligent?
 B: Not really, but at least…

69.  A: Was the last exercise easy?
 B: Not really, but at least…

70.  A: Is the floor clean?
 B: Not really, but at least…

71.  A: Is a pen expensive?
 B: Not really, but at least…

72.  A: Is this book heavy?
 B: Not really, but at least…

73.  A: Is blue a bright color?
 B: Not really, but at least…

74. Ask your partner…
 How much taller/shorter are you than the teacher?
 a little taller
 a lot taller
 a little bit shorter
 much shorter

75. Modifying Comparatives
 very
 much much / a lot / far: modify
Note:Tom isis NOT used to
Very very
comparativesold.
 a lot a little / a little bit: modify
modify comparative
(modifies old)
comparatives
 far adjectives.
Tom is much older than I am.
 a little Ann drives very carefully.
Ben is a little older older Ithan I
Ex: Tom is very than am.
Tom is a lot older than I am.
 a little bit am.
(modifies carefully)
Ben is a little bit older than I am.
Ann drives far more carefully than
I do.

76. Modify these sentences…
 It’s hot today. 
It’s very hot today.
 It’s hotter today than yesterday. 
It’s much hotter today
than yesterday.

77. An airplane is very fast.
 An airplane is fast.

78. Taking an airplane is much
faster than driving.
 Taking an airplane is faster than driving.

79. Learning a second language is
very difficult for many people.
 Learning a second language is difficult for many
people.

80. Learning a second language is a lot more
difficult than learning chemistry formulas.
 Learning a second language is more difficult than
learning chemistry formulas.

81. Ask your partner…
 What is one of the largest cities you know?
 Who is the most generous person you have ever
known?
 What was the least difficult class in school?
 What is one of the nicest restaurants in Houston?

82. I Seoul, Korea is one of the largest cities in
read grandfatherthis summer. Harry Potter
I hadfour books last week. The math test
My three tests was the most generous
Tokyo Using Superlativesworld.
is the largest city in the
personthe least difficult.
was thehave ever known.
was Ithe world. of all.
best book
 superlative + noun + in a place
 the largest city in the world Chart on
p. 256
 superlative + noun + present perfect
 the most generous person I have ever known
 superlative + noun + of all
 the best book of all
Remember:
 the least + adjective (opposite of the most)
Superlatives
 the least difficult are only used
to compare 3
 one of + superlative + plural noun + singular verb or more
 One of the best students in this class is Ali. things. (not 2)

83. Close your books.
 Try to complete each sentence with your partner.

84. the laziest
 Jack is lazy. He is _____________________
in
student _______ the class.

85.  Mike and Julie were nervous, but Amanda was
the most nervous of
________________________ all.

86.  Costa Rica is beautiful. It is one of
the most beautiful in
________________________ countries ________
the world.

87.  Scott got a bad score on the test. It was one of
the worst in
_____________________ scores ___________
the whole school.

88. Exercise 24, page 265
 Complete:
 3 – 10
 We’ll check as a class.

89. Let’s Check…
3. the most beautiful…in
4. the worst…in
5. the farthest/furthest …in
6. the best…of
7. the biggest…in
8. the oldest…in
9. the most comfortable…in
10. the most exhausted runner of

90. Ask your partner…
 Ask each question.
 Then switch.
 Answer with a superlative.
 Example:
 Q: There are many beautiful countries in the world. What
is one of them?
 A: One of the most beautiful countries in the world is
Italy.

91. Questions…
 There are many famous people in the world. Who
is one of the most famous?
 What is one of the best movies you’ve seen
recently?
 What is one of the most exciting things you’ve ever
done?
 There are a lot of interesting animals in the world.
What is one of them?
 Who is one of the most important people in the
history of your country?