1. The document discusses agroforestry and its role in climate action and sustainable development. It analyzes how agroforestry is represented in countries' climate reporting to the UNFCCC.
2. It finds that while 40% of countries propose using agroforestry in their climate plans, it is rarely explicitly included in greenhouse gas inventories. Institutional, technical, and financial barriers prevent accurate agroforestry measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV).
3. The barriers include a lack of guidelines for reporting agroforestry, limited capacity to identify and navigate institutional environments, and insufficient data and resources. Better representation of agroforestry is needed to access climate finance and other support.
3. Agroforestry for sustainable development and climate action
Economic
development
Fodder
Energy security
Nutrition
Carbon
sequestration and
soil health
4. 1. Methods and approaches for
assessing adaptation, adaptation
co-benefits and resilience.
2. Improved soil carbon, soil health
and soil fertility under grassland and
cropland as well as integrated
systems, including water
management.
3. Improved nutrient use and manure
management towards sustainable
and resilient agricultural systems.
4. Improved livestock management
systems
5. Socioeconomic and food security
dimensions of climate change in
agriculture.
Agroforestry addresses Koronivia
Joint Work Program on Agriculture
5. Making trees count
MRV of agroforestry under the UNFCCC
Todd Rosenstock
Andreas Wilkes, Courtney Jallo, Nictor Namoi, Medha Bulusu, Marta Suber, Damaris Mboi, Rachmat Mulia,
Elisabeth Simelton, Meryl Richards, Noel Gurwick, Eva Wollenberg
6. Our approach
DOCUMENT REVIEW KEY INFORMANT
INTERVIEWS
National communicationsNationally Determined
Contributions
Key word searches to
understand if and how
countries were planning to
use agroforestry
Examine GHG inventories
for where agroforestry is
visible and the methods
used to capture it
147 countries 12 countries
ü Known interest in agroforestry (e.g., Nepal)
ü Agroforestry-based actions under
development (e.g., Colombia)
ü Number of explicit mentions of agroforestry in
document review (e.g., Rwanda)
7. Rosenstock et al. 2019. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.
Explicit
mentions of
agroforestry in
Nationally
Determined
Contributions
(NDCs)
1. Countries plan to use
agroforestry for climate action
8. Rosenstock et al. 2019. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.
Explicit
mentions of
agroforestry in
Nationally
Determined
Contributions
(NDCs)
1. Countries plan to use
agroforestry for climate action
9. Rosenstock et al. 2019. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.
Explicit
mentions of
agroforestry in
Nationally
Determined
Contributions
(NDCs)
40% of countries
1. Countries plan to use
agroforestry for climate action
10. Rosenstock et al. 2019. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.
Explicit
mentions of
agroforestry in
Nationally
Determined
Contributions
(NDCs)
40% of countries
1. Countries plan to use
agroforestry for climate action
71% of African
countries
12. Five principles of MRV
1. Consistency
2. Transparency
3. Accuracy
4. Comparability
5. Completeness
2. Agroforestry is rarely explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
13. Five principles of MRV
1. Consistency
2. Transparency
3. Accuracy
4. Comparability
5. Completeness
Is agroforestry
visible in GHG
inventories?
2. Agroforestry is rarely explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
14. Five principles of MRV
1. Consistency
2. Transparency
3. Accuracy
4. Comparability
5. Completeness
countries
Is agroforestry
visible in GHG
inventories?
2. Agroforestry is rarely explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
147
15. Five principles of MRV
1. Consistency
2. Transparency
3. Accuracy
4. Comparability
5. Completeness
countries
Is agroforestry
visible in GHG
inventories?
2. Agroforestry is rarely explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
147
105
report
AFOLU
16. Five principles of MRV
1. Consistency
2. Transparency
3. Accuracy
4. Comparability
5. Completeness
countries
Is agroforestry
visible in GHG
inventories?
2. Agroforestry is rarely explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
147
105
report
AFOLU
41
report
subcategories
17. 3. Source of data used for accounting
are diverse but typically basic
19. Emission Factors
Activity data
area of land use
head of cattle
amount of fertilizer applied
carbon stock per land use
methane per head
nitrous oxide per fertilizer
applied
22. Agroforestry is often not explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
Factor Ethio
pia
Bangl
adesh
Boli
via
Ch
ile
Colo
mbia
Indo
nesia Nep
al
Per
u Rwa
nda
St.
Lucia
To
go
Vietn
am
Institutional arrangement and enabling environment
Political support
Definitions of forest
Changes in government
mandates and interest
Conflicting or unclear
mandates
Technical facilities and capacities
Clear representation of
land
Resolution of available
satellite imagery
Availability of locally
relevant stock change
factors
Human capacity for data
collection or processing
Project-level experience
with MRV
Finance
Sustained funding or cost of
MRV
Enabler Constraint Both
23. Agroforestry is often not explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
Factor Ethio
pia
Bangl
adesh
Boli
via
Ch
ile
Colo
mbia
Indo
nesia Nep
al
Per
u Rwa
nda
St.
Lucia
To
go
Vietn
am
Institutional arrangement and enabling environment
Political support
Definitions of forest
Changes in government
mandates and interest
Conflicting or unclear
mandates
Technical facilities and capacities
Clear representation of
land
Resolution of available
satellite imagery
Availability of locally
relevant stock change
factors
Human capacity for data
collection or processing
Project-level experience
with MRV
Finance
Sustained funding or cost of
MRV
Enabler Constraint Both
4. Institutional, technical and financial
barriers prevent agroforestry MRV
24. Agroforestry is often not explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
Factor Ethio
pia
Bangl
adesh
Boli
via
Ch
ile
Colo
mbia
Indo
nesia Nep
al
Per
u Rwa
nda
St.
Lucia
To
go
Vietn
am
Institutional arrangement and enabling environment
Political support
Definitions of forest
Changes in government
mandates and interest
Conflicting or unclear
mandates
Technical facilities and capacities
Clear representation of
land
Resolution of available
satellite imagery
Availability of locally
relevant stock change
factors
Human capacity for data
collection or processing
Project-level experience
with MRV
Finance
Sustained funding or cost of
MRV
Enabler Constraint Both
4. Institutional, technical and financial
barriers prevent agroforestry MRV
25. Agroforestry is often not explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
Factor Ethio
pia
Bangl
adesh
Boli
via
Ch
ile
Colo
mbia
Indo
nesia Nep
al
Per
u Rwa
nda
St.
Lucia
To
go
Vietn
am
Institutional arrangement and enabling environment
Political support
Definitions of forest
Changes in government
mandates and interest
Conflicting or unclear
mandates
Technical facilities and capacities
Clear representation of
land
Resolution of available
satellite imagery
Availability of locally
relevant stock change
factors
Human capacity for data
collection or processing
Project-level experience
with MRV
Finance
Sustained funding or cost of
MRV
Enabler Constraint Both
4. Institutional, technical and financial
barriers prevent agroforestry MRV
26. Agroforestry is often not explicitly
represented in GHG inventories
Recommendations
1. Guidelines for agroforestry reporting improve
relevance to national policy and transparency
2. Capacity building on identifying and navigating
institutional environment that supports inclusion
of agroforestry in MRV systems
3. Accessible approaches for representation of
lands with agroforestry
4. Develop carbon stock change and emission
factor data and database relevant for reporting
requirements