Disruptive innovation creates new markets by either lowering price or meeting needs that were previously unmet. It progresses by first appealing to non-consumers or undershot customers, then later attracting overshot customers. Open educational resources (OERs) are teaching, learning, and research materials that are freely available online for anyone to use and adapt. OERs can support innovation in higher education by providing open access learning resources and challenging traditional models of content delivery, accreditation, and learner support. Developing a sustainable OER ecosystem requires strategies and policies around creation, use, reuse and remixing of materials to support both formal and informal education.
13. An Open Course at Bolton: Design learning for 21 century OER/Open Education Initiatives
14. Business Model Innovation in Institutions for OERs/Open Education Noncustomer / Nonconsuming Context Time Undershot Customers Overshot Customers Business models for adopting OERs/Open Education in HE Sustaining innovation Disruptive innovation
16. Institutions Learning community Individuals Sustaining /disruptive innovations Developing a sustainable OER ecosystem Create, Use, reuse, remix… Strategies and policy, New business model Learning support Accreditation … Community of practice, sharing, … Supporting formal and informal education OERs/OpenEd
Good afternoon, everyone, today I would like to talk about some sustainability issues in UKOER projects and how we think we would develop a sustainable OER ecosystem in HE
Clayton Christensen developed a powerful framework for evaluating innovations and choosing business strategies to respond to technology change. He divides innovatios into two categories, “ disruptive ” and “ sustaining ” , based on whether or not the new products or services meet the new metrics. According to Clayton, The disruptive innovation theory explains why organisations struggle with certain kinds of innovation and how organisations can predictably succeed in innovation. Plugging a disruptive innovation into an existing business model never results in transformation of the model; instead, the existing model co-opts the innovation to sustain how it operates.
Noncomsumers – lack for the ability, wealth, or access to a product or service Undershot Customers – consume a product or service but are frustrated with its limitations Overshot Customers – stop paying for further improvements to a product or service. Christensen distinguishes between "low-end disruption " which targets customers who do not need the full performance valued by customers at the high end of the market and "new-market disruption" which targets customers who have needs that were previously unserved by existing incumbents
For example:
It is expected that this professionally organised infrastructure of academic and scholarly resources in the UK will provide new opportunities for innovation in Higher Education.
there were no entry requirements and it was free to any interested non-credit participant. Credit participants paid a fee. Numbers were not limited. a free platform for anyone to learn using the internet. over 2,000 people have signed up for this super-sized open education course. to create a learning community and support life long networked learning to connect and collaborate with other learners, and to engage learners in the learning process.
All P2PU courses are free and based on materials and resources openly available on the web. Anyone can volunteer to run a course. Groups of peers come together to learn course materials collaboratively. The P2PU offers scheduled “ courses ” that run for 6 weeks and cover university-level topics. Learning takes place in small groups of 8-14 students. Each course package contains the syllabus, study materials and a schedule
augmenting and adding value to" existing provision
an online open course for Master students in China developed by IEC at Bolton free OERs (content, activities, self-assessment) payment for support time, assessment & accreditation Students from partner Chinese institutions gain credits
What emerges is an ecosystem of education exstitutions-systems that don't draw resources into them, but rather distribute and link them to facilitate learning the disruption of higher education at public universities will likely need to be managed at the level of state systems of higher education, not at the level of the individual institutions, which will struggle to evolve. And if private universities are able to navigate this disruptive transition, they will have to do so by creating autonomous business units.
Figure 1 illustrates OERs/Open Education provide opportunities for implementing sustaining/ disruptive innovation in higher education institutions to improve efficiencies and provide better service to individuals and connecting learners and learning communities., e.g. reduction in cost and improvements in quality. A content infrastructure needs to be established through developing OERs that support informal and formal education and catalyse innovations in higher education to explore how best to achieve self-sustainable OER ecosystems.
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