This document describes matter and its characteristics including mass, volume, weight, and density. It defines matter as anything that has mass and volume. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up while mass is the amount of matter in an object. Weight is the force produced by gravity acting on an object. The document also discusses units of measurement in the International System of units (SI units) and how to convert between units using conversion factors. It defines physical properties as those that can change without changing a substance's identity, like color or density. Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo chemical reactions.
2. Objectives Distinguish between different characteristics of matter, including mass, volume, and weight. Identify and us SI unit in measurements and calculations. Set up conversion factors, and use them in calculations. Identify and describe physical properties, including density. Identify chemical properties.
3. Matter has Mass and Volume Matter Anything that has mass and volume Volume Amount of space an object takes up Use graduated cylinder or meter stick Measured in mL, cm3, L Mass Amount of matter in an object Use triple beam balance or electronic scale Measure in grams, mg, kg Weight Force produced by gravity acting on object
4. Units of Measurement Quantity Magnitude, size, or amount 5 3500 0.00045 Unit Standard of measurement Liters, Grams, Seconds SI Units Standard International Units
5. SI Base Units Quantity Symbol Unit Abbrev. Length l meter m Mass m kilogram kg Time t second s Volume v Liter L
6. SI Prefixes Prefix Abbrev. Exponent Meaning Kilo k 103 1000 Hecto h 102 100 Dekada 10 10 Base 100 1 Deci d 10-1 1/10 Centi c 10-2 1/100 Milli m 10-3 1/1000
7. Converting Units Conversion Factor Ratio that is derived from the equation of two different units and that can be used to convert from one unit to the other. Example of equalities 1 kg = 1000 g or 1 m = 100 cm or 1 kg 1000 g 1000 g 1 kg 1 m 100 cm 100 cm 1 m
8. Using conversion Factors Identify quantity and unit given Use correct equality Set up so given unit cancels out Multiply by conversion factor Mass given Mass Wanted 1000 g 4.5 kg = 4500 g 1 kg Conversion Factor
9. Practice 357 mL = ______ L 25 kg = ______ mg 35000 cm3 = ______ L 2.46 L = ______ cm3 Which quantity is larger? 2400 cm or 2 m 3 L or 3 mL 17 g or 1.7 kg
10. Derived Units Requires more than one measurement Examples: Speed - distance and time, miles/hour or m/s Area – length x width, m2 Volume – L x W x H, cm3 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3
11. Properties of Matter Physical Properties Property that can be changed without changing the identity of the substance. Example: color, texture, melting point, smell, density Density: Ratio of mass to volume - g/cm3 or g/mL Density = Mass or D = M Calculate the density of a piece of metal if its mass is 201.0 g and it volume is 18.9 cm3 Volume V
12. Chemical Properties Describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions. Examples Rusting Not rusting– silver and gold + table salt sodium metal chlorine gas Sodium Chlorine Sodium Chloride
