The Flexible PHP Template Language TWIG

TWIG
The flexible, fast, and secure template
language for PHP
Cesare D'Amico
cesare@wyrd.it

Cesare D'Amico
freelance php dev
Hi, nice to meet you!
cesare@wyrd.it
Twitter: __ce (double underscore)
http://cesaredami.co/

A bit of history
“So, you think PHP is a templating engine?”
Fabien Potencier - October 07, 2009
http://j.mp/lOnJU
In his opinion, php lacks:
●
concision (<?php echo $var ?>)
●
template-oriented syntax (foreach())
●
reusability
●
security + sandbox mode

A bit of history
Available solutions (October 2009):
●
Smarty3: slow
●
PHPTAL: HTML only
●
ez Components: slowest, no
inheritance
●
Dwoo: no inheritance
●
Calypso: broken (in his author's
words)

TWIG
●
Fast: Twig compiles templates to plain
optimized PHP code
●
Secure: sandbox mode for untrusted
template code
●
Flexible: powered by a flexible lexer
and parser, this allows to define
custom tags and filters

Assignments
{% set foo = 'foo' %}
{% set foo = [1, 2] %}
{% set foo = ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% set foo = 'foo' ~ 'bar' %}
{% set foo, bar = 'foo', 'bar' %}
{% set foo %}
  <div id="pagination">
    ...
  </div>
{% endset %}

Control structures – for
{% for user in users %}
{% for i in 0..10 %}
{% for l in 'a'..'z' %}
{% for l in 'a'|upper..'z'|upper %}
{% for i in 0|range(10, 2) %}

loop.index
loop.index0
loop.revindex *
loop.revindex0 *
loop.first (boolean)
loop.last * (boolean)
loop.length *
loop.parent
* Only for arrays and objects implementing
the Countable interface

<ul>
    <li>{{ user.username|e }}</li>
  {% else %}
    <li><em>no user found</em></li>
  {% endfor %}
</ul>

<ul>
  {% for id in users|keys %}
    <li>{{ id }}</li>
  {% endfor %}
</ul>

<ul>
  {% for id, user in users %}
    <li>{{ id }}: {{ user.username|e }}</li>
  {% endfor %}
</ul>

Control structures – if
{% if users %}
  <ul>
      <li>{{ user.username|e }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>
{% endif %}

Control structures – if/else
{% if kenny.sick %}
  Kenny is sick.
{% elseif kenny.dead %}
  You killed Kenny! You bastard!!!
{% else %}
  Kenny looks okay so far
{% endif %}

Expressions: literals & math
"Hello World"
42 / 42.23
[foo, bar]
true / false
none
+ * / %
//
**

Expressions: logic &
comparison
and or not (expression)
< > <= >= == !=
range comparisons:
{% if 1 < a < 4 %}

Even more operators!
in
.. (range)
| (apply filter)
~ (string concatenation)
. [] (attribute access: ala object/array)
?: (ternary operator)

Filters: built-in
date: {{ post.published_at|date("m/d/Y") }}
format: “I like %s and %s”
{{ string|format(foo, "bar") }}
replace: “I like %this% and %that%”
{{ string|format(['%this%': foo, '%that%': "bar"]) }}
url_encode, json_encode, title, capitalize, upper, lower,
striptags, join, reverse, length, sort, default, keys, escape / e,
raw

Tests: built-in
divisibleby: {% if loop.index is divisibleby(3) %}
none: {{ var is none }}
even, odd

Everyone still awake?
(the best is coming...)

Inheritance – base file
<html>
<head>
{% block head %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<title>{% block title %}{% endblock
%}</title>
{% endblock %}
</head>

Inheritance – base file
<body>
  <div id="content">
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
  </div>
  <div id="footer">
    {% block footer %}
    © Copyright 2010 by you.
    {% endblock %}
  </div>
</body>
</html>

Inheritance – child template
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}Index{% endblock %}
{% block head %}
  {% parent %}
  <style type="text/css">
    .important { color: #336699; }
  </style>
{% endblock %}

Inheritance – child template
{% block content %}
  <h1>Index</h1>
  <p class="important">
    Welcome on my awesome homepage.
  </p>
{% endblock %}

Dynamic & conditional
inheritance
{% extends some_var %}
{% extends ajax_output ? "ajax.html"
: "layout.html" %}

include
{% include 'header.html' %}
...Body...
{% include 'footer.html' %}
{% include 'foo' with ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% set vars = ['foo': 'bar'] %}
{% include 'foo' with vars %}
{% include some_var %}
{% include ajax ? 'ajax.html':'base.html' %}

Macros
{% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
  <input type="{{ type|default('text') }}"
     name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}"
     size="{{ size|default(20) }}" />
{% endmacro %}
{% macro textarea(name, value, rows) %}
  <textarea name="{{ name }}"
     rows="{{ rows|default(10) }}"
     cols="{{ cols|default(40) }}">
     {{ value|e }}
  </textarea>
{% endmacro %}

Macros – calling
<p>{{ _self.input('username') }}</p>
<p>{{ _self.textarea(
         'description',
         '...',
         8
      ) }}</p>

import
{% import 'forms.html' as forms %}
<dl>
  <dt>Username</dt>
  <dd>{{ forms.input('username') }}</dd>
  <dt>Password</dt>
  <dd>{{ forms.input('password', none,
'password') }}</dd>
</dl>
<p>{{ forms.textarea('comment') }}</p>

import – hang yourself...
{% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
  <input type="{{ type|default('text') }}"
     name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}"
     size="{{ size|default(20) }}" />
{% endmacro %}
{% import _self as forms %}

<p>{{ forms.input('text','username') }}</p>

i18n – needs gettext!
{% trans "Hello World!" %}

{% trans string_var %}
{% trans %}Hello World!{% endtrans %}
{% trans %}Hello {{ name }}!{% endtrans %}
{% trans Hello {{ name }}! %}

i18n – plurals
{% trans %}
Hey {{ name }}, I have one apple.
{% plural apple_count %}
Hey {{ name }}, I have {{ count }}
apples.
{% endtrans %}

Let's use it: environment
<?php
require_once
'/path/to/lib/Twig/Autoloader.php';
Twig_Autoloader::register();

$loader = new
Twig_Loader_Filesystem('/path/to/templates');
$twig = new Twig_Environment($loader, array(
'cache' => '/path/to/compilation_cache',
));

Let's use it: render
<?php
$template = $twig>loadTemplate('tpl.html');
echo $template>render(array(
'the' => 'variables',
'go' => 'here'
));
Same as:
$template>display(...)

Built-in loaders
$l = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem($tplDir);
$l = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem(
array($tplDir1, $tplDir2)
);
Dummy:
$loader = new Twig_Loader_String("...");
For unit testing:
$loader = new Twig_Loader_Array($templates);

Built-in extensions
Core (automatically registered)
Escaper
Sandbox
I18n
You can create your own extensions if you need so:
- implement interface Twig_ExtensionInterface
- extend Twig_Extension so you need only implement
needed methods
$twig>addExtension(
new Twig_Extension_Escaper()
);

12-14 Maggio 2011
http://www.phpday.it/

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The Flexible PHP Template Language TWIG

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