9. (2) OER is starting to go
mainstream.
(15% and growing)
US analysis
10. CONDITIONS ARE RIPE FOR
OER IN MAINSTREAM
EDUCATION
Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY
4.0
Economic
stress
Rise of digital
technology in
schools
High cost
of higher
education
High demand
for higher
education
Greater
expectations
around openness
Common Core
11. From idea to mainstream: 15-20%
Source: Everett Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, Figure 1-2 (Ch.
1)
11
Rogers Diffusion Curve Market Share (%)
ROGERS
DIFFUSION
CURVE
At “green shoots”
(15-20% market share),
adoption accelerates
Time
Innovation 1 Innovation 2 Innovation 3
Adoption(%)
Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY 4.0
13. CONTENT
CREATION
HIGHER ED
DATA SOURCE
Babson survey data
N = 2,512
MAIN IDEA
% of Chief Academic
Officers (CAOs) that
report OER
is valuable
57% of Surveyed CAOs Report that OER is Valuable
57%
39%
5%OER IS NOT VALUABLE
NEUTRAL
OER IS VALUABLE
Source: Allen, I.E. and J. Seaman 2012Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY 4.0
14. AWARENESS
HIGHER ED
DATA SOURCE
Babson survey data
N = 2,512
MAIN IDEA
% of Chief Academic
Officers (CAOs) that
report they are
aware of OER
87% of Surveyed CAOs Are Aware of OER
14%
38%
36%
13%NOT AWARE
SOMEWHAT
AWARE
AWARE
VERY AWARE
Source: Allen, I.E. and J. Seaman 2012Hewlett Foundation 2014: CC BY 4.0
16. World Bank
(video)
(a) Open Access Policy requires that all
research outputs and knowledge
products published by the Bank be
licensed CC BY as the default.
(b) Global Food Safety (open?)
17. UNESCO
(a) Paris OER Declaration
(b) UNESCO has announced a new
Open Access Repository - majority of
UNESCO resources will be openly
licensed under CC BY SA.
19. Current research funding cycle does not maximize
dissemination, economic efficiency, social impact
Government RFPs
announced,
research grants
awarded
Scientific research
conducted and
papers written
Articles
submitted to
journals and
peer review
occurs
Acceptance in
journals; authors
transfer copyright
to publishers
Articles published
in mainly closed
access journals
Libraries subscribe
or public pays per
article fee to view
on publisher's
website
Public granted little
or no reuse rights
beyond access to
read articles
Slow scientific
progress, poor
return on public
investment
20. Optimized research funding cycle maximizes
public access, economic efficiency, social impact
Government RFPs
announced, open
license
requirements
included, research
grants awarded
Scientific research
conducted and
papers written
Acceptance in
journals; public
access policy
ensures deposit in
open repository
Articles published
in traditional
journals under
embargo
Public can
download articles
from open access
repository
Public granted full
reuse rights under
open licenses
Accelerated
scientific progress,
optimal return on
public investment
Articles
submitted to
journals and
peer review
occurs
23. Scottish Open Education Declaration
Promote the adoption of
procurement policies that give
equal consideration to free and
open source software and openly
licensed materials…
24. Polish Ministry of Education
releases an open primer textbook
under CC BY
25. Indonesia Higher Education La
"(4) The Government shall
develop open learning
resources for use by the whole
Academic Civitas”.
CC is the law catching up with the way the internet actually works.
CC has teams in 75 nations
Open license is key.
Free as in free beer and free as in freedom
Key insight: ideas go from concept to mainstream when adoption has reached 15-20% point
Referring to as “green shoots”
Forrester research study proves this out: MP3 players, digital cameras, cell phones, CD players take off at 12 – 30% range
Examples: Diffusion of existing technologies has been measured in S curves. These technologies include radio, television, VCR, cable, flush toilet, clothes washer, refrigerator, home ownership, air conditioning, dishwasher, electrified households, telephone, cordless phone, cellular phone, per capita airline miles, personal computer and the Internet. This data[27] can be assessed as a valuable predictor for future innovations.
RPI study: http://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.011130 (10% can shift majority)
Study helped us take stock of where we are
What it would take to get to “green shoots”
Next step: operationalize into a dashboard